回转油缸载荷谱的编制
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摘要
为得到掘进机回转油缸的疲劳载荷谱,利用大容量数据记录仪(黑匣子)对回转油缸工作载荷进行测取,采用幅值门限法去除载荷数据中的异常峰值点,对测取的载荷进行预处理,得到经载荷平稳性和各态历经性检验的回转油缸拉动载荷样本数据。采用雨流计数法对回转油缸载荷样本数据进行统计处理,结合大量统计分析经验,对幅值和均值概率分布分别作威布尔分布和正态分布的假设,并对其幅值与均值的分布规律进行了研究,利用卡方检验,对幅值和均值的独立性进行检验,针对均值提出了三模态正态概率分布模型。结果表明:在检验水平0. 05的条件下,回转油缸拉动载荷的幅值和均值相互独立;幅值服从形状参数为1. 156、尺度参数为3. 345的威布尔分布;提出的三模态正态概率分布模型,真实反映出均值的统计特征,实现回转油缸载荷信息的准确识别。为保留回转油缸全寿命周期内的工作载荷特征以反映工程实际,根据回转油缸推拉工况作业时间比例,将回转油缸样本拉动载荷数据的累积频次扩展到5×105次循环,基于二维概率分布函数,建立了回转油缸拉动载荷数据8×8级幅均值二维载荷谱。根据疲劳累积损伤理论,应用Goodman方法将幅均值二维载荷谱转化为回转油缸拉动载荷数据8级一维载荷谱,可为回转油缸疲劳寿命预测及疲劳寿命试验提供理论基础。
In order to obtain the fatigue load spectrum of rotary cylinder,the service load of rotary cylinder was obtained using large capacity data recorder( black box).Amplitude threshold method was used to remove abnormal peak points in the data.Pretreatment was carried out on the measured load to obtain the sample data of the rotary cylinder pull load after the test of load stability and ergodicity.The rotary cylinder service load sample data was statistically processed using the rainflow counting method.Combined with a lot of statistical analysis experience,the Weibull distribution of amplitude value and normal distribution of mean value were assumed respectively.The distribution law of its amplitude value and mean value was studied,and the independence of amplitude value and mean value was tested by Chi-square test.And the three-modal normal probability distribution model was proposed for the mean value.The results show that the amplitude and the mean of rotary cylinder pull load are independent in the condition of 0.05 test level.The amplitude accords with the Weibull distribution with a shape parameter of 1.156 and a scale parameter of 3.345.The proposed three-modal normal probability distribution model reflects the statistical characteristics of the mean and realizes the accurate identification of the load information of rotary oil cylinder.In order to keep the working load characteristics of the rotary cylinder in the whole life cycle,the cumulative frequency of rotary cylinder pull load sample data was extended to 5×105 cycles according to the proportion of rotary cylinder operating time,the two-dimensional load spectrum with 8× 8 levels of rotary cylinder in pull condition was established using two-dimensional probability distribution function.Based on fatigue cumulative damage theory,two-dimensional load spectrum changed into one-dimensional load spectrum with 8 levels of the rotary cylinder pull load using the Goodman method,which can provide the basis of the fatigue life prediction and fatigue life testing.
In order to obtain the fatigue load spectrum of rotary cylinder,the service load of rotary cylinder was obtained using large capacity data recorder( black box).Amplitude threshold method was used to remove abnormal peak points in the data.Pretreatment was carried out on the measured load to obtain the sample data of the rotary cylinder pull load after the test of load stability and ergodicity.The rotary cylinder service load sample data was statistically processed using the rainflow counting method.Combined with a lot of statistical analysis experience,the Weibull distribution of amplitude value and normal distribution of mean value were assumed respectively.The distribution law of its amplitude value and mean value was studied,and the independence of amplitude value and mean value was tested by Chi-square test.And the three-modal normal probability distribution model was proposed for the mean value.The results show that the amplitude and the mean of rotary cylinder pull load are independent in the condition of 0.05 test level.The amplitude accords with the Weibull distribution with a shape parameter of 1.156 and a scale parameter of 3.345.The proposed three-modal normal probability distribution model reflects the statistical characteristics of the mean and realizes the accurate identification of the load information of rotary oil cylinder.In order to keep the working load characteristics of the rotary cylinder in the whole life cycle,the cumulative frequency of rotary cylinder pull load sample data was extended to 5×105 cycles according to the proportion of rotary cylinder operating time,the two-dimensional load spectrum with 8× 8 levels of rotary cylinder in pull condition was established using two-dimensional probability distribution function.Based on fatigue cumulative damage theory,two-dimensional load spectrum changed into one-dimensional load spectrum with 8 levels of the rotary cylinder pull load using the Goodman method,which can provide the basis of the fatigue life prediction and fatigue life testing.
引文
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[16] BISPING JR,BLEICHER C,WAGENER R,et al.Fatigue life approach for large components in heavy plant engineering based on rainflow counted local strains[J].Procedia Engineering,2015,101:43-51.
[17]邢韵.EPB6280盾构机推进油缸载荷值的提取与分析[J].材料与冶金学报,2014,13(4):298-305.XING Yun.Extraction and analysis on load values of push cylinder for EPB6280 shield machine[J].Journal of Materials and Metallurgy,2014,13(4):298-305.
[18] BORS AG,NASIOS N. Kernel bandwidth estimation for nonparametric modeling[J].IEEE Transactions on Systems Man&Cybernetics Part B:Cybernetics,2009,39(6):1543-1555.
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[21]宫海彬,苏建,王兴宇,等.基于极值外推的高速列车齿轮传动装置载荷谱编制[J].吉林大学学报:工学版,2014,44(5):1264-1269.GONG Haibin,SU Jian,WANG Xingyu,et al.Compiling method of load spectrum of high-speed train gear dirve system based on extreme value extrapolation[J]. Journal of Jilin University:Engineering and Technology Edition,2014,44(5):1264-1269.
[22] CONOVER J C,JAECKEL H R,KIPPOLA W J.Simulation of field loading in fatique testing[J]. Journal of Terramechanics,1966,3(3):101-102.
[23]张英爽.装载机传动系载荷谱的测取与应用研究[D].长春:吉林大学,2014.ZHANG Yingshuang.Research on the load spectra acquisition and application of loader powertrain[D]. Changchun:Jilin University,2014.
[2]高云凯,徐成民,方剑光.车身台架疲劳试验程序载荷谱研究[J].机械工程学报,2014,50(4):92-98.GAO Yunkai,XU Chengmin,FANG Jianguang. Study on the programed load spectrum of the body fatigue bench test[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering,2014,50(4):92-98.
[3] MIKHEEVSKIY S,GLINKA G,LEE E.Fatigue crack growth analysis under spectrum loading in various environmental conditions[J].Metallurgical&Materials Transactions A,2013,44(3):1301-1310.
[4]刘克格,闫楚良.飞机起落架载荷谱实测与编制方法[J].航空学报,2011,32(5):841-848.LIU Kege,YAN Chuliang. Load measurement and compilation of landing gear of airplane[J].Acta Aeronauticaet Astronautica Sinica,2011,32(5):841-848.
[5]郑松林,梁国清,王治瑞,等.考虑低幅锻炼载荷的某轿车摆臂载荷谱编制[J].机械工程学报,2014,50(16):147-154.ZHENG Songlin,LIANG Guoqing,WANG Zhirui,et al. Compilation of automotive lower control arm spectrum based on the low-amplitude training load[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering,2014,50(16):147-154.
[6] HODAPP D P,COLLETTE M D,TROESCH A W.Stochastic nonlinear fatigue crack growth predictions for simple specimens subject to representative ship structural loading sequences[J]. International Journal of Fatigue,2015,70:38-50.
[7]张英爽,王国强,王继新,等.工程车辆传动系载荷谱编制方法[J].农业工程学报,2011,27(4):179-183.ZHANG Yingshuang,WANG Guoqiang,WANG Jixin,et al.Compilation method of power train load spectrum of engineering vehicle[J].Transactions of the CSAE,2011,27(4):179-183.
[8]杨健健,王丙军,姜海,等.基于SQLite数据库的掘进机状态信息存储的研究[J].工矿自动化,2012,38(12):105-108.YANG Jianjian,WANG Bingjun,JIANG Hai,et al.Research of operation information storage of roadheader based on sqlite database[J].Industry and Mine Automation,2012,38(12):105-108.
[9]李旭.悬臂式掘进机关键结构的力学特性研究[D].北京:中国矿业大学(北京),2017.LI Xu. Research on mechanical properties of key structures on boom-type roadheader[D]. Beijing:China University of Mining and Technology(Beijing),2017.
[10]李旭,顾永正,吴淼.基于微分几何的掘进机工作机构运动学分析[J].煤炭学报,2016,41(12):3158-3166.LI Xu,GU Yongzheng,WU Miao. Kinematics analysis of roadheader’s working mechanism based on differential geometry[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2016,41(12):3158-3166.
[11] CURRAN M,ZHENG K,GUPTA H,et al.Handling rack vibrations in FSO-based data center architectures[A]. In 2018 International Conference on Optical Network Design and Modeling(ONDM)[C].2018:47-52.
[12] ZHENG K,CURRAN M,GUPTA H,et al.2018.Design of data center free-space optical network:Optical and mechanical considerations[A].In ASTFE Digital Library.Begel House Inc[C].2018.
[13]李旭,王苏彧,吉晓冬,等.EBZ160型掘进机驱动油缸实测载荷分析[J].煤炭技术,2016,35(5):250-252.LI Xu,WANG Suyu,JI Xiaodong,et al.Load analysis of driving cylinder for EBZ160 roadheader based on measured data[J]. Coal Technology,2016,35(5):250-252.
[14]马园园,谢里阳,林文强.液压支架随机载荷历程及Monte Carlo法的应用[J].东北大学学报(自然科学版),2014,35(1):93-96.MA Yuanyuan,XIE Liyang,LIN Wenqiang. Random load history of hydraulic support and application of monte carlo method[J].Journal of Northeastern University(Natural Science),2014,35(1):93-96.
[15]张吉桥.雨流计数法与概率分布拟合在疲劳寿命估算中的应用[J].广东工业大学学报,2010,27(1):82-85.ZHANG Jiqiao.Application of rain-flow counting method and probability distribution fitting technique in the estimation of fatigue life[J].Journal of Guangdong University of Technology,2010,27(1):82-85.
[16] BISPING JR,BLEICHER C,WAGENER R,et al.Fatigue life approach for large components in heavy plant engineering based on rainflow counted local strains[J].Procedia Engineering,2015,101:43-51.
[17]邢韵.EPB6280盾构机推进油缸载荷值的提取与分析[J].材料与冶金学报,2014,13(4):298-305.XING Yun.Extraction and analysis on load values of push cylinder for EPB6280 shield machine[J].Journal of Materials and Metallurgy,2014,13(4):298-305.
[18] BORS AG,NASIOS N. Kernel bandwidth estimation for nonparametric modeling[J].IEEE Transactions on Systems Man&Cybernetics Part B:Cybernetics,2009,39(6):1543-1555.
[19]武爱文,冯卫国,卫淑芝.概率论与数理统计[M].上海:上海交通大学出版社,2011.
[20]刘岩,张喜逢,王振雨,等.载荷谱外推方法的对比[J].现代制造工程,2011(11):8-11.LIU Yan,ZHANG Xifeng,WANG Zhenyu,et al.Contrast of extrapolations in compiling load spectrum[J].Modern Manufacturing Engineering,2011(11):8-11.
[21]宫海彬,苏建,王兴宇,等.基于极值外推的高速列车齿轮传动装置载荷谱编制[J].吉林大学学报:工学版,2014,44(5):1264-1269.GONG Haibin,SU Jian,WANG Xingyu,et al.Compiling method of load spectrum of high-speed train gear dirve system based on extreme value extrapolation[J]. Journal of Jilin University:Engineering and Technology Edition,2014,44(5):1264-1269.
[22] CONOVER J C,JAECKEL H R,KIPPOLA W J.Simulation of field loading in fatique testing[J]. Journal of Terramechanics,1966,3(3):101-102.
[23]张英爽.装载机传动系载荷谱的测取与应用研究[D].长春:吉林大学,2014.ZHANG Yingshuang.Research on the load spectra acquisition and application of loader powertrain[D]. Changchun:Jilin University,2014.