国家高新区企业创新发展效应再认识——来自张江示范区的实证研究
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摘要
高新区作为有效带动区域经济发展的一类政策工具,受到决策者青睐。国家高新区对我国高技术产业乃至区域创新驱动发展的作用已获得各界共识,但关于其对企业创新发展绩效影响的研究尚不多见。以上海张江示范区为例,按照园区注册企业是否在园区内经营进行分类,从企业和园区两个层面选取变量进行实证分析。结果表明,张江示范区发展存在着只有"高新"而没有"园区"的情况,是否在园区内经营对企业创新发展没有显著影响,园区经营企业甚至在新产品方面表现更逊,企业创新显著受到园区创新政策的影响。国家高新区在发挥优惠政策激励的同时,更需要聚焦于科技成果转化,不断优化创业孵化链条、提升研究机构对区域创新的贡献度、加强园区产学研合作紧密度、建立科学的高新区考评机制,以引导园区健康发展。
As a useful policy tool which can promote the development of regional economic,high-tech park is popular among many policy makers.Chinese national high-tech park is set up to promote independent innovation ability and high technology industry.It plays an important role in leading regional innovation development and improve the relevant systems.In order to evaluate its influence on the firms' innovation performance,we use the variables form both firm-level and park-level of ZhangJiang.We classify enterprises according to whether they operate in the park.The results show that Chinese national high-tech zone only has only'high-tech',but not'park',that is to say whether running business in park or not has no obvious effect on the firms' innovation performance,the firms operated in park even shows worse in new products than those only registered,firms' innovation strongly shaped by park's policy.In the future,China's national high-tech parks still need to pay more attention on the transformation of scientific and technological achievements,optimizing business incubation chain,improving the contribution of regional innovation research,enhance the park tightness of "industry-university-institute" cooperation,establish a more scientific evaluation mechanism of high-tech zone,and guide the healthy development of the park.
As a useful policy tool which can promote the development of regional economic,high-tech park is popular among many policy makers.Chinese national high-tech park is set up to promote independent innovation ability and high technology industry.It plays an important role in leading regional innovation development and improve the relevant systems.In order to evaluate its influence on the firms' innovation performance,we use the variables form both firm-level and park-level of ZhangJiang.We classify enterprises according to whether they operate in the park.The results show that Chinese national high-tech zone only has only'high-tech',but not'park',that is to say whether running business in park or not has no obvious effect on the firms' innovation performance,the firms operated in park even shows worse in new products than those only registered,firms' innovation strongly shaped by park's policy.In the future,China's national high-tech parks still need to pay more attention on the transformation of scientific and technological achievements,optimizing business incubation chain,improving the contribution of regional innovation research,enhance the park tightness of "industry-university-institute" cooperation,establish a more scientific evaluation mechanism of high-tech zone,and guide the healthy development of the park.
引文
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[3]谢子远.国家高新区集聚效应实证研究[J].科研管理,2014,35(5):138-144.
[4]SAXENIAN A.Regional advantage:culture and competition in Silicon Valley and Route 128[M].Harvard University Press,1996.
[5]AUDRETSCH D B,FELDMAN M P.R&D Spillovers and the geography of innovation and production[J].American Economic Review,2015,86(3):630-40.
[6]BROEKEL T,BOSCHMA R.The cognitive and geographical composition of ego-networks of firms-and how they impact on their innovation performance[R].Utrecht University,Section of Economic Geography,2011.
[7]ALDIERI L.Technological and geographical proximity effects on knowledge spillovers:evidence from the US patent citations[J].Economics of Innovation and New Technology,2011,20(6):597-607.
[8]BALCONI M,BRESCHI S,LISSONI F.Networks of inventors and the role of academia:an exploration of Italian patent data[J].Research Policy,2004,33(1):127-145.
[9]李琳,王晓峰.地理邻近与认知邻近对高新区创新绩效的影响---基于社会网络分析[J].华东经济管理,2014(11):32-37.
[10]邓渝,邵云飞.多层次创新网络协同治理研究:结构、机制与知识收益[J].科技进步与对策,2015,32(20):18-22.
[11]约瑟夫·熊彼特.经济发展理论[M].何畏,等,译.北京:商务印书馆,1990.
[12]蔡莉,彭秀青,Satish,等.创业生态系统研究回顾与展望[J].吉林大学社会科学学报,2016(1):5-16.
[13]滕堂伟.创业生态系统研究的知识基础与前沿重点[J].管理世界,2017(9):184-185.
[14]赵黎明,辛长爽,佘震宇.科技园区可持续发展及其评价体系研究[J].西北农林科技大学学报:社会科学版,2001,1(4):52-56.
[15]刘会武.国家高新区30年:评价指标演变及新的指引方向[J].科技中国,2018(9):78-82.
[16]滕堂伟.国家高新区转型发展新路径研究---世界一流科学园视角[J].科技进步与对策,2013,30(5):31-36.
[17]盛明科.长株潭区域自主创新绩效综合测评实证研究---与三个国家级自主创新示范区的比较[J].湘潭大学学报:哲学社会科学版,2017,41(1):61-66.
[18]张利斌,刘龙飞,李春萍.企业自主创新能力和高新区经济发展关系研究---以武汉东湖国家自主创新示范区为例[J].科技与经济,2012,25(3):41-45.
[19]贺明,夏恩君,刘伊雯.基于DEA方法的中关村科技园区创新能力评价分析[J].科技进步与对策,2010,27(9):106-109.
[20]牛方曲,刘卫东,刘志高.中国区域公立科技创新资源与经济发展水平相关性分析[J].经济地理,2011,31(4):541-547.