土壤消毒机蒸汽输送装置的设计与数值模拟
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摘要
土传病虫害严重制约了设施栽培的发展。蒸汽消毒相比于其他土壤消毒方法,具有诸多优点,其利用高温杀死土壤中的病虫草害,提高了土壤的通透性和排水性,且对环境无任何污染。为此,基于脉冲式土壤蒸汽消毒机的总体结构,重点对蒸汽输送装置的注射针头以及蒸汽罩盖、针头间距、针头数目等蒸汽盘关键结构参数进行了设计。利用Fluent软件对土壤传热模型进行了数值模拟,分析了注射针头周围土壤的温度分布云图。结果表明:持续施加蒸汽7min、停止通蒸汽35min后,在半径10cm内、深度21cm范围内,土壤的温度能保持在90℃以上,验证了蒸汽输送装置结构的合理性。
Soil borne diseases and pests seriously restrict the development of facilities cultivation. Compared with other soil disinfection methods,steam disinfection has many advantages. High temperature steam was used to kill the pests and grass in the soil,and the permeability and drainage of the soil was enhanced. This method has no pollution to the environment. Based on the overall structure of pulse type soil steam sterilizer,the key structural parameters of steam tray,such as syringe needle,steam cover and distance between needle and number of needle,were designed. The numerical simulation of soil heat transfer model was carried out by Fluent software. After applying the steam for 7 min,the temperature of the soil can be kept above 90 degrees C within the radius 10 cm and the depth of 21 cm. This study validates the rationality of the structure of the steam conveying device.
Soil borne diseases and pests seriously restrict the development of facilities cultivation. Compared with other soil disinfection methods,steam disinfection has many advantages. High temperature steam was used to kill the pests and grass in the soil,and the permeability and drainage of the soil was enhanced. This method has no pollution to the environment. Based on the overall structure of pulse type soil steam sterilizer,the key structural parameters of steam tray,such as syringe needle,steam cover and distance between needle and number of needle,were designed. The numerical simulation of soil heat transfer model was carried out by Fluent software. After applying the steam for 7 min,the temperature of the soil can be kept above 90 degrees C within the radius 10 cm and the depth of 21 cm. This study validates the rationality of the structure of the steam conveying device.
引文
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[3]吴祥,姚克兵,吉沐祥,等.句容地区草莓枯萎病病原菌的分离鉴定及田间防治[J].江苏农业学报,2015(4):764-770.
[4]Katan J.Soil solarization:the idea,the research and its de velopment[J].Phytoparasitica,2015,43(1):1-4.
[5]Zhang X,Lang D,Zhang E.Effects of Soil Sterilization on Growth of Angelica sinensis Plant and Soil Microbial Populations in a Continuous Mono-cropping Soil[J].International Journal of Agriculture and Biology,2016,18(2):458-463.
[6]王汉荣,方丽,王连平,等.土壤消毒药剂的筛选[J].浙江农业科学,2017(3):436-437.
[7]伍朝荣,黄飞,高阳,等.土壤生物消毒对土壤改良、青枯菌抑菌及番茄生长的影响[J].中国生态农业学报,2017,25(8):1173-1180.
[8]乔岩,董杰,王品舒,等.不同土壤消毒药剂对甘薯2种土传病害的防治效果[J].河南农业科学,2017(8):92-95.
[9]Raffaelli M,Martelloni L,Frasconi C,et al.A prototype band-steaming machine:Design and field application[J].Biosystems Engineering,2016,144:61-71.
[10]Miller T C,Samtani J B,Fennimore S A.Mixing steam with soil increases heating rate compared to steam applied to still soil[J].Crop Protection,2014,64:47-50.
[11]包应时,吴晓莲.设施园艺基质消毒设备的研制[J].农机化研究,2011,33(4):107-109.
[12]施印炎,李成光,汪小旵,等.可移动式土壤蒸汽消毒机的设计[J].中国农机化学报,2017(1):56-59.
[13]Thyageswaran S.Numerical modeling of pulse combustor tail pipe heat transfer[J].International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer,2004,47(12-13):2637-2651.
[14]Benali M,Legros R.Thermal Processing of Particulate Solids in a Gas-Fired Pulse Combustion System[J].Inernational ournal,2004,22(1-2):347-362.
[15]李保国,刘相东,曹崇文.脉动燃烧干燥及传热特性研究[J].农业工程学报,2000,16(6):11-14.
[16]庄德龙.Helmoholtz型无阀自激脉动燃烧器在油田加热炉中的应用研究[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学,2012.
[17]许林云,张昊天,张海锋,等.果园喷雾机自动对靶喷雾控制系统研制与试验[J].农业工程学报,2014(22):1-9.
[18]陈元生.设施园艺土壤消毒技术措施探讨[J].现代园艺,2010(1):21-22.