新建格库铁路挡沙堤阻沙机理研究
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摘要
文中基于FLUENT有限元软件,对挡沙堤周围流场和沙粒运动轨迹进行数值模拟。结果表明:当风沙流流经挡沙堤时,会在挡沙堤周围形成堤前减速区,集流加速区,高速区,背风低速区和速度恢复区;在气流速度恢复过程中,不同高度的气流层(某一高度处的气流)速度恢复到稳定值所需要的距离不同,气流层所处高度越大,经过挡沙堤后,恢复到初始速度所需的距离越小;随着初始风速的增大,挡沙堤有效防护距离在减小。通过不同风速下挡沙堤周围流场分析,1.5m高挡沙堤有效防护距离为12～20m,在有效防护距离之外,需要设置截沙沟来增强拦截效率;利用DPM模拟了沙粒运动轨迹,沙粒落点在10H左右的位置。综合流场分析和DPM模拟结果,推荐截沙沟的设置距离为8H～12H,可为现场施工提供一定理论支撑。
Based on the FLUENT software, the flow fields of sand blocking embankment and sand movement track through the sand blocking embankment were simulated numerically. The results show that: when wind and sand flow passed through the sand blocking embankment, deceleration zone in front of the sand blocking embankment, air flow accelerated zone, high speed zone, leeward low speed zone and speed recovery area were formed around the sand barrier. During the speed recovery process, the airflows at different altitudes required different distances to recover to a stable value. The higher the height of the airflow,the smaller horizontal distance of recovery was required. With the increase of initial wind speed, the effective protection distance of sand blocking embankment was decreasing. Through the analysis of the flow field around the sand blocking embankment under different wind speeds, the effective protection distance of 1.5 m sand blocking embankment was 12～20 m; outside the protective distance, the sand cutting ditch needed to be set up to enhance the interception efficiency. Sand movement track was simulated using DPM model, and the drop position of sand was 10 H after the sand blocking embankment. Combined the flow field analysis and DPM model results, it was recommended that the sand cutting ditch should be away from the sand blocking embankment 8 H～12 H, which can provide some theoretical support for site construction.
Based on the FLUENT software, the flow fields of sand blocking embankment and sand movement track through the sand blocking embankment were simulated numerically. The results show that: when wind and sand flow passed through the sand blocking embankment, deceleration zone in front of the sand blocking embankment, air flow accelerated zone, high speed zone, leeward low speed zone and speed recovery area were formed around the sand barrier. During the speed recovery process, the airflows at different altitudes required different distances to recover to a stable value. The higher the height of the airflow,the smaller horizontal distance of recovery was required. With the increase of initial wind speed, the effective protection distance of sand blocking embankment was decreasing. Through the analysis of the flow field around the sand blocking embankment under different wind speeds, the effective protection distance of 1.5 m sand blocking embankment was 12～20 m; outside the protective distance, the sand cutting ditch needed to be set up to enhance the interception efficiency. Sand movement track was simulated using DPM model, and the drop position of sand was 10 H after the sand blocking embankment. Combined the flow field analysis and DPM model results, it was recommended that the sand cutting ditch should be away from the sand blocking embankment 8 H～12 H, which can provide some theoretical support for site construction.
引文
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[3]谢胜波,屈建军.青藏铁路主要沙害路段治理技术及成效[J].干旱区资源与环境,2014,28(7):105-110.
[4]刘世海,冯玲正,许兆义.青藏铁路格拉段高立式沙障防风固沙效果研究[J].铁道学报,2010,32(1):133-136.
[5]屈建军,凌裕泉,俎瑞平,张克存.半隐蔽格状沙障的综合防护效益观测研究[J].中国沙漠,2005,25(3):329-335.
[6]汪言在,伍永秋,苟诗薇.塔克拉玛干沙漠中部地区两类半隐蔽格状沙障内部沉积粒度特征浅析[J].中国沙漠,2009,29(6):1056-1062.
[7]李建国,屈建军,李芳,安志山,韩庆杰,牛清河,李国帅,谭立海.不同类型防沙堤流场的风洞实验模拟研究[J].中国沙漠,2012,32(2):291-299.
[8]McClure S, Kim J J, Lee S J, et al. Shelter effects of porous multi-scale fractal fences[J].Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics,2017,163:6-14.
[9]Zaghloul N A. Sand accumulation around porous fences[J].Environmental Modelling and Software,1997,12(2):113-134.
[10]韩庆杰,屈建军,廖空太,朱淑娟,董治宝,张克存,俎瑞平.海岸湿沙表面风沙传输特征的风洞实验研究[J].中国沙漠,2012,32(6):1512-1521.
[11]屈建军,井哲帆,张克存,等.HDPE蜂巢式固沙障研制与防沙效应实验研究[J].中国沙漠,2008,28(4):599-604.
[12]何艺峰,王志强,富宝锋,张永浩,马应明.混合沙跃移运动数值模拟[J].干旱区资源与环境,2014,28(1):49-54.
[13]Bruno L, Fransos D, Giudice A L. Solid barriers for windblown sand mitigation: Aerodynamic behavior and conceptual design guidelines[J]Journal of WindEngineering and Industrial Aerodynamics,2018,173:79-90.
[14]郭毅,李荫堂,李军.非均匀沙风沙运动悬移层数值模拟[J].干旱区资源与环境,2004,18(4):34-38.
[15]石龙,李凯崇,蒋富强,薛春晓,孔令伟.铁路沿线挡沙堤设计参数优化分析[J].铁道建筑,2017,57(9):119-123.
[16]李凯崇,刘贺业,蒋富强,薛春晓,郝晓杰.斜插板挡沙墙风沙防治现场试验研究[J].中国铁道科学,2013,34(2):46-51.
[17]富宝锋,王志强,何艺峰,等.沙粒在复合型阻沙措施附近沉积特性数值模拟[J].环境科学与技术,2013,36(S1):438-440.
[18]张军平,王引生,蒋富强.兰新铁路戈壁地区路基周围风沙流运动特征数值分析[J].中国铁道科学,2011,32(4):14-18.
[19]王训明,董治宝,屈建军,赵爱国.塔克拉玛干沙漠简单线形沙丘形态动力学过程研究[J].中国沙漠,2003,23(3):51-56.
[20]张正偲,董治宝.风沙地貌形态动力学研究进展[J].地球科学进展,2014,29(6):734-747.
[21]龚昌财. 风沙起动规律的研究[D].兰州:兰州大学,2010.