光质对火龙果糖分积累及其代谢酶活性的影响
|
摘要
以红肉火龙果紫蜜龙为试材,采用蓝光与红光比例为1∶4和1∶2两种光质的发光二极管(light emitting diode,LED)进行补光处理,以不补光为对照,测定果实发育过程中蔗糖、葡萄糖和果糖含量以及蔗糖代谢相关酶——酸性转化酶(AI)、中性转化酶(NI)、蔗糖合成酶(SS)和蔗糖磷酸合成酶(SPS)的活性,并对果实中糖积累与酶活性的关系进行分析。结果表明,蓝红光比例1∶2处理的成熟果实中可溶性固形物、蔗糖含量、SPS和SS活性显著高于其他处理,且AI和NI活性在幼果期后始终显著低于其他处理;除1∶4处理成熟果实中果糖含量和AI活性低于CK处理,其他无显著差异。1∶2的LED补光处理可以在提高春季首批火龙果产量的同时保持品质稳定,实现优质稳产。光质对糖积累的调控机制可能是,红光较少的光质抑制火龙果果实中AI活性,减少蔗糖分解为葡萄糖和果糖,同时调控SPS和SS合成方向的活性,从而促进果实中蔗糖积累,提高可溶性固形物的含量。
In this study, a red pitaya cultivar, Zimilong was used as the experimeatal matertal. Two levels of blue to red light ratios(1∶4 and 1∶2) in light emitting diode(LED) were set up as the treatments, and no artificial light group was the control. By measuring the content of sucrose, glucose, fructose as well as activities of sucrose metabolism-related enzymes in the flesh of pitaya at three important stages, we attempted to preliminarily explore the mechanism of light supplementation regulating sugar accumulation. Results showed that the total soluble solid(TSS) and sucrose content in fruits under LED light supplementation with blue and red light ratio of 1∶2 were higher than other treatments, the activity of sucrose phosphate synthase(SPS) and sucrose synthase(SS) showed the same as well, while the activity of acid invertase(AI) was opposite. There was no significant difference except for fructose content and AI activity in mature fruit in the treatment of 1∶4 was lower than the control. Overall, the sucrose content of the first batch of spring pitaya was improved in the LED light supplementation with blue and red light ratio of 1∶2. Maybe, less red light ratio could promote sucrose, reduced glucose and fructose by inhibiting the activity of AI and promoting the activity of SPS and SS so as to promote sucrose and TSS in fruit.
In this study, a red pitaya cultivar, Zimilong was used as the experimeatal matertal. Two levels of blue to red light ratios(1∶4 and 1∶2) in light emitting diode(LED) were set up as the treatments, and no artificial light group was the control. By measuring the content of sucrose, glucose, fructose as well as activities of sucrose metabolism-related enzymes in the flesh of pitaya at three important stages, we attempted to preliminarily explore the mechanism of light supplementation regulating sugar accumulation. Results showed that the total soluble solid(TSS) and sucrose content in fruits under LED light supplementation with blue and red light ratio of 1∶2 were higher than other treatments, the activity of sucrose phosphate synthase(SPS) and sucrose synthase(SS) showed the same as well, while the activity of acid invertase(AI) was opposite. There was no significant difference except for fructose content and AI activity in mature fruit in the treatment of 1∶4 was lower than the control. Overall, the sucrose content of the first batch of spring pitaya was improved in the LED light supplementation with blue and red light ratio of 1∶2. Maybe, less red light ratio could promote sucrose, reduced glucose and fructose by inhibiting the activity of AI and promoting the activity of SPS and SS so as to promote sucrose and TSS in fruit.
引文
[1] OBENLAND D,CANTWELL M,LOBO R,et al.Impact of storage conditions and variety on quality attributes and aroma volatiles of pitahaya (Hylocereus spp.)[J].Scientia Horticulturae,2016,199:15-22.
[2] 陈心源,王莉,陆玫丹,等.不同贮藏条件对红心火龙果品质和货架期的影响[J].浙江农业科学,2018,59(6):998-1000,1006.CHEN X Y,WANG L,LU M D,et al.Effects of different storage conditions on quality and shelf life of pitaya[J].Journal of Zhejiang Agricultural Sciences,2018,59(6):998-1000,1006.(in Chinese)
[3] SONG K J,ECHEVERRIA E,LEE H S.Distribution of sugars and related enzymes in the stem and blossom halves of `valencia’ oranges[J].Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science,1998,123(3):416-420.
[4] 王惠聪,黄辉白,黄旭明.荔枝果实的糖积累与相关酶活性[J].园艺学报,2003,30(1):1-5.WANG H C,HUANG H B,HUANG X M.Sugar accumulation and related enzyme activities in the litchi fruit of ‘nuomici’ and ‘Feizixiao’[J].Acta Horticulturae Sinica,2003,30(1):1-5.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[5] 王德孚,杨志军,孙江妹,等.梨不同品种果实可溶性糖积累差异及代谢相关酶活性[J].果树学报,2014,31(1):30-38.WANG D F,YANG Z J,SUN J M,et al.Difference in soluble sugar accumulation and related enzyme activity of fruits among different pear cultivars[J].Journal of Fruit Science,2014,31(1):30-38.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[6] HUBBARD N L,PHARR D M,HUBER S C.Sucrose phosphate synthase and other sucrose metabolizing enzymes in fruits of various species[J].Physiologia Plantarum,1991,82(2):191-196.
[7] 吴国良,潘秋红,张大鹏.核桃果肉发育过程中糖含量及相关酶活性的变化[J].园艺学报,2003,30(6):643-646.WU G L,PAN Q H,ZHANG D P.Changes of sugar content and sugar metabolizing enzyme activities in the flesh of developing walnut fruit[J].Acta Horticulturae Sinica,2003,30(6):643-646.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[8] 杨道富,林旗华,谢鸿根,等.火龙果果实生长过程有机酸与可溶性糖变化研究[J].福建农业学报,2012,27(10):1076-1080.YANG D F,LIN Q H,XIE H G,et al.Soluble sugars and organic acids of pitaya fruits during development[J].Fujian Journal of Agricultural Sciences,2012,27(10):1076-1080.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[9] 李文云,彭志军,王彬,等.火龙果不同品种(品系)果肉糖、酸含量及组成分析[J].贵州农业科学,2010,38(11):215-217.LI W Y,PENG Z J,WANG B,et al.Content and composition of soluble sugar and organic acid in flesh of different pitaya varieties[J].Guizhou Agricultural Sciences,2010,38(11):215-217.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[10] ESQUIVEL P,STINTZING F C,CARLE R.Comparison of morphological and chemical fruit traits from different pitaya genotypes,Hylocereus sp.grown in Costa Rica[J].Journal of Applied Botany & Food Quality,2007,81(1):7-14.
[11] 沈林章,陈心源,陆玫丹,等.2种火龙果不同采收成熟度品质性状比较[J].浙江农业科学,2017,58(10):1772-1775.SHEN L Z,CHEN X Y,LU M D,et al.Comparison of quality of two pitaya harvested in different maturity[J].Journal of Zhejiang Agricultural Sciences,2017,58(10):1772-1775.(in Chinese)
[12] 伍涛,陶书田,张虎平,等.疏果对梨果实糖积累及叶片光合特性的影响[J].园艺学报,2011,38(11):2041-2048.WU T,TAO S T,ZHANG H P,et al.Effects of fruit thinning on fruit sugar accumulation and leaf photosynthetic characteristics of pear[J].Acta Horticulturae Sinica,2011,38(11):2041-2048.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[13] 刘晓英,徐文栋,焦学磊,等.不同配比红蓝LED光对黄瓜果实产量和品质的影响[J].植物资源与环境学报,2016,25(2):80-84.LIU X Y,XU W D,JIAO X L,et al.Effect of different proportions of red and blue LED lights on yield and quality of fruit of Cucumis sativus[J].Journal of Plant Resources and Environment,2016,25(2):80-84.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[14] 蒲高斌,刘世琦,杜洪涛,等.光质对番茄果实转色期品质变化的影响[J].中国农学通报,2005,21(4):176-178,187.PU G B,LIU S Q,DU H T,et al.Effect of light quality on tomato fruit qualities in turning-color period[J].Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin,2005,21(4):176-178,187.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[15] 刘帅,袁登荣,王志润,等.选择性光技术对‘阳光玫瑰’葡萄光合特性和果实品质的影响[J].果树学报,2016,33(2):187-195.LIU S,YUAN D R,WANG Z R,et al.Effects of pink fluorescent filming and pink netting on the photosynthetic characteristics and fruit quality of ‘Shine Muscat’ grape[J].Journal of Fruit Science,2016,33(2):187-195.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[16] 张克坤,刘凤之,王孝娣,等.不同光质补光对促早栽培‘瑞都香玉’葡萄果实品质的影响[J].应用生态学报,2017,28(1):115-126.ZHANG K K,LIU F Z,WANG X D,et al.Effects of supplementary light with different wavelengths on fruit quality of ‘Ruidu Xiangyu’ grape under promoted cultivation[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2017,28(1):115-126.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[17] 赵文东,郭修武,王欣欣,等.光质对延迟栽培巨峰葡萄果实品质的影响[J].中国果树,2011(1):20-22.ZHAO W D,GUO X W,WANG X X,et al.Effect of light quality on fruit quality of ‘Kyoho’ grape with delayed cultivation[J].China Fruits,2011(1):20-22.(in Chinese)
[18] 郑晓翠,王海波,王宝亮,等.补光对设施葡萄果实品质及叶片质量的影响[J].中国果树,2013(2):31-33.ZHENG X C,WANG H B,WANG B L,et al.Effects of light supplementation on fruit and leaf quality of greenhouse grape[J].China Fruits,2013(2):31-33.(in Chinese)
[19] 谢淑琴,马彦霞,曹力强,等.日光温室栽培杏LED灯补光效果研究[J].中国果树,2015(1):36-38.XIE S Q,MA Y X,CAO L Q,et al.Study on light supplementary effect of LED for apricot cultivation in greenhouse[J].China Fruits,2015(1):36-38.(in Chinese)
[20] 陈心源,田忍国,沈林章,等.不同红蓝光比例发光二极管对火龙果花芽分化和果实品质的影响[J].浙江大学学报(农业与生命科学版),2019,45(1):14-22.CHEN X Y,TIAN R G,SHEN L Z,et al.Effect of the blue-red light ratio in supplemental light-emitting diode on pitaya flower bud differentiation and fruit quality[J].Journal of Zhejiang University(Agriculture and Life Sciences),2019,45(1):14-22.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[21] 余意.水蜜桃杂交优系及其亲本的主要品质特性比较研究[D].杭州:浙江大学,2015.YU Y.Research on main characteristics and quality of peach hybrid system and its parents[D].Hangzhou:Zhejiang University,2015.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[22] 竺啸恒.葡萄芽变‘11-06-25’的遗传鉴定和农艺性状比较[D].杭州:浙江大学,2018.ZHU X H.Genetic identification and agronomic traits comparison of grape bud sport strain ‘11-06-25’[D].Hangzhou:Zhejiang University,2018.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[23] 魏国芹,孙玉刚,孙杨,等.甜樱桃果实发育过程中糖酸含量的变化[J].果树学报,2014,31(S1):103-109.WEI G Q,SUN Y G,SUN Y,et al.Changes of sugar and acid constituents in sweet cherry during fruit development[J].Journal of Fruit Science,2014,31(S1):103-109.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[24] 邓月娥,张传来,牛立元,等.桃果实发育过程中主要营养成分的动态变化及系统分析方法研究[J].果树科学,1998,15(1):48-52.DENG Y E,ZHANG C L,NIU L Y,et al.Studies on the changes of some main nutritional components in peach fruits during maturation and the method of systematic analysis[J].Journal of Fruit Science,1998,15(1):48-52.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[25] KASPERBAUER M J.Strawberry yield over red versus black plastic mulch[J].Crop Science,2000,40(1):171.
[26] FARRAR J F.Sink strength:What is it and how do we measure it?Introduction[J].Plant,Cell and Environment,1993,16(9):1015-1016.
[27] 林啸.光质诱导钙信号对铁皮石斛原球茎生长及多糖积累的影响研究[D].成都:四川农业大学,2015.LIN X.Influence of caluim signal on the growth and polysaccharide accumulation of Dendrobium officinale protocorm under photoinduction[D].Chengdu:Sichuan Agricultural University,2015.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[28] 刘林,许雪峰,王忆,等.不同反光膜对设施葡萄果实糖分代谢与品质的影响[J].果树学报,2008,25(2):178-181.LIU L,XU X F,WANG Y,et al.Effect of different reflecting films on berry quality and sucrose metabolism of grape in greenhouse[J].Journal of Fruit Science,2008,25(2):178-181.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[2] 陈心源,王莉,陆玫丹,等.不同贮藏条件对红心火龙果品质和货架期的影响[J].浙江农业科学,2018,59(6):998-1000,1006.CHEN X Y,WANG L,LU M D,et al.Effects of different storage conditions on quality and shelf life of pitaya[J].Journal of Zhejiang Agricultural Sciences,2018,59(6):998-1000,1006.(in Chinese)
[3] SONG K J,ECHEVERRIA E,LEE H S.Distribution of sugars and related enzymes in the stem and blossom halves of `valencia’ oranges[J].Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science,1998,123(3):416-420.
[4] 王惠聪,黄辉白,黄旭明.荔枝果实的糖积累与相关酶活性[J].园艺学报,2003,30(1):1-5.WANG H C,HUANG H B,HUANG X M.Sugar accumulation and related enzyme activities in the litchi fruit of ‘nuomici’ and ‘Feizixiao’[J].Acta Horticulturae Sinica,2003,30(1):1-5.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[5] 王德孚,杨志军,孙江妹,等.梨不同品种果实可溶性糖积累差异及代谢相关酶活性[J].果树学报,2014,31(1):30-38.WANG D F,YANG Z J,SUN J M,et al.Difference in soluble sugar accumulation and related enzyme activity of fruits among different pear cultivars[J].Journal of Fruit Science,2014,31(1):30-38.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[6] HUBBARD N L,PHARR D M,HUBER S C.Sucrose phosphate synthase and other sucrose metabolizing enzymes in fruits of various species[J].Physiologia Plantarum,1991,82(2):191-196.
[7] 吴国良,潘秋红,张大鹏.核桃果肉发育过程中糖含量及相关酶活性的变化[J].园艺学报,2003,30(6):643-646.WU G L,PAN Q H,ZHANG D P.Changes of sugar content and sugar metabolizing enzyme activities in the flesh of developing walnut fruit[J].Acta Horticulturae Sinica,2003,30(6):643-646.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[8] 杨道富,林旗华,谢鸿根,等.火龙果果实生长过程有机酸与可溶性糖变化研究[J].福建农业学报,2012,27(10):1076-1080.YANG D F,LIN Q H,XIE H G,et al.Soluble sugars and organic acids of pitaya fruits during development[J].Fujian Journal of Agricultural Sciences,2012,27(10):1076-1080.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[9] 李文云,彭志军,王彬,等.火龙果不同品种(品系)果肉糖、酸含量及组成分析[J].贵州农业科学,2010,38(11):215-217.LI W Y,PENG Z J,WANG B,et al.Content and composition of soluble sugar and organic acid in flesh of different pitaya varieties[J].Guizhou Agricultural Sciences,2010,38(11):215-217.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[10] ESQUIVEL P,STINTZING F C,CARLE R.Comparison of morphological and chemical fruit traits from different pitaya genotypes,Hylocereus sp.grown in Costa Rica[J].Journal of Applied Botany & Food Quality,2007,81(1):7-14.
[11] 沈林章,陈心源,陆玫丹,等.2种火龙果不同采收成熟度品质性状比较[J].浙江农业科学,2017,58(10):1772-1775.SHEN L Z,CHEN X Y,LU M D,et al.Comparison of quality of two pitaya harvested in different maturity[J].Journal of Zhejiang Agricultural Sciences,2017,58(10):1772-1775.(in Chinese)
[12] 伍涛,陶书田,张虎平,等.疏果对梨果实糖积累及叶片光合特性的影响[J].园艺学报,2011,38(11):2041-2048.WU T,TAO S T,ZHANG H P,et al.Effects of fruit thinning on fruit sugar accumulation and leaf photosynthetic characteristics of pear[J].Acta Horticulturae Sinica,2011,38(11):2041-2048.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[13] 刘晓英,徐文栋,焦学磊,等.不同配比红蓝LED光对黄瓜果实产量和品质的影响[J].植物资源与环境学报,2016,25(2):80-84.LIU X Y,XU W D,JIAO X L,et al.Effect of different proportions of red and blue LED lights on yield and quality of fruit of Cucumis sativus[J].Journal of Plant Resources and Environment,2016,25(2):80-84.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[14] 蒲高斌,刘世琦,杜洪涛,等.光质对番茄果实转色期品质变化的影响[J].中国农学通报,2005,21(4):176-178,187.PU G B,LIU S Q,DU H T,et al.Effect of light quality on tomato fruit qualities in turning-color period[J].Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin,2005,21(4):176-178,187.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[15] 刘帅,袁登荣,王志润,等.选择性光技术对‘阳光玫瑰’葡萄光合特性和果实品质的影响[J].果树学报,2016,33(2):187-195.LIU S,YUAN D R,WANG Z R,et al.Effects of pink fluorescent filming and pink netting on the photosynthetic characteristics and fruit quality of ‘Shine Muscat’ grape[J].Journal of Fruit Science,2016,33(2):187-195.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[16] 张克坤,刘凤之,王孝娣,等.不同光质补光对促早栽培‘瑞都香玉’葡萄果实品质的影响[J].应用生态学报,2017,28(1):115-126.ZHANG K K,LIU F Z,WANG X D,et al.Effects of supplementary light with different wavelengths on fruit quality of ‘Ruidu Xiangyu’ grape under promoted cultivation[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2017,28(1):115-126.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[17] 赵文东,郭修武,王欣欣,等.光质对延迟栽培巨峰葡萄果实品质的影响[J].中国果树,2011(1):20-22.ZHAO W D,GUO X W,WANG X X,et al.Effect of light quality on fruit quality of ‘Kyoho’ grape with delayed cultivation[J].China Fruits,2011(1):20-22.(in Chinese)
[18] 郑晓翠,王海波,王宝亮,等.补光对设施葡萄果实品质及叶片质量的影响[J].中国果树,2013(2):31-33.ZHENG X C,WANG H B,WANG B L,et al.Effects of light supplementation on fruit and leaf quality of greenhouse grape[J].China Fruits,2013(2):31-33.(in Chinese)
[19] 谢淑琴,马彦霞,曹力强,等.日光温室栽培杏LED灯补光效果研究[J].中国果树,2015(1):36-38.XIE S Q,MA Y X,CAO L Q,et al.Study on light supplementary effect of LED for apricot cultivation in greenhouse[J].China Fruits,2015(1):36-38.(in Chinese)
[20] 陈心源,田忍国,沈林章,等.不同红蓝光比例发光二极管对火龙果花芽分化和果实品质的影响[J].浙江大学学报(农业与生命科学版),2019,45(1):14-22.CHEN X Y,TIAN R G,SHEN L Z,et al.Effect of the blue-red light ratio in supplemental light-emitting diode on pitaya flower bud differentiation and fruit quality[J].Journal of Zhejiang University(Agriculture and Life Sciences),2019,45(1):14-22.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[21] 余意.水蜜桃杂交优系及其亲本的主要品质特性比较研究[D].杭州:浙江大学,2015.YU Y.Research on main characteristics and quality of peach hybrid system and its parents[D].Hangzhou:Zhejiang University,2015.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[22] 竺啸恒.葡萄芽变‘11-06-25’的遗传鉴定和农艺性状比较[D].杭州:浙江大学,2018.ZHU X H.Genetic identification and agronomic traits comparison of grape bud sport strain ‘11-06-25’[D].Hangzhou:Zhejiang University,2018.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[23] 魏国芹,孙玉刚,孙杨,等.甜樱桃果实发育过程中糖酸含量的变化[J].果树学报,2014,31(S1):103-109.WEI G Q,SUN Y G,SUN Y,et al.Changes of sugar and acid constituents in sweet cherry during fruit development[J].Journal of Fruit Science,2014,31(S1):103-109.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[24] 邓月娥,张传来,牛立元,等.桃果实发育过程中主要营养成分的动态变化及系统分析方法研究[J].果树科学,1998,15(1):48-52.DENG Y E,ZHANG C L,NIU L Y,et al.Studies on the changes of some main nutritional components in peach fruits during maturation and the method of systematic analysis[J].Journal of Fruit Science,1998,15(1):48-52.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[25] KASPERBAUER M J.Strawberry yield over red versus black plastic mulch[J].Crop Science,2000,40(1):171.
[26] FARRAR J F.Sink strength:What is it and how do we measure it?Introduction[J].Plant,Cell and Environment,1993,16(9):1015-1016.
[27] 林啸.光质诱导钙信号对铁皮石斛原球茎生长及多糖积累的影响研究[D].成都:四川农业大学,2015.LIN X.Influence of caluim signal on the growth and polysaccharide accumulation of Dendrobium officinale protocorm under photoinduction[D].Chengdu:Sichuan Agricultural University,2015.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[28] 刘林,许雪峰,王忆,等.不同反光膜对设施葡萄果实糖分代谢与品质的影响[J].果树学报,2008,25(2):178-181.LIU L,XU X F,WANG Y,et al.Effect of different reflecting films on berry quality and sucrose metabolism of grape in greenhouse[J].Journal of Fruit Science,2008,25(2):178-181.(in Chinese with English abstract)