湖南茶陵县域生态空间网络稳定性识别与重构策略
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摘要
县域是国土空间规划与管理的基本单元,针对县域生态空间网络的识别与重构是空间优化的重要途径,对生态保护红线划定具有积极作用,但现有空间网络分析的方法论明显滞后。以典型丘陵山区县湖南茶陵县生态空间网络构建和识别为基础,运用鲁棒性分析法表达生态系统受特定干扰后的变化特征,进行节点重要度评价和网络稳定性分析。结果表明:节点重要度和数量是判定网络稳定性的关键因子,该类节点数量占5%左右且多位于茶陵县域罗霄山片区,对应景观类型多为林地,其次为水域和草地、园地等生态用地;生态空间网络稳定性变化值均表现出与节点数量的高度一致,网络节点失效比率高于92%时将完全瘫痪,低于20%可恢复稳定;以人类活动干扰为主的蓄意破坏情景中连通鲁棒性变化更为敏感,对网络连通性影响较大;依据重要节点分布及稳定性判断结果,结合生态保护红线划定方案,提出区域生态保护的差异化管理和生态空间网络重构建议。研究既为县域生态空间规划和生态保护红线管控提供有效支撑,也为类似区域生态空间网络研究提供了案例借鉴。
County is the basic unit of land space planning and management research. The identification and reconstruction of county ecological space network, an important way of space optimization, plays a positive role in the demarcation of ecological protection red line.However, the methodology of spatial network analysis is stagnant. Based on the construction and identification of the ecological space network in typical hilly areas and counties, this study expresses the characteristics of change brought about by specific disturbance with robustness analysis method, analyzes node importance degree, and evaluates network stability. The results show that nodes with high importance play a key role in maintaining the stability of ecological space network. The number of such nodes accounts for about 5% and most of them are located in the area of Luoxiao Mountain in Chaling county, and corresponding with woodland, water and grassland, garden and other ecological land landscape. The change value of the stability of the ecological space network is highly consistent with the number of nodes. When the failure rate of the network node is higher than 92%, it will be completely paralyzed; when the failure rate is lower than 20%, the stability can be restored. The change of connectivity robustness is more sensitive in the scenario of sabotage which is dominated by interference of human activities. Based on the distribution of important nodes and the judgment results of stability,combined with the red line demarcation scheme of ecological protection, this paper puts forward suggestions on the differentiated management of regional ecological protection and the reconstruction of ecological space network. The study not only provides effective support for county ecological space planning and ecological protection red line control, but also provides case reference for similar regional ecological space network research.
County is the basic unit of land space planning and management research. The identification and reconstruction of county ecological space network, an important way of space optimization, plays a positive role in the demarcation of ecological protection red line.However, the methodology of spatial network analysis is stagnant. Based on the construction and identification of the ecological space network in typical hilly areas and counties, this study expresses the characteristics of change brought about by specific disturbance with robustness analysis method, analyzes node importance degree, and evaluates network stability. The results show that nodes with high importance play a key role in maintaining the stability of ecological space network. The number of such nodes accounts for about 5% and most of them are located in the area of Luoxiao Mountain in Chaling county, and corresponding with woodland, water and grassland, garden and other ecological land landscape. The change value of the stability of the ecological space network is highly consistent with the number of nodes. When the failure rate of the network node is higher than 92%, it will be completely paralyzed; when the failure rate is lower than 20%, the stability can be restored. The change of connectivity robustness is more sensitive in the scenario of sabotage which is dominated by interference of human activities. Based on the distribution of important nodes and the judgment results of stability,combined with the red line demarcation scheme of ecological protection, this paper puts forward suggestions on the differentiated management of regional ecological protection and the reconstruction of ecological space network. The study not only provides effective support for county ecological space planning and ecological protection red line control, but also provides case reference for similar regional ecological space network research.
引文
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[13] Zhang Jin. Structural characteristic studies of urban rail transit network[D]. Beijing:Beijing Jiaotong University, 2014.[张晋.城市轨道交通线网结构特性研究[D].北京:北京交通大学, 2014.]
[14] Zhao Guofeng, Yuan Shaowei, Ci Yusheng. Analysis of complex network property and robustness of urban road network. Journal of Highway and Transportation Research and Development, 2016(1):119-124.[赵国锋,苑少伟,慈玉生.城市路网的复杂网络特性和鲁棒性研究.公路交通科技, 2016(1):119-124.]
[15] Li Yimin, Li Xin, Hua Jing. Ecological system stability and diversity based on complex networks. Chinese Journal of Ecology, 2014(6):1700-1706.[李医民,李鑫,华静.基于复杂网络的生态系统稳定性与生态多样性.生态学杂志,2014(6):1700-1706.]
[16] Wang Qingang. Research of robustness evaluation on ecological environmental system in Shengli oilfield[D]. Dongying:Shandong:China University of Petroleum, 2014.[王钦刚.胜利油田生态环境系统鲁棒性评价研究[D].东营:中国石油大学(华东), 2014.]
[17] Yu Q, Yue D P, Wang Y H, et al. Optimization of ecological node layout and stability analysis of ecological network in desert oasis:A typical case study of ecological fragile zone located at Deng Kou County(Inner Mongolia). Ecological Indicators, 2018, 84:304-318.
[18] Xu Wenwen, Sun Xiang, Zhu Xiaodong, et al. Recognition of important ecological nodes based on ecological networks analysis:A case study of urban district of Nanjing. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2012, 32(4):1264-1272.[许文雯,孙翔,朱晓东,等.基于生态网络分析的南京主城区重要生态斑块识别.生态学报, 2012, 32(4):1264-1272.]
[19] Newman M E J. A measure of betweenness centrality based on random walks. Social Networks, 2005, 27(1):39-54.
[20] Jie Jing. Study of robustness in the world. Journal of Systems Engineering, 2005, 20(2):153-159.[接婧.国际学术界对鲁棒性的研究.系统工程学报, 2005, 20(2):153-159.]
[21] Zhou Xuan, Zhang Fengming, Zhou Weiping, et al. Evaluating complex network functional robustness by node efficiency. Acta Physica Sinica, 2012, 61(19):1-7.[周漩,张凤鸣,周卫平,等.利用节点效率评估复杂网络功能鲁棒性.物理学报, 2012, 61(19):1-7.]
[22] Zhang Rui. The network topology strocture of ecological with sustainability[D]. Zhenjiang:Jiangsu University, 2016.[张端.具有持续性生态系统的网络拓扑结构[D].镇江:江苏大学, 2016.]
[23] Wu Jiang, Wang Dong. Analysis on vulnerability of WSNs energy based oncomplex networks. Transducer and Microsystem Technologies, 2014(5):24-26.[吴蒋,王冬.基于复杂网络的无线传感器网络能量脆弱性分析.传感器与微系统, 2014(5):24-26.]
[24] Wang Yunqin. Research on connectivity reliability of urban transit network based on theory of complex network[D].Beijing:Beijing Jiaotong University, 2008.[王云琴.基于复杂网络理论的城市轨道交通网络连通可靠性研究[D].北京:北京交通大学, 2008.]
[25] Qiang Qiang, Recent development on the research of network vulnerability and robustness. Journal of University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, 2011(3):287-291.[强强.网络脆弱性以及鲁棒性理论的近期研究发展.上海理工大学学报, 2011(3):287-291.]
[26] Lei Zhendong. Conform and Restructure:Transformation of Rural Settlements in the Guanzhong Area. Nanjing:Southeast University Press, 2009.[雷振东.整合与重构:关中乡村聚落转型研究.南京:东南大学出版社, 2009.]
[27] Liu Xueming. Research on the robustness and controllability of complex network[D]. Wuhan:Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 2016.[刘雪明.复杂网络的鲁棒性和可控性研究[D].武汉:华中科技大学, 2016.]
[28] Babu S, Yadav G. Robustness through regime flips in collapsing ecological networks. Complex Networks and Their Applications VII, Cambridge United Kingdom, 2018:841-853.
[2] Montis A D, Ganciu A, Cabras M, et al. Comparative ecological network analysis:An application to Italy. Land Use Policy, 2019, 81(2):714-724.
[3] Liu Xin, Jiao Yuanmei, Wang Mei, et al. Evaluation of key nodes and corridors of river and canal network in Hani Rice Terraces based on graph theory. Chinese Journal of Ecology, 2018(1):287-294.[刘歆,角媛梅,王梅,等.基于图论的哈尼梯田区河渠网络关键节点和廊道评价.生态学杂志, 2018(1):287-294.]
[4] Yue Depeng, Wang Jiping, Liu Yongbin, et al. Landscape pattern optimization based on RS and GIS in northwest of Beijing. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2007, 62(11):1223-1231.[岳德鹏,王计平,刘永兵,等. GIS与RS技术支持下的北京西北地区景观格局优化.地理学报, 2007, 62(11):1223-1231.]
[5] Yu Qiang, Yue Depeng, Zhang Qibin, et al. The evolution of landscape pattern and the construction of ecological infrastructure network in Dengkou, Inner Mongolia, China. Journal of Desert Research, 2017, 37(3):601-609.[于强,岳德鹏,张启斌,等.磴口县景观格局演变特征及生态网络构建.中国沙漠, 2017, 37(3):601-609.]
[6] Fu Qiang, Gu Chaolin. Delineation of ecological security pattern based on ecological network. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2017, 28(3):1021-1029.[傅强,顾朝林.基于生态网络的生态安全格局评价.应用生态学报, 2017,28(3):1021-1029.]
[7] Lv Dong, Wang Yuncai, Peng Zhenwei. The study on the ecological network planning of rapid urbanization areas based on the suitability assessment:A case study of Changbai Korean Autonomous county. Landscape Architecture, 2013(2):54-59.[吕东,王云才,彭震伟.基于适宜性评价的快速城市化地区生太网络格局规划:以吉林长白朝鲜族自治县为例.风景园林, 2013(2):54-59.]
[8] Xu Feng, Yin Haiwei, Kong Fanhua, et al. Developing ecological networks based on mspa and the least-cost path method:A case study in Bazhong Western New District. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2015, 35(19):6425-6434.[许峰,尹海伟,孔繁花,等.基于MSPA与最小路径方法的巴中西部新城生态网络构建.生态学报, 2015, 35(19):6425-6434.]
[9] Fu Qiang, Gu Chaolin. Evaluation of the structural elements of Qingdao ecological network based on the CL-PIOP method. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2017, 37(5):1729-1739.[傅强,顾朝林.基于CL-PIOP方法的青岛市生态网络结构要素评价.生态学报, 2017, 37(5):1729-1739.]
[10] Bollobás B, Riordan O. Robustness and vulnerability of scale free random qraphs. Internet Mathematics, 2004, 1(1):1-35.
[11] He Zheng, Zhang Xiaojun. Robustness and fragility of Innovation diffusion networks within an industry cluster. Journal of Systems&Management, 2011, 20(6):682-689.[何铮,张晓军.集群创新扩散的鲁棒性和脆弱性.系统管理学报,2011, 20(6):682-689.]
[12] Duan Houli, Li Zhiheng, Zhang Yi. Coordinated developmentof traffic between central cityand new urban districtsand corresponding evaluation. Journal of South China University of Technology(Natural Science Edition), 2010(3):70-75.[段后利,李志恒,张毅.城市公交网络的鲁棒性分析模型.华南理工大学学报(自然科学版), 2010(3):70-75.]
[13] Zhang Jin. Structural characteristic studies of urban rail transit network[D]. Beijing:Beijing Jiaotong University, 2014.[张晋.城市轨道交通线网结构特性研究[D].北京:北京交通大学, 2014.]
[14] Zhao Guofeng, Yuan Shaowei, Ci Yusheng. Analysis of complex network property and robustness of urban road network. Journal of Highway and Transportation Research and Development, 2016(1):119-124.[赵国锋,苑少伟,慈玉生.城市路网的复杂网络特性和鲁棒性研究.公路交通科技, 2016(1):119-124.]
[15] Li Yimin, Li Xin, Hua Jing. Ecological system stability and diversity based on complex networks. Chinese Journal of Ecology, 2014(6):1700-1706.[李医民,李鑫,华静.基于复杂网络的生态系统稳定性与生态多样性.生态学杂志,2014(6):1700-1706.]
[16] Wang Qingang. Research of robustness evaluation on ecological environmental system in Shengli oilfield[D]. Dongying:Shandong:China University of Petroleum, 2014.[王钦刚.胜利油田生态环境系统鲁棒性评价研究[D].东营:中国石油大学(华东), 2014.]
[17] Yu Q, Yue D P, Wang Y H, et al. Optimization of ecological node layout and stability analysis of ecological network in desert oasis:A typical case study of ecological fragile zone located at Deng Kou County(Inner Mongolia). Ecological Indicators, 2018, 84:304-318.
[18] Xu Wenwen, Sun Xiang, Zhu Xiaodong, et al. Recognition of important ecological nodes based on ecological networks analysis:A case study of urban district of Nanjing. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2012, 32(4):1264-1272.[许文雯,孙翔,朱晓东,等.基于生态网络分析的南京主城区重要生态斑块识别.生态学报, 2012, 32(4):1264-1272.]
[19] Newman M E J. A measure of betweenness centrality based on random walks. Social Networks, 2005, 27(1):39-54.
[20] Jie Jing. Study of robustness in the world. Journal of Systems Engineering, 2005, 20(2):153-159.[接婧.国际学术界对鲁棒性的研究.系统工程学报, 2005, 20(2):153-159.]
[21] Zhou Xuan, Zhang Fengming, Zhou Weiping, et al. Evaluating complex network functional robustness by node efficiency. Acta Physica Sinica, 2012, 61(19):1-7.[周漩,张凤鸣,周卫平,等.利用节点效率评估复杂网络功能鲁棒性.物理学报, 2012, 61(19):1-7.]
[22] Zhang Rui. The network topology strocture of ecological with sustainability[D]. Zhenjiang:Jiangsu University, 2016.[张端.具有持续性生态系统的网络拓扑结构[D].镇江:江苏大学, 2016.]
[23] Wu Jiang, Wang Dong. Analysis on vulnerability of WSNs energy based oncomplex networks. Transducer and Microsystem Technologies, 2014(5):24-26.[吴蒋,王冬.基于复杂网络的无线传感器网络能量脆弱性分析.传感器与微系统, 2014(5):24-26.]
[24] Wang Yunqin. Research on connectivity reliability of urban transit network based on theory of complex network[D].Beijing:Beijing Jiaotong University, 2008.[王云琴.基于复杂网络理论的城市轨道交通网络连通可靠性研究[D].北京:北京交通大学, 2008.]
[25] Qiang Qiang, Recent development on the research of network vulnerability and robustness. Journal of University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, 2011(3):287-291.[强强.网络脆弱性以及鲁棒性理论的近期研究发展.上海理工大学学报, 2011(3):287-291.]
[26] Lei Zhendong. Conform and Restructure:Transformation of Rural Settlements in the Guanzhong Area. Nanjing:Southeast University Press, 2009.[雷振东.整合与重构:关中乡村聚落转型研究.南京:东南大学出版社, 2009.]
[27] Liu Xueming. Research on the robustness and controllability of complex network[D]. Wuhan:Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 2016.[刘雪明.复杂网络的鲁棒性和可控性研究[D].武汉:华中科技大学, 2016.]
[28] Babu S, Yadav G. Robustness through regime flips in collapsing ecological networks. Complex Networks and Their Applications VII, Cambridge United Kingdom, 2018:841-853.