气象因素与人群健康研究的前沿进展
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摘要
气象因素与人类生活息息相关。近年来,气象因素与人类健康的关系也日益受到关注,现有的研究多集中于温度,且结论尚待统一。通过查阅国内外关于气象因素与健康的文献,介绍气象因素对慢性非传染性疾病、传染性疾病、心理健康和妊娠结局等的影响及其可能机制。气象因素如温度、湿度、气压等均有对健康适宜的范围,偏离该范围后可能对人群健康造成负面影响。我国未来应全面阐明各气象要素对人体健康的影响及其致病机制,同时应加强对不良气象条件的健康预警工作,强化对易感人群的针对性防护。
Meteorological factors are closely related to human life. In recent years,the relationship between meteorological factors and human health has been paid more and more attentions. The existing researches mainly focus on temperature,and the conclusions are inconsistent. We have reviewed domestic and international researches to introduce the effects of meteorological factors on chronic non-communicable diseases,infectious diseases,mental health and pregnancy outcomes,as well as their possible mechanisms. Meteorological factors such as temperature,humidity and air pressure all have a suitable range for human health and non-optimum ranges of meteorological conditions may result in adverse effects. In the future,China should investigate more comprehensively the health effects and the potential pathophysiologic mechanisms of meteorological factors and design targeted early-warning system to protect susceptible population.
Meteorological factors are closely related to human life. In recent years,the relationship between meteorological factors and human health has been paid more and more attentions. The existing researches mainly focus on temperature,and the conclusions are inconsistent. We have reviewed domestic and international researches to introduce the effects of meteorological factors on chronic non-communicable diseases,infectious diseases,mental health and pregnancy outcomes,as well as their possible mechanisms. Meteorological factors such as temperature,humidity and air pressure all have a suitable range for human health and non-optimum ranges of meteorological conditions may result in adverse effects. In the future,China should investigate more comprehensively the health effects and the potential pathophysiologic mechanisms of meteorological factors and design targeted early-warning system to protect susceptible population.
引文
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[4]胡梦珏,马文军,张永慧,等.中国城市气温与人群死亡暴露反应关系的Meta分析[J].中华流行病学杂志,2013,34(9):922-926.HU M engjue,M A Wenjun,ZHANG Yonghui,et al.Relationship betw een temperature and the risks of mortality in China:a M eta-analysis[J].Chin J Epidemiol,2013,34(9):922-926.
[5]Lian H,Ruan Y,Liang R,et al.Short-term effect of ambient temperature and the risk of stroke:a systematic review and meta-analysis[J].Int J Environ Res Public Health,2015,12(8):9068-9088.
[6]Bunker A,Wildenhain J,Vandenbergh A,et al.Effects of air temperature on climate-sensitive mortality and morbidity outcomes in the elderly;a systematic review and meta-analysis of epidemiological evidence[J].EBio M edicine,2016,6:258-268.doi:10.1016/j.ebiom.2016.02.034.
[7]Chung JY,Honda Y,Hong YC,et al.Ambient temperature and mortality:an international study in four capital cities of East Asia[J].Sci Total Environ,2009,408(2):390-396.
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[9]Analitis A,Katsouyanni K,Biggeri A,et al.Effects of cold w eather on mortality:results from 15 European cities w ithin the PHEWE project[J].Am Journal Epidemiol,2008,168(12):1397-1408.
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[11]Yang J,Yin P,Zhou M,et al.Cardiovascular mortality risk attributable to ambient temperature in China[J].Heart,2015,101(24):1966-1972.
[12]Yang J,Yin P,Zhou M,et al.The effect of ambient temperature on diabetes mortality in China:a multi-city time series study[J].Sci Total Environ,2016,543(Pt A):75-82.
[13]Yang C,Meng X,Chen R,et al.Long-term variations in the association betw een ambient temperature and daily cardiovascular mortality in Shanghai,China[J].Sci Total Environ,2015,538:524-530.doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.08.097.
[14]Kim J,Shin J,Lim YH,et al.Comprehensive approach to understand the association between diurnal temperature range and mortality in East Asia[J].Sci Total Environ,2016,539:313-321.doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.08.134.
[15]Zhou X,Zhao A,Xia M,et al.Acute effects of diurnal temperature range on mortality in 8 Chinese cities[J].Sci Total Environ,2014,493(5):92-97.
[16]赵永谦,王黎君,罗圆,等.中国66个县/区日温差对人群死亡影响的时间序列研究[J].中华流行病学杂志,2017,38(3):290-296.ZHAO Yongqian,WANG Lijun,LUO Yuan,et al.Lagged effects of diurnal temperature range on mortalityin 66 cities in China:a time-series study[J].Chin J Epidemiol,2017,38(3):290-296.
[17]Wang MZ,Zheng S,He SL,et al.The association betw een diurnal temperature range and emergency room admissions for cardiovascular,respiratory,digestive and genitourinary disease among the elderly:a time series study[J].Sci Total Environ,2013,456-457:370-375.doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.03.023.
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[19]Barreca AI.Climate change,humidity,and mortality in the United States[J].J Environ Econ M anage,2011,63(1):19-34.
[20]Vaneckova P,Neville G,Tippett V,et al.Do biometeorological indices improve modeling outcomes of heat-related mortality?[J].J Appl M eteor Climatol,2011,50(6):1165-1176.
[21]Barnett AG,Tong S,Clements AC.What measure of temperature is the best predictor of mortality?[J].Environ Res,2010,110(6):604-611.
[22]Ou CQ,Yang J,Ou QQ,et al.The impact of relative humidity and atmospheric pressure on mortality in Guangzhou,China[J].Biomed Environ Sci,2014,27(12):917-925.
[23]Guzman Herrador BR,de Blasio BF,Macdonald E,et al.Analytical studies assessing the association betw een extreme precipitation or temperature and drinking water-related waterborne infections:a review[J].Environ Health,2015,14:29.doi:10.1186/s12940-015-0014-y.
[24]仲洁,何隆华.气象因素对蚊虫密度影响研究进展[J].中国媒介生物学及控制杂志,2015,26(1):95-99.ZHONG Jie,HE Longhua.Advances in research on impacts of meteorological factors on mosquito density[J].Chinese Journal of Vector Biology&Control,2015,26(1):95-99.
[25]陈小杰.不同湿度条件对不同胚胎发育期的白纹伊蚊卵孵化率的影响[J].韶关学院学报,1986(4):172-183.
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[27]余向华.蚊媒传染病流行特征及气象影响因素研究[D].杭州:浙江大学,2007.
[28]Zhou XN,Yang GJ,Yang K,et al.Potential impact of climate change on schistosomiasis transmission in China[J].Am J Trop Med Hyg,2008,78(2):188-194.
[29]杜志成,张王剑,郝元涛.中国大陆气象因素与手足口病发病相关关系的Meta分析[J].中国卫生统计,2016,33(5):803-805.
[30]Jagai JS,Sarkar R,Castronovo D,et al.Seasonality of rotavirus in South Asia:a meta-analysis approach assessing associations w ith temperature,precipitation,and vegetation index[J].PLo S One,2012,7(5):e38168.doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0038168.
[31]Lim YH,Kim H,Kim JH,et al.Air ppollution and symptoms of depression in elderly adults[J].Environ Health Perspect,2012,120(7):1023-1028.
[32]Ling T,Kai L,Zhou Q.Season,sex and age as modifiers in the association of psychosis morbidity w ith air pollutants:a rising problem in a Chinese metropolis[J].Sci Total Environ,2015,541:928-933.doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.09.066.
[33]Szyszkowicz M.Air pollution and emergency department visits for depression in Edmonton,Canada[J].Int J Occup M ed Environ Health,2007,20(3):241-245.
[34]Vida S,Durocher M,Ouarda TB,et al.Relationship betw een ambient temperature and humidity and visits to mental health emergency departments in Québec[J].Psychiatr Serv,2012,63(11):1150-1153.
[35]Wang X,Lavigne E,Ouellettekuntz H,et al.Acute impacts of extreme temperature exposure on emergency room admissions related to mental and behavior disorders in Toronto,Canada[J].J Affect Disord,2014,155(1):154-161.
[36]Kim Y,Kim H,Honda Y,et al.Suicide and ambient temperature in East Asian countries:a time-stratified case-crossover analysis[J].Environ Health Perspect,2016,124(1):75-80.
[37]Kurokouchi M,Miyatake N,Kinoshita H,et al.Correlation betw een suicide and meteorological parameters[J].Medicina(Kaunas),2015,51(6):363-367.
[38]Zhang Y,Yu C,Wang L.Temperature exposure during pregnancy and birth outcomes:an updated systematic review of epidemiological evidence[J].Environ Pollut,2017,225:700-712.doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2017.02.066.
[39]Strand LB,Barnett AG,Tong S.The influence of season and ambient temperature on birth outcomes:a review of the epidemiological literature[J].Environ Res,2011,111(3):451-462.
[40]Beltran AJ,Wu J,Laurent O.Associations of meteorology w ith adverse pregnancy outcomes:a systematic review of preeclampsia,preterm birth and birth w eight[J].Int J Environ Res Public Health,2014,11(1):91-172.
[41]Schifano P,Lallo A,Asta F,et al.Effect of ambient temperature and air pollutants on the risk of preterm birth,Rome 2001-2010[J].Environ Int,2013,61(4):77-87.
[42]Cheng J,Xu Z,Zhu R,et al.Impact of diurnal temperature range on human health:a systematic review[J].Int J Biometeorol,2014,58(9):2011-2024.
[43]Chen TH,Li X,Zhao J,et al.Impacts of cold weather on all-cause and cause-specific mortality in Texas,1990-2011[J].Environ Pollut,2017,225:244-251.doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2017.03.022.
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