黑龙江4个地区鲁梅克斯新品种不同生长年限营养价值分析
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摘要
为增加黑龙江省高蛋白牧草的种类,引进了鲁梅克斯‘ЩавельЧемпион’(冠军酸模)新品种。本试验采用取样分析方法,对黑龙江省哈尔滨、逊克、嫩江、呼玛四个地区2～3年生冠军酸模牧草地上部分的营养指标进行了研究,探讨该品种不同生长年限对营养价值的影响。结果表明,该鲁梅克斯新品种叶簇期、抽茎期、开花期、结实期4个时期,粗蛋白(CP)、粗脂肪(EE)、粗灰分(Ash)、中性洗涤纤维(NDF)、酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)、钙(Ca)、磷(P)的含量均表现为3年生高于2年生;不同种植地对鲁梅克斯的营养成分积累也造成较大影响,如纬度较高,积温较低的呼玛地区营养成分积累远低于其他地区,逊克、嫩江等种植地鲁梅克斯中CP含量积累最高(P<0.05);逊克种植地ADF含量积累最低(P<0.05);嫩江种植地的鲁梅克斯的Ash含量积累最高(P<0.05)。由此可见,鲁梅克斯三年生地上部分的营养价值高于二年生,该牧草CP、ADF、Ash含量受年限和地域的影响较大;牧草的营养价值随着年限的延长呈增加的趋势,且存在地域差异性。
In order to increase the range of high-protein forage options in Heilongjiang Province, a new variety of sorrel, ‘Щавель Чемпион'(Rumex patientia×R. tianschanicus cv. Champion) was introduced. This study reports nutritional analyses of herbage from 2-3 year old stands sampled at key growth stages(rosette stage, stem elongation stage, flowering stage and fruiting stage) in Harbin, Xunke, Nenjiang and Huma regions of Helongjiang Province. It was found that the levels of crude protein(CP), crude fat(EE), crude ash(Ash), neutral detergent fiber(NDF), acid detergent fiber(ADF), Calcium(Ca) and Phosphorus(P) of ‘Щавель Чемпион' in 3 year old stands was higher than in 2 year old stands in all four sampled growth stages. Environmental conditions in different provincial regions also had a significant impact on the yield and nutritional status of the Rumex herbage. For example, yield accumulation in Huma is much lower than in other areas because of its higher latitude, and lower accumulated temperature. CP levels of Rumex in Xunke and Nenjiang were the highest(P<0.05). ADF content of Rumex grown in Xunke was the lowest(P<0.05), and the Ash content of Rumex planted in Nenjiang was the highest(P<0.05). To summarise, the content of CP, ADF and Ash in Rumex herbage varies with crop growth stage and region; the nutritional value of the herbage increased with stand age in this study.
In order to increase the range of high-protein forage options in Heilongjiang Province, a new variety of sorrel, ‘Щавель Чемпион'(Rumex patientia×R. tianschanicus cv. Champion) was introduced. This study reports nutritional analyses of herbage from 2-3 year old stands sampled at key growth stages(rosette stage, stem elongation stage, flowering stage and fruiting stage) in Harbin, Xunke, Nenjiang and Huma regions of Helongjiang Province. It was found that the levels of crude protein(CP), crude fat(EE), crude ash(Ash), neutral detergent fiber(NDF), acid detergent fiber(ADF), Calcium(Ca) and Phosphorus(P) of ‘Щавель Чемпион' in 3 year old stands was higher than in 2 year old stands in all four sampled growth stages. Environmental conditions in different provincial regions also had a significant impact on the yield and nutritional status of the Rumex herbage. For example, yield accumulation in Huma is much lower than in other areas because of its higher latitude, and lower accumulated temperature. CP levels of Rumex in Xunke and Nenjiang were the highest(P<0.05). ADF content of Rumex grown in Xunke was the lowest(P<0.05), and the Ash content of Rumex planted in Nenjiang was the highest(P<0.05). To summarise, the content of CP, ADF and Ash in Rumex herbage varies with crop growth stage and region; the nutritional value of the herbage increased with stand age in this study.
引文
[1]Zhang L, Liu Y Q, Wang Z X, et al. Salt effects on hybrid dock seed germination and seedling growth. Pratacultural Science, 2004, 21(5): 38-41. 张磊, 刘玉芹, 王震星, 等. 盐胁迫对杂交酸模种子发芽及幼苗生长的影响. 草业科学, 2004, 21(5): 38-41.
[2]Li Y J. Prospects on overall development and application of Rumex K-1. Acta Ecologiae Animalis Domastici, 2016, 37(12): 83-85.李玉娟. 鲁梅克斯K-1的综合开发利用前景. 家畜生态学报, 2016, 37(12):83-85.
[3]Xu R. Rumex—a new grass species that combines conservation of soil and water with the green industry. Soil and Water Conservation in China, 2000, 6(12): 33-35.徐锐. 鲁梅克斯——一种水土保持与绿色产业相结合的新草种. 中国水土保持, 2000, 6(12): 33-35.
[4]Lu X R. Rumex cultivation techniques. Pratacultural Science, 2006, 23(3): 63-65. 鲁喜荣. 鲁梅克斯的栽培技术. 草业科学, 2006, 23(3): 63-65.
[5]Ju X F, Zhang Y L, Yu K Y, et al. Study on genetic stability of Rumex patientia @ R. tianschanicus cv. Rumex K-1 generations. Journal of Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, 2013, 25(4): 25-28.鞠晓峰, 张玉玲, 于开源, 等. 鲁梅克斯K-1杂交酸模世代间遗传稳定性研究. 黑龙江八一农垦大学学报, 2013, 25(4): 25-28.
[6]Liu D H. Several varieties of forages suitable for planting in Heilongjiang Province. Heilongjiang Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, 2013, (10): 105-106.刘东华. 几种适合黑龙江省种植的牧草品种. 黑龙江畜牧兽医, 2013, (10): 105-106.
[7]He L B, Xu Y Q, Li F L, et al. Effects of salt stress on seed germination and seedling physiological characteristics of Rumex. Pratacultural Science, 2015, 32(3): 400-405.赫兰保, 徐永清, 李凤兰, 等. 盐胁迫对鲁梅克斯杂交酸模种子萌发及幼苗生理特性的影响. 草业科学, 2015, 32(3): 400-405.
[8]Li Y Q, Xu Y Q, Miao Y, et al. Study on antioxidant peptide activity and functional properties of Rumex leaf protein. Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2017, 38(2): 104-110. 李延琪, 徐永清, 苗宇, 等. 鲁梅克斯叶蛋白的抗氧化肽活性及功能性质研究. 食品工业科技, 2017, 38(2): 104-110.
[9]Zhou J, He L B, Xu Y Q, et al. Planting evaluation of new Rumex from Russia in Heilongjiang Province. Pratacultural Science, 2016, 33(9): 1801-1808.周晶, 赫兰保, 徐永清, 等. 俄罗斯引进鲁梅克斯新品种在黑龙江省的推广种植. 草业科学, 2016, 33(9): 1801-1808.
[10]Yang S. Nutritional indicators measurement methods//Feed analysis and quality test technology. Beijing: Beijing Agricultural University Press, 1994: 17-25.杨胜. 营养指标测定方法//饲料分析及饲料质量检测技术. 北京: 北京农业大学出版社, 1994: 17-25.
[11]Li G Y. The research on alfalfa planting saline-alkali areas of yellow river beach soil characteristics and forage quality. Xianyang: Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, 2016.李光艳. 黄河滩盐碱地苜蓿栽培区土壤特性及牧草品质变化研究. 咸阳: 西北农林科技大学, 2016.
[12]Chen Y, Zhen L, Luo F C, et al. Nutritional value analysis of King grass with different growth years. China Feed, 2005, (16): 30-31.陈勇, 甄莉, 罗富成, 等. 不同生长年限王草的营养价值研究. 中国饲料, 2005, (16): 30-31.
[13]Zhao N, Zhao G Q, Hu K Q, et al. Production performance and nutritive value comparison among red clover with different growth years. Acta Agrestia Sinica, 2011, 19(3): 468-472. 赵娜, 赵桂琴, 胡凯军, 等. 不同生长年限红三叶生产性能与营养价值比较. 草地学报, 2011, 19(3): 468-472.
[14]Zhang Q Q. Study on stablity of mix-sowed artificial grassland in different construction years at Zhaosu Horse Ranch. Urumchi: Xinjiang Agricultural University, 2010. 张强强. 昭苏马场不同建植年限混播人工草地稳定性研究. 乌鲁木齐: 新疆农业大学, 2010.
[15]Yang G Q, Guo D X, Jiang C Q, et al. Apparent digestible energy and nutrient apparent digestibility of millet straw for meat rabbits. Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition, 2012, 24(12): 2491-2497. 杨桂芹, 郭东新, 蒋超群, 等. 肉兔谷草表观消化能及营养物质表观消化率评定. 动物营养学报, 2012, 24(12): 2491-2497.
[16]Zhou H L, Li Q, Tang J, et al. The evaluation of nutrition value of several tropical forages in different areas of Hainan province. Pratacultural Science, 2006, 23(9): 41-44.周汉林, 李琼, 唐军, 等. 海南不同地区几种热带牧草的营养价值评定. 草业科学, 2006, 23(9): 41-44.
[17]Lei Y P, Meng H, Zhang L, et al. Analysis and detection of nutritional ingredients from different kinds of alfalfa. China Cattle Science, 2015, 41(3): 8-11.雷永鹏, 蒙昊, 张磊, 等. 不同来源干苜蓿营养成分测定与分析. 中国牛业科学, 2015, 41(3): 8-11.
[18]Sun W B, Ma H L, Hou X Y, et al. Comprehensive evaluation of production performance and nutritional value of 20 alfalfa cultivars in two ecological areas of Gansu Province. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2017, 26(3): 161-174.孙万斌, 马晖玲, 侯向阳, 等. 20个紫花苜蓿品种在甘肃两个地区的生产性能及营养价值综合评价. 草业学报, 2017, 26(3): 161-174.
[19]Ai D, Guo C H, Xu Y O, et al. Determination and analysis of fall forage nutrient contents at different altitudes and regions in Aba County, Sichuan Province. Pratacultural Science, 2011, 28(8): 1529-1532.艾丹, 郭春华, 徐亚欧, 等. 四川阿坝县不同地区与不同海拔秋季牧草营养成分分析. 草业科学, 2011, 28(8): 1529-1532.
[20]Dong C F, Ding C L, Xu N X, et al. Effects of crop growth stage and wilting time on the feeding and fermentation quality of Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum) silage. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2015, 24(6): 125-132. 董臣飞, 丁成龙, 许能祥, 等. 不同生育期和凋萎时间对多花黑麦草饲用和发酵品质的影响. 草业学报, 2015, 24(6): 125-132.
[21]Yu M, Zhong R Z, Zhou D W, et al. Nutrient components and Rumen degradability dynamics of Chloris virgata at different growth stages. Acta Agrestia Sinica, 2014, 22(1): 175-181.余苗, 钟荣珍, 周道玮, 等. 虎尾草不同生育期营养成分及其在瘤胃的降解规律. 草地学报, 2014, 22(1): 175-181.
[22]Chen G J, Song S D, Guo C H, et al. The nutritional value of reed canary grass at different growth stages, as determined by in vitro gas production and Cornell net carbohydrate and protein system methods. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2015, 24(9): 63-72.陈光吉, 宋善丹, 郭春华, 等. 利用体外产气法和CNCPS法对不同生育期虉草营养价值的评价研究. 草业学报, 2015, 24(9): 63-72.
[23]Li C F. Effects of growth stage and variety on nutritional value of alfalfa. Chinese Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Abstracts, 2015, (11): 212-213. 李春凤. 生育期与品种对紫花苜蓿营养价值的影响. 中国畜牧兽医文摘, 2015, (11): 212-213.
[24]Wei Y M, Yang F R, Liu W Y, et al. Regulation of nutrient accumulation and distribution in quinoa at different growth stages. Pratacultural Science, 2018, 35(7): 1720-1727.魏玉明, 杨发荣, 刘文瑜, 等. 藜麦不同生育期营养物质积累与分配规律. 草业科学, 2018, 35(7): 1720-1727.
[2]Li Y J. Prospects on overall development and application of Rumex K-1. Acta Ecologiae Animalis Domastici, 2016, 37(12): 83-85.李玉娟. 鲁梅克斯K-1的综合开发利用前景. 家畜生态学报, 2016, 37(12):83-85.
[3]Xu R. Rumex—a new grass species that combines conservation of soil and water with the green industry. Soil and Water Conservation in China, 2000, 6(12): 33-35.徐锐. 鲁梅克斯——一种水土保持与绿色产业相结合的新草种. 中国水土保持, 2000, 6(12): 33-35.
[4]Lu X R. Rumex cultivation techniques. Pratacultural Science, 2006, 23(3): 63-65. 鲁喜荣. 鲁梅克斯的栽培技术. 草业科学, 2006, 23(3): 63-65.
[5]Ju X F, Zhang Y L, Yu K Y, et al. Study on genetic stability of Rumex patientia @ R. tianschanicus cv. Rumex K-1 generations. Journal of Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, 2013, 25(4): 25-28.鞠晓峰, 张玉玲, 于开源, 等. 鲁梅克斯K-1杂交酸模世代间遗传稳定性研究. 黑龙江八一农垦大学学报, 2013, 25(4): 25-28.
[6]Liu D H. Several varieties of forages suitable for planting in Heilongjiang Province. Heilongjiang Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, 2013, (10): 105-106.刘东华. 几种适合黑龙江省种植的牧草品种. 黑龙江畜牧兽医, 2013, (10): 105-106.
[7]He L B, Xu Y Q, Li F L, et al. Effects of salt stress on seed germination and seedling physiological characteristics of Rumex. Pratacultural Science, 2015, 32(3): 400-405.赫兰保, 徐永清, 李凤兰, 等. 盐胁迫对鲁梅克斯杂交酸模种子萌发及幼苗生理特性的影响. 草业科学, 2015, 32(3): 400-405.
[8]Li Y Q, Xu Y Q, Miao Y, et al. Study on antioxidant peptide activity and functional properties of Rumex leaf protein. Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2017, 38(2): 104-110. 李延琪, 徐永清, 苗宇, 等. 鲁梅克斯叶蛋白的抗氧化肽活性及功能性质研究. 食品工业科技, 2017, 38(2): 104-110.
[9]Zhou J, He L B, Xu Y Q, et al. Planting evaluation of new Rumex from Russia in Heilongjiang Province. Pratacultural Science, 2016, 33(9): 1801-1808.周晶, 赫兰保, 徐永清, 等. 俄罗斯引进鲁梅克斯新品种在黑龙江省的推广种植. 草业科学, 2016, 33(9): 1801-1808.
[10]Yang S. Nutritional indicators measurement methods//Feed analysis and quality test technology. Beijing: Beijing Agricultural University Press, 1994: 17-25.杨胜. 营养指标测定方法//饲料分析及饲料质量检测技术. 北京: 北京农业大学出版社, 1994: 17-25.
[11]Li G Y. The research on alfalfa planting saline-alkali areas of yellow river beach soil characteristics and forage quality. Xianyang: Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, 2016.李光艳. 黄河滩盐碱地苜蓿栽培区土壤特性及牧草品质变化研究. 咸阳: 西北农林科技大学, 2016.
[12]Chen Y, Zhen L, Luo F C, et al. Nutritional value analysis of King grass with different growth years. China Feed, 2005, (16): 30-31.陈勇, 甄莉, 罗富成, 等. 不同生长年限王草的营养价值研究. 中国饲料, 2005, (16): 30-31.
[13]Zhao N, Zhao G Q, Hu K Q, et al. Production performance and nutritive value comparison among red clover with different growth years. Acta Agrestia Sinica, 2011, 19(3): 468-472. 赵娜, 赵桂琴, 胡凯军, 等. 不同生长年限红三叶生产性能与营养价值比较. 草地学报, 2011, 19(3): 468-472.
[14]Zhang Q Q. Study on stablity of mix-sowed artificial grassland in different construction years at Zhaosu Horse Ranch. Urumchi: Xinjiang Agricultural University, 2010. 张强强. 昭苏马场不同建植年限混播人工草地稳定性研究. 乌鲁木齐: 新疆农业大学, 2010.
[15]Yang G Q, Guo D X, Jiang C Q, et al. Apparent digestible energy and nutrient apparent digestibility of millet straw for meat rabbits. Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition, 2012, 24(12): 2491-2497. 杨桂芹, 郭东新, 蒋超群, 等. 肉兔谷草表观消化能及营养物质表观消化率评定. 动物营养学报, 2012, 24(12): 2491-2497.
[16]Zhou H L, Li Q, Tang J, et al. The evaluation of nutrition value of several tropical forages in different areas of Hainan province. Pratacultural Science, 2006, 23(9): 41-44.周汉林, 李琼, 唐军, 等. 海南不同地区几种热带牧草的营养价值评定. 草业科学, 2006, 23(9): 41-44.
[17]Lei Y P, Meng H, Zhang L, et al. Analysis and detection of nutritional ingredients from different kinds of alfalfa. China Cattle Science, 2015, 41(3): 8-11.雷永鹏, 蒙昊, 张磊, 等. 不同来源干苜蓿营养成分测定与分析. 中国牛业科学, 2015, 41(3): 8-11.
[18]Sun W B, Ma H L, Hou X Y, et al. Comprehensive evaluation of production performance and nutritional value of 20 alfalfa cultivars in two ecological areas of Gansu Province. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2017, 26(3): 161-174.孙万斌, 马晖玲, 侯向阳, 等. 20个紫花苜蓿品种在甘肃两个地区的生产性能及营养价值综合评价. 草业学报, 2017, 26(3): 161-174.
[19]Ai D, Guo C H, Xu Y O, et al. Determination and analysis of fall forage nutrient contents at different altitudes and regions in Aba County, Sichuan Province. Pratacultural Science, 2011, 28(8): 1529-1532.艾丹, 郭春华, 徐亚欧, 等. 四川阿坝县不同地区与不同海拔秋季牧草营养成分分析. 草业科学, 2011, 28(8): 1529-1532.
[20]Dong C F, Ding C L, Xu N X, et al. Effects of crop growth stage and wilting time on the feeding and fermentation quality of Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum) silage. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2015, 24(6): 125-132. 董臣飞, 丁成龙, 许能祥, 等. 不同生育期和凋萎时间对多花黑麦草饲用和发酵品质的影响. 草业学报, 2015, 24(6): 125-132.
[21]Yu M, Zhong R Z, Zhou D W, et al. Nutrient components and Rumen degradability dynamics of Chloris virgata at different growth stages. Acta Agrestia Sinica, 2014, 22(1): 175-181.余苗, 钟荣珍, 周道玮, 等. 虎尾草不同生育期营养成分及其在瘤胃的降解规律. 草地学报, 2014, 22(1): 175-181.
[22]Chen G J, Song S D, Guo C H, et al. The nutritional value of reed canary grass at different growth stages, as determined by in vitro gas production and Cornell net carbohydrate and protein system methods. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2015, 24(9): 63-72.陈光吉, 宋善丹, 郭春华, 等. 利用体外产气法和CNCPS法对不同生育期虉草营养价值的评价研究. 草业学报, 2015, 24(9): 63-72.
[23]Li C F. Effects of growth stage and variety on nutritional value of alfalfa. Chinese Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Abstracts, 2015, (11): 212-213. 李春凤. 生育期与品种对紫花苜蓿营养价值的影响. 中国畜牧兽医文摘, 2015, (11): 212-213.
[24]Wei Y M, Yang F R, Liu W Y, et al. Regulation of nutrient accumulation and distribution in quinoa at different growth stages. Pratacultural Science, 2018, 35(7): 1720-1727.魏玉明, 杨发荣, 刘文瑜, 等. 藜麦不同生育期营养物质积累与分配规律. 草业科学, 2018, 35(7): 1720-1727.