低基质厌氧氨氧化反应器快速启动特征
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摘要
利用厌氧SBR反应器处理NH~+_4-N和NO~-_2-N浓度分别为25±0.3 mg/L和33±0.5 mg/L的低基质模拟配水,在温度为30±1℃、pH为7.2±0.2条件下,采用污水处理厂厌氧消化污泥为试验接种污泥,通过6个阶段逐渐缩短水力停留时间(24 h→24 h→12 h→8 h→4 h→3 h),实现厌氧氨氧化反应器成功启动.结果表明:阶段Ⅰ(1～18 d)的菌体自溶和阶段Ⅱ(19～39 d)的活性停滞,造成出水NH~+_4-N先升高至68.7 mg/L,后逐渐稳定在25.0 mg/L,出水NO~-_2-N和NO~-_3-N几乎为零;阶段Ⅲ(40～54 d)和阶段Ⅳ(55～61 d)的活性提高,导致出水NO~-_2-N始终低于2.5 mg/L,出水NO~-_3-N逐渐增加至5.4 mg/L;阶段Ⅴ(62～75 d)的菌体活性稳定,使出水NH~+_4-N和NO~-_2-N均低于1 mg/L,出水NO~-_3-N逐渐增加至6.8 mg/L,总氮去除负荷达到最大值346.1 mg/(L·d),△NH~+_4-N∶△NO~-_2-N∶△NO~-_3-N为1∶1.34∶0.27,接近厌氧氨氧化反应理论计量比,标志着厌氧氨氧化反应器启动成功.
Anaerobic sequencing batch reactor(SBR) is used to treat the low sustrate artificial simulated wastewater when the influent ammonia nitrogen and nitrite concentrations are 25±0.3 mg/L and 33±0.5 mg/L respectively.When hydraulic retention time(HRT) of 6 stages(24 h→24 h→12 h→8 h→4 h→3 h) is gradually shortened,the anaerobic ammoxidation sequencing batch reactor(ASBR) is started up successfully by using sewage treatment plant anaerobic digestion sludge as inoculation sludge,in which the temperature is stablized at 30±1℃ and pH value is kept at 7.2±0.2.The result showes that in thalli autolysis of phase I(during day 1 to 18)and activity stagnation of phase II(during day 19 to 39),the effluent concentration of NH~+_4-N first increases to 68.7 mg/L and then stablizes at 25.0 mg/L,and the effluent concentrations of NO~-_2-N and NO~-_3-N are almost zero.In phase Ⅲ(during day 40 to 54) and Ⅳ(during day 55 to 61),the activity is incresed,which leads the effluent concentration of NO~-_2-N is always lower than 2.5 mg/L,and the effluent concentration of NO~-_3-N increases to 5.4 mg/L gradually.The thallus activity is stable in phase Ⅴ(during day 62 to 75),both the effluent concentrations of NH~+_4-N and NO~-_2-N are lower than 1 mg/L respectively,and the effluent concentration of NO~-_3-N is up to 6.8 mg/L.The total removal loading rate of nitrogen reaches its maximum of 346.1 mg/(L·d).The ratio of the amount of △NH~+_4-N to △NO~-_2-N to △NO~-_3-N is 1∶1.34∶0.27,and this value is close to the theoretical measurement ratio of anammox reaction,which indicates the successful start-up of anammox reactor.
Anaerobic sequencing batch reactor(SBR) is used to treat the low sustrate artificial simulated wastewater when the influent ammonia nitrogen and nitrite concentrations are 25±0.3 mg/L and 33±0.5 mg/L respectively.When hydraulic retention time(HRT) of 6 stages(24 h→24 h→12 h→8 h→4 h→3 h) is gradually shortened,the anaerobic ammoxidation sequencing batch reactor(ASBR) is started up successfully by using sewage treatment plant anaerobic digestion sludge as inoculation sludge,in which the temperature is stablized at 30±1℃ and pH value is kept at 7.2±0.2.The result showes that in thalli autolysis of phase I(during day 1 to 18)and activity stagnation of phase II(during day 19 to 39),the effluent concentration of NH~+_4-N first increases to 68.7 mg/L and then stablizes at 25.0 mg/L,and the effluent concentrations of NO~-_2-N and NO~-_3-N are almost zero.In phase Ⅲ(during day 40 to 54) and Ⅳ(during day 55 to 61),the activity is incresed,which leads the effluent concentration of NO~-_2-N is always lower than 2.5 mg/L,and the effluent concentration of NO~-_3-N increases to 5.4 mg/L gradually.The thallus activity is stable in phase Ⅴ(during day 62 to 75),both the effluent concentrations of NH~+_4-N and NO~-_2-N are lower than 1 mg/L respectively,and the effluent concentration of NO~-_3-N is up to 6.8 mg/L.The total removal loading rate of nitrogen reaches its maximum of 346.1 mg/(L·d).The ratio of the amount of △NH~+_4-N to △NO~-_2-N to △NO~-_3-N is 1∶1.34∶0.27,and this value is close to the theoretical measurement ratio of anammox reaction,which indicates the successful start-up of anammox reactor.
引文
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[22] 于德爽,李伟刚,李津.ASBR反应器厌氧氨氧化脱氮Ⅰ:工艺特性与控制策略[J].中国环境科学,2013,33(12):2176-2183.
[23] 张永辉,彭永臻,曾立云,等.常温低基质厌氧氨氧化ASBR反应器的快速启动[J].工业水处理,2017,37(2):43-47.
[24] 陈光辉,李军,邓海亮,等.包埋菌启动厌氧氨氧化反应器及其动力学性能[J].化工学报,2015,66(4):1459-1466.
[25] 朱月琪,张丽娟,曾国驱,等.研究低氨氮废水在ABR中的厌氧氨氧化[J].环境工程学报,2010,6(4):1224-1230.
[26] 秦永丽,蒋永荣,刘成良,等.Aanmmox启动过程中脱氮性能及污泥特性研究[J].环境科学与技术,2016,39(2):122-127.
[27] 汪瑶琪,张敏,姜滢,等.厌氧氨氧化反应器启动过程及微生物群落结构特征[J].环境科学,2017,38(12):5184-5191.
[27] 付丽霞,吴立波,张怡然,等.低含量氨氮污水厌氧氨氧化影响因素研究[J].水处理技术,2010,36(4):50-55.
[29] 田智勇,李冬,张杰.厌氧氨氧化过程中COD及pH值与基质浓度之间的关系[J].环境科学,2009,30(1):3342-3346.
[30] VAN DER STAR W R L,ABMAB W R,BLOMMERS D,et al.Startup of reactors for anoxic ammonium oxidation:experiences from the first full-scale anammox reactor in Rotterdam[J].Water Research,2007,41:4149-4163.
[31] 李祥,黄勇,袁怡,等.DO在厌氧序批式生物膜反应器中对厌氧氨氧化反应启动的影响[J].环境污染与防治,2009,31(10):43-47.
[32] 周凌,操家顺,蔡娟,等.低浓度氨氮条件下厌氧氨氧化反应器的启动研究[J].给水排水,2006,32(11):34-37.
[2] SCHMIDT I,SLIEKERS O,SCHMID M,et al.New concepts of microbial treatment processes for the nitrogen removal in wastewater[J].FEMS microbiology reviews,2003,27(4):481-92.
[3] JETTEN M S M,VAN NIFTRIK L,STROUS M,et al.Biochemistry and molecular biology of anammox bacteria[J].Critical Reviews in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology,2009,44(2/3):65-84.
[4] STROUS M,HEIJNEN J J,KUENEN J G,et al.The sequencing batch reactor as a powerful tool for the study of slowly growing anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing microorganisms[J].Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology,1998,50(5):589-596.
[5] 杨朋兵,李祥,黄勇,等.厌氧条件下氨氧化电子受体研究进展[J].环境污染与防治,2016,38(17):94-98.
[6] DAPENA-MORA A,CAMPOS J L,MOSQ-UERA-CORRAL A,et al.Stability of the ANAMMOX process in a gas-lift reactor and a SBR[J].Journal of Biotechnology,2004,110(2):159-170.
[7] 王静,郝建安,张爱君,等.厌氧氨氧化反应研究进展[J].水处理技术2014,40(3):1-4.
[8] ABMA W R,SCHUTLTZ C E,MULDER J W.Full scale granular sludge ANAMMOX process[J].Water Science Technology,2007,55(8/9):27-33.
[9] 许玫英,方卫,张丽娟,等.生物脱氮新技术在垃圾渗滤液工程化处理中的应用[J].环境科学,2007,28(3):607-612.
[10] TANG C J,ZHENG P,CHEN T T,et al.Enhanced nitrogen removal from pharmaceutical wastewater using SBA-ANAMMOX process[J].Water Research,2011,45(1):201-210.
[11] 韩明,何士龙,王冰冰.生物过滤型厌氧氨氧化系统的启动、抑制及恢复研究[J].太原理工大学学报,2018,49(1):61-66.
[12] 李冬,赵世勋,王俊安,等.污水处理厂CANON工艺启动策略[J].中国环境科学,2017,37(11):4125-4133.
[13] 蔡庆,丁佳佳.N2H4强化厌氧氨氧化机理及动力学特性[J].水处理技术2015,41(5):73-77.
[14] 马婧一,荀方飞,葛亚军.低负荷下厌氧氨氧化处理养殖废水的启动研究[J].水资源与水工程学报,2012,23(4):131-134.
[15] 唐晓雪,彭永臻,徐竹兵,等.低基质浓度厌氧氨氧化颗粒污泥反应器的快速启动[J].中南大学学报,2014,45(12):4445-4451.
[16] 杨瑞丽,王晓君,吴俊斌,等.厌氧氨氧化工艺快速启动策略及其微生物特性[J].环境工程学报,2018,12(12):3341-3350.
[17] 任君怡,陈林艺,李慧春,等.不同种泥的厌氧氨氧化反应器的启动及动力学特征[J].环境科学,2019,40(3):1405-1411.
[18] 国家环境保护总局.水和废水监测分析方法[M].4版.北京:中国科学出版社,2002:1-10.
[19] LU Y F,MA L J,MA L,et al.Improvement of start-up and nitrogen removal of the anammox process in reactors inoculated with conventional activated sludge using biofilm carrier materials[J].Environmental Technology,2017,39(1):59-67.
[20] TANG C J,ZHENG P,MAHMOOD Q,et al.Start-up and inhibition analysis of the anammox process seeded with anaerobic granular sludge[J].Journal of Industrial Microbiology & Biotechnology,2009,36(8):1093-1100.
[21] TANG C J,ZHENG P,CHAI L Y,et al.Characterization and quantification of anammox start-up in UASB reactors seeded with conventional activated sludge[J].International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation,2013,82(8):141-148.
[22] 于德爽,李伟刚,李津.ASBR反应器厌氧氨氧化脱氮Ⅰ:工艺特性与控制策略[J].中国环境科学,2013,33(12):2176-2183.
[23] 张永辉,彭永臻,曾立云,等.常温低基质厌氧氨氧化ASBR反应器的快速启动[J].工业水处理,2017,37(2):43-47.
[24] 陈光辉,李军,邓海亮,等.包埋菌启动厌氧氨氧化反应器及其动力学性能[J].化工学报,2015,66(4):1459-1466.
[25] 朱月琪,张丽娟,曾国驱,等.研究低氨氮废水在ABR中的厌氧氨氧化[J].环境工程学报,2010,6(4):1224-1230.
[26] 秦永丽,蒋永荣,刘成良,等.Aanmmox启动过程中脱氮性能及污泥特性研究[J].环境科学与技术,2016,39(2):122-127.
[27] 汪瑶琪,张敏,姜滢,等.厌氧氨氧化反应器启动过程及微生物群落结构特征[J].环境科学,2017,38(12):5184-5191.
[27] 付丽霞,吴立波,张怡然,等.低含量氨氮污水厌氧氨氧化影响因素研究[J].水处理技术,2010,36(4):50-55.
[29] 田智勇,李冬,张杰.厌氧氨氧化过程中COD及pH值与基质浓度之间的关系[J].环境科学,2009,30(1):3342-3346.
[30] VAN DER STAR W R L,ABMAB W R,BLOMMERS D,et al.Startup of reactors for anoxic ammonium oxidation:experiences from the first full-scale anammox reactor in Rotterdam[J].Water Research,2007,41:4149-4163.
[31] 李祥,黄勇,袁怡,等.DO在厌氧序批式生物膜反应器中对厌氧氨氧化反应启动的影响[J].环境污染与防治,2009,31(10):43-47.
[32] 周凌,操家顺,蔡娟,等.低浓度氨氮条件下厌氧氨氧化反应器的启动研究[J].给水排水,2006,32(11):34-37.