以南方某市为例探究供水管网系统生物稳定性
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摘要
控制微生物生长是确保供水管网水质生物稳定的关键手段之一。以我国南方某城市供水管网为研究对象,探讨了供水距离、季节和颗粒数对管网系统生物稳定性的影响。研究结果表明,管网水中有机物以类酪氨酸和类色氨酸为主(78.9%),有机物种类和浓度随供水距离增加无明显变化;异养菌平板计数(Heterotrophic Plate Count,HPC)与余氯浓度显著相关(R=-0.31,P <0.001,n=120);可同化有机碳(Assimilable Organic Carbon,AOC)、AOC-P17/AOC和AOCNOX/AOC呈季节性变化规律,粒径为2～5μm的颗粒占总颗粒数75.7%～85.9%,该粒径颗粒数与HPC相关性良好(R=0.20,P<0.05,n=120)。基于实际管网的长期研究,通过数据统计分析发现UV_(254)与AOC显著相关(R=0.29,P<0.001,n=161),因此尝试借助UV_(254)预测水质AOC值,以便监控与预测该市管网系统生物稳定性。
Controlling the regrowth of microorganisms is one of the key means to guarantee the biological stability of the drinking water distribution system(DWDS).In this paper,the DWDS of a southern city as the research object,the effects of water transport distance,season,and particle number on the biological stability were discussed.The results show that there are mainly tyrosine-like and tryptophan-like(78.9%)substances in organic matter,and the type and concentration of organic matter do not change significantly with the increase of water transport distance.Heterotrophic plate count(HPC)shows a significant correlation with residual chlorine concentration(R=-0.31,P <0.001,n=120).Assimilable organic carbon(AOC),AOC-P17/AOC and AOCNOX/AOC showed seasonal variations,which may be caused by the seasonal change of microbial community structure.The particle sized 2～5μm accounted for 75.7% ～85.9% of the total number of particles,which is significantly correlated with HPC(R=0.20,P<0.05,n=120).Based on the long-term research of the actual DWDS,it is found through statistical analysis that UV_(254) and AOC showed good correlation(R=0.29,P<0.001,n=161).Therefore,AOC can be predicted by UV_(254),thus facilitating the monitoring and prediction of water quality of DWDS in the southern city.
Controlling the regrowth of microorganisms is one of the key means to guarantee the biological stability of the drinking water distribution system(DWDS).In this paper,the DWDS of a southern city as the research object,the effects of water transport distance,season,and particle number on the biological stability were discussed.The results show that there are mainly tyrosine-like and tryptophan-like(78.9%)substances in organic matter,and the type and concentration of organic matter do not change significantly with the increase of water transport distance.Heterotrophic plate count(HPC)shows a significant correlation with residual chlorine concentration(R=-0.31,P <0.001,n=120).Assimilable organic carbon(AOC),AOC-P17/AOC and AOCNOX/AOC showed seasonal variations,which may be caused by the seasonal change of microbial community structure.The particle sized 2～5μm accounted for 75.7% ～85.9% of the total number of particles,which is significantly correlated with HPC(R=0.20,P<0.05,n=120).Based on the long-term research of the actual DWDS,it is found through statistical analysis that UV_(254) and AOC showed good correlation(R=0.29,P<0.001,n=161).Therefore,AOC can be predicted by UV_(254),thus facilitating the monitoring and prediction of water quality of DWDS in the southern city.
引文
[1]Kooij D V D.Biological stability:a multidimensional quality aspect of treated water[J].Water,Air,and Soil Pollution,2000,123(1):25-34.
[2]Liu G,Verberk J,Van Dijk J.Bacteriology of drinking water distribution systems:an integral and multidimensional review[J].Applied microbiology and biotechnology,2013,97(21):9265-9276.
[3]Rittmann B E,Snoeyink V L.Achieving Biologically Stable Drinking Water[J].Journal,1984,76(10):106-114.
[4]乔春光,魏群山,王东升,等.典型南方水源溶解性有机物分子量分布变化及去除特性[J].环境科学学报,2007,27(2):195-200.
[5]林涛,陈卫,王磊磊.臭氧-生物活性炭对南方河网典型污染物的去除特性[J].环境科学,2009,30(5):1397-1401.
[6]Li F,Yuasa A,Ebie K,et al.Microcolumn test and model analysis of activated carbon adsorption of dissolved organic matter after precoagulation:effects of pH and pore size distribution[J].Journal of Colloid&Interface Science,2003,262(2):331-341.
[7]Prest E I,Hammes F,Van Loosdrecht M C,et al.Biological stability of drinking water:controlling factors,methods,and challenges[J].Frontiers in Microbiology,2016,7(45):45.
[8]华伟,张雪,张骏鹏,等.净水厂常规与深度处理工艺对饮用水生物稳定性控制研究[J].给水排水,2016,42(1):7-12.
[9]杨艳玲,李星,李圭白,等.饮用水生物稳定性控制指标探讨[J].给水排水,2005,31(2):12-16.
[10]Beardsley M L,Coffey J M.Bioaugmentation:optimizing biological wastewater treatment[J].Pollution Engineering,1985,17(12):30-33.
[11]Richardson R D H.A comparison of organic precursor and manganese removals from side-by-side,full scale anthracite and GAC biofilters[D].Durham:University of New Hampshire,2014.
[12]Kooij D V D.Assimilable organic carbon as an indicator of bacterial regrowth[J].Journal(American Water Works Association),1992,57-65.
[13]Van Der Kooij D.Biological stability:a multidimensional quality aspect of treated water[J].Water,Air,&Soil Pollution,2000,123(1):25-34.
[14]Liu W,Wu H,Wang Z,et al.Investigation of assimilable organic carbon(AOC)and bacterial regrowth in drinking water distribution system[J].Water research,2002,36(4):891-898.
[15]Vreeburg J H G,Schippers D,Verberk J Q J C,et al.Impact of particles on sediment accumulation in a drinking water distribution system[J].Water Research,2008,42(16):4233-4242.
[16]Douterelo I,Sharpe R L,Boxall J B.Influence of hydraulic regimes on bacterial community structure and composition in an experimental drinking water distribution system[J].Water Research,2013,47(2):503-516.
[17]Fabris R,Denman J,Braun K,et al.Surface analysis of pilot distribution system pipe autopsies:The relationship of organic and inorganic deposits to input water quality[J].Water Research,2015,87(6):202-210.
[18]Liu G,Lut M C,Verberk J Q,et al.A comparison of additional treatment processes to limit particle accumulation and microbial growth during drinking water distribution[J].Water Research,2013,47(8):2719-2728.
[19]Proctor C R,Hammes F.Drinking water microbiology-from measurement to management[J].Current opinion in biotechnology,2015,33:87-94.
[20]郑丹,刘文君,徐洪福.模拟配水管网中悬浮颗粒物对生物膜形成的影响[J].环境科学,2007,28(6):1236-1240.
[21]Liu G,Bakker G L,Li S,et al.Pyrosequencing reveals bacterial communities in unchlorinated drinking water distribution system:an integral study of bulk water,suspended solids,loose deposits,and pipe wall biofilm[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2014,48(10):5467-5476.
[22]Zacheus O M,Lehtola M J,Korhonen L K,et al.Soft deposits,the key site for microbial growth in drinking water distribution networks[J].Water Research,2001,35(7):1757-1765.
[23]Franson M A H.American public health association American water works association water environment federation[J].Methods,1995,6:84.
[24]Hammes F A,Egli T.New method for assimilable organic carbon determination using flow-cytometric enumeration and a natural microbial consortium as inoculum[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2005,39(9):3289-3294.
[25]王靖国,邹华,张强,等.太湖微囊藻毒素的时空分布特征[J].环境科学研究,2014,27(7):696-703.
[26]Mccoy S T,Vanbriesen J M.Comparing Spatial and Temporal Diversity of Bacteria in a Chlorinated Drinking Water Distribution System[J].Environmental Engineering Science,2014,31(1):32-41.
[27]Pinto A J,Schroeder J,Lunn M,et al.Spatial-temporal survey and occupancy-abundance modeling to predict bacterial community dynamics in the drinking water microbiome[J].Mbio,2014,5(3):01135-14.
[28]刘帅.模拟输配水管道中有机物与颗粒物的赋存关系研究[D].泉州;华侨大学,2016.
[29]Zhang J P,Li W Y,Wang F,et al.Exploring the biological stability situation of a full scale water distribution system in south China by three biological stability evaluation methods[J].Chemosphere,2016,161:43-52.
[2]Liu G,Verberk J,Van Dijk J.Bacteriology of drinking water distribution systems:an integral and multidimensional review[J].Applied microbiology and biotechnology,2013,97(21):9265-9276.
[3]Rittmann B E,Snoeyink V L.Achieving Biologically Stable Drinking Water[J].Journal,1984,76(10):106-114.
[4]乔春光,魏群山,王东升,等.典型南方水源溶解性有机物分子量分布变化及去除特性[J].环境科学学报,2007,27(2):195-200.
[5]林涛,陈卫,王磊磊.臭氧-生物活性炭对南方河网典型污染物的去除特性[J].环境科学,2009,30(5):1397-1401.
[6]Li F,Yuasa A,Ebie K,et al.Microcolumn test and model analysis of activated carbon adsorption of dissolved organic matter after precoagulation:effects of pH and pore size distribution[J].Journal of Colloid&Interface Science,2003,262(2):331-341.
[7]Prest E I,Hammes F,Van Loosdrecht M C,et al.Biological stability of drinking water:controlling factors,methods,and challenges[J].Frontiers in Microbiology,2016,7(45):45.
[8]华伟,张雪,张骏鹏,等.净水厂常规与深度处理工艺对饮用水生物稳定性控制研究[J].给水排水,2016,42(1):7-12.
[9]杨艳玲,李星,李圭白,等.饮用水生物稳定性控制指标探讨[J].给水排水,2005,31(2):12-16.
[10]Beardsley M L,Coffey J M.Bioaugmentation:optimizing biological wastewater treatment[J].Pollution Engineering,1985,17(12):30-33.
[11]Richardson R D H.A comparison of organic precursor and manganese removals from side-by-side,full scale anthracite and GAC biofilters[D].Durham:University of New Hampshire,2014.
[12]Kooij D V D.Assimilable organic carbon as an indicator of bacterial regrowth[J].Journal(American Water Works Association),1992,57-65.
[13]Van Der Kooij D.Biological stability:a multidimensional quality aspect of treated water[J].Water,Air,&Soil Pollution,2000,123(1):25-34.
[14]Liu W,Wu H,Wang Z,et al.Investigation of assimilable organic carbon(AOC)and bacterial regrowth in drinking water distribution system[J].Water research,2002,36(4):891-898.
[15]Vreeburg J H G,Schippers D,Verberk J Q J C,et al.Impact of particles on sediment accumulation in a drinking water distribution system[J].Water Research,2008,42(16):4233-4242.
[16]Douterelo I,Sharpe R L,Boxall J B.Influence of hydraulic regimes on bacterial community structure and composition in an experimental drinking water distribution system[J].Water Research,2013,47(2):503-516.
[17]Fabris R,Denman J,Braun K,et al.Surface analysis of pilot distribution system pipe autopsies:The relationship of organic and inorganic deposits to input water quality[J].Water Research,2015,87(6):202-210.
[18]Liu G,Lut M C,Verberk J Q,et al.A comparison of additional treatment processes to limit particle accumulation and microbial growth during drinking water distribution[J].Water Research,2013,47(8):2719-2728.
[19]Proctor C R,Hammes F.Drinking water microbiology-from measurement to management[J].Current opinion in biotechnology,2015,33:87-94.
[20]郑丹,刘文君,徐洪福.模拟配水管网中悬浮颗粒物对生物膜形成的影响[J].环境科学,2007,28(6):1236-1240.
[21]Liu G,Bakker G L,Li S,et al.Pyrosequencing reveals bacterial communities in unchlorinated drinking water distribution system:an integral study of bulk water,suspended solids,loose deposits,and pipe wall biofilm[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2014,48(10):5467-5476.
[22]Zacheus O M,Lehtola M J,Korhonen L K,et al.Soft deposits,the key site for microbial growth in drinking water distribution networks[J].Water Research,2001,35(7):1757-1765.
[23]Franson M A H.American public health association American water works association water environment federation[J].Methods,1995,6:84.
[24]Hammes F A,Egli T.New method for assimilable organic carbon determination using flow-cytometric enumeration and a natural microbial consortium as inoculum[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2005,39(9):3289-3294.
[25]王靖国,邹华,张强,等.太湖微囊藻毒素的时空分布特征[J].环境科学研究,2014,27(7):696-703.
[26]Mccoy S T,Vanbriesen J M.Comparing Spatial and Temporal Diversity of Bacteria in a Chlorinated Drinking Water Distribution System[J].Environmental Engineering Science,2014,31(1):32-41.
[27]Pinto A J,Schroeder J,Lunn M,et al.Spatial-temporal survey and occupancy-abundance modeling to predict bacterial community dynamics in the drinking water microbiome[J].Mbio,2014,5(3):01135-14.
[28]刘帅.模拟输配水管道中有机物与颗粒物的赋存关系研究[D].泉州;华侨大学,2016.
[29]Zhang J P,Li W Y,Wang F,et al.Exploring the biological stability situation of a full scale water distribution system in south China by three biological stability evaluation methods[J].Chemosphere,2016,161:43-52.