先进高强度汽车钢的发展趋势与挑战
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摘要
高强钢在汽车轻量化、节能减排、成本方面具有一定的优势与潜力,目前,仍是汽车的主要材料。高强钢的使用比例逐年增加,并且向更高强度方向发展,生产方式呈现出钢板"以热代冷"、零件成形"以冷代热"的低成本发展趋势,依靠亚稳奥氏体增强、增塑的第三代汽车钢成为先进高强钢的重要发展方向,然而,先进高强钢的发展给材料、工艺、装备等带来了新的挑战。
High strength steel is still the main material of automobiles,and has certain advantages and potentials in light weight,energy saving,emission reduction and cost for automobiles. The use ratio of high strength steel increases year by year and develops towards higher strength. Lower cost are important developing trend,the low cost production modes mainly reflected in hot rolling instead of cold rolling to produce sheet steel,and cold forming instead of hot stamping to produce ultra-high strength automobile parts,and so on. The third generation automobile steel,which relies on the metastable austenite enhancing strength and ductility,has become important development trends of advanced high strength steel. The development of advanced automobile steels bring new challenges to the material science,processing and equipment.
High strength steel is still the main material of automobiles,and has certain advantages and potentials in light weight,energy saving,emission reduction and cost for automobiles. The use ratio of high strength steel increases year by year and develops towards higher strength. Lower cost are important developing trend,the low cost production modes mainly reflected in hot rolling instead of cold rolling to produce sheet steel,and cold forming instead of hot stamping to produce ultra-high strength automobile parts,and so on. The third generation automobile steel,which relies on the metastable austenite enhancing strength and ductility,has become important development trends of advanced high strength steel. The development of advanced automobile steels bring new challenges to the material science,processing and equipment.
引文
[1]中国汽车工程学会,中国汽车轻量化技术创新战略联盟,中国第一汽车股份有限公司技术中心.中国汽车轻量化发展战略与途径[M].北京:北京理工大学出版社,2015.(Society of Automotive Engineers of China,China Auto Lightweight Technology Innovation Strategic Alliance,Research Center of FAW Group Co.,Ltd. Development Strategy and Approach of China Automobile Lightweight[M]. Beijing:Beijing Institute of Technology Press,2015.)
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[10]夏碧峰,杜振民,崔全法,等.高强汽车大梁钢S700L性能预测模型分析[J].中国冶金,2018,28(8):38.(XIA Bi-feng,DU Zhen-min,CUI Quan-fa,et al. Analysis of performance prediction model of high strength automobile beam steel S700L[J].China Metallurgy,2018,28(8):38.)
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[13]肖丽俊,岳尔斌,仇圣桃,等.双辊薄带连铸生产取向硅钢的技术分析[J].钢铁研究学报,2009,21(8):1.(XIAO Li-jun,YUE Er-bin,QIU Sheng-tao,et al. Twin-roll strip casting process and grain oriented silicon steel production[J]. Journal of Iron and Steel Research,2009,21(8):1.)
[14]钢铁研究总院.高效率低能耗高质量的钢板温成形零件及其生产方法:中国,ZL201110041545.3[P]. 2012-11-14. http://www.soopat.com/Patent/201110041545?lx=FMSQ.(Central Iron and Steel Research Institute. High Efficiency,Low Energy Consumption and High Quality Steel Plate Warm Forming Parts and its Production Method:China,ZL201110041545.3[P]. 2012-11-14.http://www.soopat.com/Patent/201110041545?lx=FMSQ.)
[15] WANG Cun-yu,LI Xiao-dong,HAN Shuo,et al. Warm stamping technology of the medium manganese steel[J]. Steel Research International,2018,89:1.
[16] Kuvin B. Steelmaking and steels,getting better and better all the time[J]. Metalforming,2008(2):7.
[17] Matlock D K,Br?utigam V E,Speer J G. Application of the quenching and partitioning(Q&P)process to a medium-carbon,high-Si microalloyed bar steel[J]. Materials Science Forum,2003,426-432(2):1089.
[18]董瀚,王毛球,翁宇庆.高性能钢的M3组织调控理论与技术[J].钢铁,2010,45(7):1.(DONG Han,WANG Mao-qiu,WENG Yu-qing. Performance improvement of steels through M3structure control[J]. Iron and Steel,2010,45(7):1.)
[19]王存宇. 30 GPa%级超高强度马奥组织钢的研究[D].北京:钢铁研究总院,2010.(WANG Cun-yu. Investigation on 30 GPa%Grade Ultrahigh-Strength Martensitic-Austenitic Steels[D]. Beijing:Central Iron and Steel Research Institute,2010.)
[20]王存宇,时捷,曹文全,等. Q&P工艺处理低碳CrNi3Si2MoV钢马氏体的研究[J].金属学报,2011,47(6):720.(WANG Cun-yu,SHI Jie,CAO Wen-quan,et al. Study on the martensite in low carbon CrNi3Si2MoV steel treated by Q&P process[J].Acta Metallurgica Sinica,2011,47(6):720.)
[21] WANG C Y,SHI J,CAO W Q,et al. Microstructure characterization of low alloy martenstic steel processed by quenching and partitioning[J]. Materials Science and Engineering A,2010(527):3442.
[22] CAO W Q,WANG C,SHI J,et al. Microstructure and mechanical properties of Fe-0.2C-5Mn steel processed by ART-annealing[J]. Materials Science and Engineering A,2011,528:6661.
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[24] WANG Cun-yu,CHANG Ying,YANG Jie,et al. Work hardening behavior and stability of retained austenite for quenched and partitioned steels[J]. Journal of Iron and Steel Research,International,2016,23(2):130.
[25]韩志勇,张明达,徐海峰,等.高性能汽车钢组织性能特点及未来研发方向[J].钢铁,2016,51(2):2.(HAN Zhi-yong,ZHANG Ming-da,XU Hai-feng,et al. Research and application of high performance automobile steel[J]. Iron and Steel,2016,51(2):2.)
[26]王存宇,曹文全,董瀚.中锰第三代汽车钢及其先进性[C]//第十一届中国钢铁年会论文集.北京:中国金属学会,2017:1648.(WANG Cun-yu,CAO Wen-quan,DONG Han. The third generation automobile steel of medium manganese and its advantages[C]//Proceedings of the 11th CSM Steel Congress. Beijing:The Chinese Society for Metals,2017:1648.)
[27]祁豆豆,林万明,李双寿.淬火-分配工艺对高强钢疲劳失效的影响[J].中国冶金,2017,27(6):24.(QI Dou-dou,LIN Wan-ming,LI Shuang-shou. Effect of quenching-partitioning process on fatigue failure of high strength steel[J]. China Metallurgy,2017,27(6):24.)
[28]郭晶,杨天一,赵广东.汽车用钢DC53D+ZF的疲劳试验测试[J].中国冶金,2017,27(11):57.(GUO Jing,YANG Tian-yi,ZHAO Guang-dong. Fatigue test of automotive steel DC53D+ZF[J]. China Metallurgy,2017,27(11):57.)
[29]董瀚.钢铁材料基础研究的评述[J].钢铁,2008,43(10):1.(DONG Han. Overview on the fundamental study of steel products[J]. Iron and Steel,2008,43(10):1.)
[30]董瀚,曹文全,时捷,等.第3代汽车钢的组织与性能调控技术[J].钢铁,2011,46(6):1.(DONG Han,CAO Wen-quan,SHI Jie,et al. Microstructure and performance control technology of the 3rd generation auto sheet steels[J]. Iron and Steel,2011,46(6):1.)
[2] Stacy C D,Susan E W,Robert G B,et al. 2016 Vehicle Technologies Market Report[R]. Washington D C:OAK Ridge National Laboratory,2017.
[3] Keeler S,Kimchi M. Advanced High-Strength Steels Application Guidelines V5[M]. Brussels:World Auto Steel,2015.
[4]韩维建,张瑞杰,郑江.汽车材料及轻量化趋势[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2017.(HAN Wei-jian,ZHANG Rui-jie,ZHENG Jiang. Automotive Materials and Lightweight Trend[M]. Beijing:Mechanical Industry Press,2017.)
[5]陈鹰.轻量化评估方法研究与高性能汽车钢冲压件技术开发[D].北京:钢铁研究总院,2017.(CHEN Ying. Study of High Strength Auto-Steel Sheets and Stamping Parts Based on Lightweight Evaluation[D]. Beijing:Central Iron and Steel Research Institute,2017.)
[6]节能与新能源汽车技术路线图战略咨询委员会,中国汽车工程学会.节能与新能源汽车技术路线图[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2016.(Strategic Advisory Committee of Energy Saving and New Energy Vehicle Technology Roadmap,Society of Automotive Engineers of China. Technology Roadmap of Energy Saving and New Energy Vehicle[M]. Beijing:Mechanical Industry Press,2016.)
[7]陈鹰,张英健,董瀚,等.提高汽车安全性的先进高强钢高效成形技术[J].钢铁研究学报,2015,27(6):1.(CHEN Ying,ZHANG Ying-jian,DONG Han,et al. Efficient forming technology of advanced high strength steel for car crashworthiness improvement[J]. Journal of Iron and Steel Research,2015,27(6):1.)
[8]康永林,朱国明.中国汽车发展趋势及汽车用钢面临的机遇与挑战[J].钢铁,2014,49(12):1.(KANG Yong-lin,ZHU Guoming. Development trend of China's automobile industry and the opportunities and challenges of steels for automobiles[J].Iron and Steel,2014,49(12):1.)
[9]李润昌,张环宇,夏银峰,等. 980 MPa级双相钢边裂致断带原因分析[J].中国冶金,2018,28(9):37.(LI Run-chang,ZHANG Huan-yu,XIA Yin-feng,et al. Reasons analysis of edge cracks on980 MPa level dual-phase steel strip leading to strip-break[J].China Metallurgy,2018,28(9):37.)
[10]夏碧峰,杜振民,崔全法,等.高强汽车大梁钢S700L性能预测模型分析[J].中国冶金,2018,28(8):38.(XIA Bi-feng,DU Zhen-min,CUI Quan-fa,et al. Analysis of performance prediction model of high strength automobile beam steel S700L[J].China Metallurgy,2018,28(8):38.)
[11]孙力,刘天武,安会龙,等.汽车热轧大梁钢分条后出现侧弯的原因分析[J].中国冶金,2018,28(1):49.(SUN Li,LIU Tian-wu,AN Hui-long,et al. Cause analysis on lateral bending of hot rolled steel strip for automobile beam after longitudinal cutting[J]. China Metallurgy,2018,28(1):49.)
[12]毛新平,高吉祥,柴毅忠.中国薄板坯连铸连轧技术的发展[J].钢铁,2014,49(7):49.(MAO Xin-ping,GAO Ji-xiang,CHAI Yi-zhong. Development of thin slab casting and direct rolling process in China[J]. Iron and Steel,2014,49(7):49.)
[13]肖丽俊,岳尔斌,仇圣桃,等.双辊薄带连铸生产取向硅钢的技术分析[J].钢铁研究学报,2009,21(8):1.(XIAO Li-jun,YUE Er-bin,QIU Sheng-tao,et al. Twin-roll strip casting process and grain oriented silicon steel production[J]. Journal of Iron and Steel Research,2009,21(8):1.)
[14]钢铁研究总院.高效率低能耗高质量的钢板温成形零件及其生产方法:中国,ZL201110041545.3[P]. 2012-11-14. http://www.soopat.com/Patent/201110041545?lx=FMSQ.(Central Iron and Steel Research Institute. High Efficiency,Low Energy Consumption and High Quality Steel Plate Warm Forming Parts and its Production Method:China,ZL201110041545.3[P]. 2012-11-14.http://www.soopat.com/Patent/201110041545?lx=FMSQ.)
[15] WANG Cun-yu,LI Xiao-dong,HAN Shuo,et al. Warm stamping technology of the medium manganese steel[J]. Steel Research International,2018,89:1.
[16] Kuvin B. Steelmaking and steels,getting better and better all the time[J]. Metalforming,2008(2):7.
[17] Matlock D K,Br?utigam V E,Speer J G. Application of the quenching and partitioning(Q&P)process to a medium-carbon,high-Si microalloyed bar steel[J]. Materials Science Forum,2003,426-432(2):1089.
[18]董瀚,王毛球,翁宇庆.高性能钢的M3组织调控理论与技术[J].钢铁,2010,45(7):1.(DONG Han,WANG Mao-qiu,WENG Yu-qing. Performance improvement of steels through M3structure control[J]. Iron and Steel,2010,45(7):1.)
[19]王存宇. 30 GPa%级超高强度马奥组织钢的研究[D].北京:钢铁研究总院,2010.(WANG Cun-yu. Investigation on 30 GPa%Grade Ultrahigh-Strength Martensitic-Austenitic Steels[D]. Beijing:Central Iron and Steel Research Institute,2010.)
[20]王存宇,时捷,曹文全,等. Q&P工艺处理低碳CrNi3Si2MoV钢马氏体的研究[J].金属学报,2011,47(6):720.(WANG Cun-yu,SHI Jie,CAO Wen-quan,et al. Study on the martensite in low carbon CrNi3Si2MoV steel treated by Q&P process[J].Acta Metallurgica Sinica,2011,47(6):720.)
[21] WANG C Y,SHI J,CAO W Q,et al. Microstructure characterization of low alloy martenstic steel processed by quenching and partitioning[J]. Materials Science and Engineering A,2010(527):3442.
[22] CAO W Q,WANG C,SHI J,et al. Microstructure and mechanical properties of Fe-0.2C-5Mn steel processed by ART-annealing[J]. Materials Science and Engineering A,2011,528:6661.
[23] SHI Jie,SUN Xin-jun,WANG Mao-qiu,et al. Enhanced workhardening behavior and mechanical properties in ultrafine-grained steels with large-fractioned metastable austenite[J]. Scripta Materialia,2010,63:815.
[24] WANG Cun-yu,CHANG Ying,YANG Jie,et al. Work hardening behavior and stability of retained austenite for quenched and partitioned steels[J]. Journal of Iron and Steel Research,International,2016,23(2):130.
[25]韩志勇,张明达,徐海峰,等.高性能汽车钢组织性能特点及未来研发方向[J].钢铁,2016,51(2):2.(HAN Zhi-yong,ZHANG Ming-da,XU Hai-feng,et al. Research and application of high performance automobile steel[J]. Iron and Steel,2016,51(2):2.)
[26]王存宇,曹文全,董瀚.中锰第三代汽车钢及其先进性[C]//第十一届中国钢铁年会论文集.北京:中国金属学会,2017:1648.(WANG Cun-yu,CAO Wen-quan,DONG Han. The third generation automobile steel of medium manganese and its advantages[C]//Proceedings of the 11th CSM Steel Congress. Beijing:The Chinese Society for Metals,2017:1648.)
[27]祁豆豆,林万明,李双寿.淬火-分配工艺对高强钢疲劳失效的影响[J].中国冶金,2017,27(6):24.(QI Dou-dou,LIN Wan-ming,LI Shuang-shou. Effect of quenching-partitioning process on fatigue failure of high strength steel[J]. China Metallurgy,2017,27(6):24.)
[28]郭晶,杨天一,赵广东.汽车用钢DC53D+ZF的疲劳试验测试[J].中国冶金,2017,27(11):57.(GUO Jing,YANG Tian-yi,ZHAO Guang-dong. Fatigue test of automotive steel DC53D+ZF[J]. China Metallurgy,2017,27(11):57.)
[29]董瀚.钢铁材料基础研究的评述[J].钢铁,2008,43(10):1.(DONG Han. Overview on the fundamental study of steel products[J]. Iron and Steel,2008,43(10):1.)
[30]董瀚,曹文全,时捷,等.第3代汽车钢的组织与性能调控技术[J].钢铁,2011,46(6):1.(DONG Han,CAO Wen-quan,SHI Jie,et al. Microstructure and performance control technology of the 3rd generation auto sheet steels[J]. Iron and Steel,2011,46(6):1.)