中国城市高年级小学生快餐行为现况
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摘要
目的了解中国四、五年级小学生快餐消费现状,为开展儿童营养教育及制定干预措施提供科学依据。方法采用多阶段分层随机整群抽样方法,从北京、广州、南京、重庆、济南、哈尔滨6个城市的72所小学抽取四、五年级小学生12197名作为研究对象,通过自填调查问卷的方法调查其快餐消费现状。结果小学生每周吃1.48次西式快餐与2.08次中式快餐,两者的消费频率分布差异有统计学意义(χ~2=643.86,P <0.05);吃中式快餐的主要原因前5位依次为好吃(73.8%)、有营养(69.9%)、干净卫生(52.2%)、方便(45.9%)、环境好(41.4%),吃西式快餐的主要原因前5位依次为好吃(80.1%)、环境好(53.0%)、方便(44.2%)、干净卫生(41.6%)、有营养(40.6%);男生更注重好吃与方便,女生更注重干净卫生与有营养(P值均<0.05);有43.9%的学生认识到西式快餐能量高,32.6%认为中式快餐能量较高。结论快餐消费已经成为学生常见的饮食行为。相关部门与学校应加强营养宣教,传播正确的营养知识,使学生养成良好的饮食习惯,减少高能量快餐的消费。
Objective To understand the status on fast food consumption among grade 4 and grade 5 primary school students in six cities of China, and to provide evidence for nutrition education and intervention strategies.Methods A multi-stage stratified cluster random sampling method was used to select 12197 grade 4 and grade 5 primary school students from 72 primary schools in Beijing, Guangzhou, Nanjing, Chongqing, Jinan and Harbin.All the participants were investigated with a self-administered questionnaire survey of dietary behaviors.Results Students consumed western fast food 1.48 times a week and Chinese fast food 2.08 times a week on average, which shows significant differences(χ~2= 643.86, P<0.05).The main reasons for choosing Chinese fast food were delicious(73.8%), nutritious(69.9%), safe and clean(52.2%), convenient(45.9%) and eating surrounding(41.4%), and for western fast food were delicious(80.1%), eating surrounding(53.0%), convenient(44.2%), safe and clean(41.6%) and nutritious(40.6%).Boys paid more attention to deliciousness and convenience, girls paid more attention to cleanliness and nutrition.About 43.9% of the students were aware of the high calorie in western fast food.Conclusion The consumption of fast food is popular among primary students.Schools and other relevant departments should launch nutrition education, deliver sufficient nutrition knowledge,help students establishing a good diet habit and reduce the consumption of western fast food with high calories.
Objective To understand the status on fast food consumption among grade 4 and grade 5 primary school students in six cities of China, and to provide evidence for nutrition education and intervention strategies.Methods A multi-stage stratified cluster random sampling method was used to select 12197 grade 4 and grade 5 primary school students from 72 primary schools in Beijing, Guangzhou, Nanjing, Chongqing, Jinan and Harbin.All the participants were investigated with a self-administered questionnaire survey of dietary behaviors.Results Students consumed western fast food 1.48 times a week and Chinese fast food 2.08 times a week on average, which shows significant differences(χ~2= 643.86, P<0.05).The main reasons for choosing Chinese fast food were delicious(73.8%), nutritious(69.9%), safe and clean(52.2%), convenient(45.9%) and eating surrounding(41.4%), and for western fast food were delicious(80.1%), eating surrounding(53.0%), convenient(44.2%), safe and clean(41.6%) and nutritious(40.6%).Boys paid more attention to deliciousness and convenience, girls paid more attention to cleanliness and nutrition.About 43.9% of the students were aware of the high calorie in western fast food.Conclusion The consumption of fast food is popular among primary students.Schools and other relevant departments should launch nutrition education, deliver sufficient nutrition knowledge,help students establishing a good diet habit and reduce the consumption of western fast food with high calories.
引文
[1]中华人民共和国商务部服务贸易和商贸服务业司.2015年中国餐饮行业发展报告[EB/OL].[2015-09-29].http://images.mofcom.gov.cn/fms/201509/20150929164526201.pdf,2015.
[2]中华人民共和国商务部服务贸易和商贸服务业司.2017年中国餐饮行业发展报告[EB/OL].[2017-08-24].http://images.mofcom.gov.cn/fms/201708/20170824160614543.pdf,2017.
[3]段一凡,张倩,潘慧,等.我国7城市中小学生中西式快餐消费行为比较[J].中国学校卫生,2015,36(11):1621-1623.
[4]ALTURKI H A,BROOKES D S K,DAVIES P S W.Comparative evidence of the consumption from fast-food restaurants between normalweight and obese Saudi schoolchildren[J].Public Health Nutr,2018,21(12):1-11.
[5]AL-MAHMOOD S M A,SHAMSUDDIN A H,SAUFI N A M,et al.Factors predicting paediatric obesity among primary school children in Kuantan[J].Inter J Care Scholars,2018,1(1):14-18.
[6]POTI J M,DUFFEY K J,POPKIN B M.The association of fast food consumption with poor dietary outcomes and obesity among children:is it the fast food or the remainder of the diet?[J].Am J Clin Nutr,2014,99(1):162-171.
[7]倪国华,郑风田.西式快餐、肥胖与公共健康危机:基于行为经济学偏好理论的实证分析[J].中国农村经济,2011(9):37-48.
[8]倪国华,郑风田.洋快餐对儿童健康的影响研究[J].中国软科学,2012(6):68-77.
[9]马冠生,李艳平,马文军,等.我国四城市儿童少年食用西式快餐频度和肥胖率关系的分析[J].营养学报,2004,26(6):486-489.
[10]马冠生,张倩,刘爱玲,等.4城市儿童少年西式快餐消费行为10年变化分析[J].中国健康教育,2011,27(12):887-889.
[11]LEE Y H,CHIANG T C,LIU C T,et al.Investigating adolescents’sweetened beverage consumption and Western fast food restaurant visits in China,2006-2011[J].Inter J Adoles Med Health,doi:10.1515/ijamh-2017-02-09.
[12]陈仁惇.世界三大膳食结构模式的比较[J].中国食物与营养,2002,8(3):50-51.
[13]游秀绫,郑惠美.台湾新竹市国中生摄取西式快餐行为及其相关因素研究[J].海峡预防医学杂志,2009,15(6):8-11.
[14]马抒琦,金捷,刘红.中、西式快餐中维生素含量调查[J].上海预防医学杂志,2002,11(9):416-417.
[15]李菁菁,刘静,李东,等.北京地区部分快餐营养状况调查[J].食品工业科技,2012,33(3):376-379.
[16]兰晓芳,赵朱雪子,周天怡,等.北京市海淀区部分快餐店套餐营养环境调查[J].中国食物与营养,2017,23(4):69-73.
[17]张胜康,周运东,曹丽平.长沙市中、日、西式快餐营养特点调查[J].湘南学院学报(医学版),2007,9(3):65-67.
[18]胡小琪,刘爱玲,李艳平,等.我国7城市中小学生西式快餐消费行为调查[J].中国健康教育,2009,25(9):654-656.
[19]单浩洋,吕雪,谢莎丽.中国儿童青少年肥胖危险因素研究进展[J].中国学校卫生,2015,36(3):476-478.
[20]武丹凤.家庭教育视角下学前儿童发展心理学应用与实践研究[J].知识经济,2018(4):130-132.
[2]中华人民共和国商务部服务贸易和商贸服务业司.2017年中国餐饮行业发展报告[EB/OL].[2017-08-24].http://images.mofcom.gov.cn/fms/201708/20170824160614543.pdf,2017.
[3]段一凡,张倩,潘慧,等.我国7城市中小学生中西式快餐消费行为比较[J].中国学校卫生,2015,36(11):1621-1623.
[4]ALTURKI H A,BROOKES D S K,DAVIES P S W.Comparative evidence of the consumption from fast-food restaurants between normalweight and obese Saudi schoolchildren[J].Public Health Nutr,2018,21(12):1-11.
[5]AL-MAHMOOD S M A,SHAMSUDDIN A H,SAUFI N A M,et al.Factors predicting paediatric obesity among primary school children in Kuantan[J].Inter J Care Scholars,2018,1(1):14-18.
[6]POTI J M,DUFFEY K J,POPKIN B M.The association of fast food consumption with poor dietary outcomes and obesity among children:is it the fast food or the remainder of the diet?[J].Am J Clin Nutr,2014,99(1):162-171.
[7]倪国华,郑风田.西式快餐、肥胖与公共健康危机:基于行为经济学偏好理论的实证分析[J].中国农村经济,2011(9):37-48.
[8]倪国华,郑风田.洋快餐对儿童健康的影响研究[J].中国软科学,2012(6):68-77.
[9]马冠生,李艳平,马文军,等.我国四城市儿童少年食用西式快餐频度和肥胖率关系的分析[J].营养学报,2004,26(6):486-489.
[10]马冠生,张倩,刘爱玲,等.4城市儿童少年西式快餐消费行为10年变化分析[J].中国健康教育,2011,27(12):887-889.
[11]LEE Y H,CHIANG T C,LIU C T,et al.Investigating adolescents’sweetened beverage consumption and Western fast food restaurant visits in China,2006-2011[J].Inter J Adoles Med Health,doi:10.1515/ijamh-2017-02-09.
[12]陈仁惇.世界三大膳食结构模式的比较[J].中国食物与营养,2002,8(3):50-51.
[13]游秀绫,郑惠美.台湾新竹市国中生摄取西式快餐行为及其相关因素研究[J].海峡预防医学杂志,2009,15(6):8-11.
[14]马抒琦,金捷,刘红.中、西式快餐中维生素含量调查[J].上海预防医学杂志,2002,11(9):416-417.
[15]李菁菁,刘静,李东,等.北京地区部分快餐营养状况调查[J].食品工业科技,2012,33(3):376-379.
[16]兰晓芳,赵朱雪子,周天怡,等.北京市海淀区部分快餐店套餐营养环境调查[J].中国食物与营养,2017,23(4):69-73.
[17]张胜康,周运东,曹丽平.长沙市中、日、西式快餐营养特点调查[J].湘南学院学报(医学版),2007,9(3):65-67.
[18]胡小琪,刘爱玲,李艳平,等.我国7城市中小学生西式快餐消费行为调查[J].中国健康教育,2009,25(9):654-656.
[19]单浩洋,吕雪,谢莎丽.中国儿童青少年肥胖危险因素研究进展[J].中国学校卫生,2015,36(3):476-478.
[20]武丹凤.家庭教育视角下学前儿童发展心理学应用与实践研究[J].知识经济,2018(4):130-132.