基于含水率与温度补偿的土壤pH值在线实时检测系统
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摘要
针对目前常用土壤pH值传感器在测量过程中受土壤含水率和温度影响较大的问题,设计了带有温度、含水率补偿模型的锑电极土壤pH值在线实时检测系统。利用最小二乘法对pH值和测量结果进行线性分析,补偿土壤pH值测量误差。试验结果表明,经过补偿之后,由温度和含水率变化导致的pH值测量误差至少可降低84. 5%,pH值测量值随温度和含水率的变化幅度不超过±0. 1。与市场产品ZD-18型土壤酸度计、HYSWR-ARC-12V型土壤含水率传感器、水银温度计对比研究得出,3项指标线性拟合决定系数均达到0. 99以上。为了确保自然环境下土壤pH值测量的适用性,探索了系统在使用过程中土壤含水率的阈值与测量精度,表明在土壤体积含水率大于5%的情况下均可有效测量。试验表明,在pH值3. 06～10. 36范围之内,本系统可有效测量,检测误差为-1. 53%～3. 51%,满足土壤pH值实时在线测量要求。
With the rapid development of detection technology,a variety of pH value detection methods was invented. However,there were many pH value detection techniques,but few of them can be used in field. Thus a soil pH value online real-time detection system in this situation was designed. It was found that the measurement of pH value sensor was greatly influenced by soil moisture and temperature. In order to reduce the influence of soil moisture and temperature on soil pH value measurement,a model of moisture and temperature compensation for pH value sensor was proposed. Soil pH value measurement values were linearly analyzed by the least square method with soil moisture and temperature. The results showed that the absolute error of pH value measurement caused by temperature and soil moisture was reduced by more than 84. 5%,and the variation range of pH value measurement was not more than± 0. 1. Compared with ZD-18 soil acidity meter,HYSWR-ARC-12 V soil moisture sensor and mercury thermometer,three determinant coefficients were all above 0. 99. It proved that the performance of the system was equivalent to mature products. In order to ensure the applicability of soil pH value measurement in natural environment,it was explored that the threshold of soil moisture for pH value sensor was effectively measured,which proved that the pH value sensor can be effectively used when the soil volume moisture was more than 5%. Experiments showed that the pH value sensor can be effectively measured in the range of 3. 06 ～ 10. 36,and the detection error was-1. 53% ～ 3. 51%. The design of a high-accuracy soil pH value online real-time detection system was realized.
With the rapid development of detection technology,a variety of pH value detection methods was invented. However,there were many pH value detection techniques,but few of them can be used in field. Thus a soil pH value online real-time detection system in this situation was designed. It was found that the measurement of pH value sensor was greatly influenced by soil moisture and temperature. In order to reduce the influence of soil moisture and temperature on soil pH value measurement,a model of moisture and temperature compensation for pH value sensor was proposed. Soil pH value measurement values were linearly analyzed by the least square method with soil moisture and temperature. The results showed that the absolute error of pH value measurement caused by temperature and soil moisture was reduced by more than 84. 5%,and the variation range of pH value measurement was not more than± 0. 1. Compared with ZD-18 soil acidity meter,HYSWR-ARC-12 V soil moisture sensor and mercury thermometer,three determinant coefficients were all above 0. 99. It proved that the performance of the system was equivalent to mature products. In order to ensure the applicability of soil pH value measurement in natural environment,it was explored that the threshold of soil moisture for pH value sensor was effectively measured,which proved that the pH value sensor can be effectively used when the soil volume moisture was more than 5%. Experiments showed that the pH value sensor can be effectively measured in the range of 3. 06 ～ 10. 36,and the detection error was-1. 53% ～ 3. 51%. The design of a high-accuracy soil pH value online real-time detection system was realized.
引文
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[12]姜和.聚合物膜与高纯金属p H电极的研制[J].表面技术,2003,32(3):98-104.JIANG He. Development of polymer film and high pure metal p H electrode[J]. Surface Technology,2003,32(3):98-104.(in Chinese)
[13]赵燕东,李宁,皮婷婷.土壤多参数复合测试系统研究[J/OL].农业机械学报,2015,46(8):289-298.ZHAO Yandong,LI Ning,PI Tingting. Multi-parameter compounded testing system for soil[J/OL]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2015,46(8):289-298. http:∥www. j-csam. org/jcsam/ch/reader/view_abstract. aspx? flag=1&file_no=20150840&flag=1. DOI:10. 6041/j. issn. 1000-1298. 2015. 08. 040.(in Chinese)
[14]胡鹏程,时玮泽,梅健挺.高精度铂电阻测温系统[J].光学精密工程,2014,22(4):988-995.HU Pengcheng,SHI Weize,MEI Jianting. High precision Pt-resistance temperature measurement system[J]. Optics and Precision Engineering,2014,22(4):988-995.(in Chinese)
[15]汪定国,王怡苹.一种高精度铂电阻温度测量方法[J].电子测量技术,2012(11):104-107.WANG Dingguo,WANG Yiping. Method of high precision temperature measure based in platinum resistance[J]. Electronic Measurement Technology,2012(11):104-107.(in Chinese)
[16]王晓宁,史俊富.查表法校正铂电阻的非线性误差[J].医疗卫生装备,2004,25(11):59-60.WANG Xiaoning,SHI Junfu. Non-linear error correction of platinum resistance by look-up table method[J]. Chinese Medical Equipment Journal,2004,25(11):59-60.(in Chinese)
[17]顾吉林,刘淼,耿杨,等.基于PT100的高精度温度测量电路的设计[J].测控技术,2018,37(5):108-110.GU Jilin,LIU Miao,GENG Yang,et al. Design of a high-precision temperature measuring circuit based on PT100[J].Measurement&Control Technology,2018,37(5):108-110.(in Chinese)
[18]孙宇瑞,汪懋华.一种基于驻波比原理测量土壤介电常数的方法[J].农业工程学报,1999,15(2):37-41.SUN Yurui,WANG Maohua. A kind of determinations of soil dielectric constant using the principle of standing-wave ratio[J].Transactions of the CSAE,1999,15(2):37-41.(in Chinese)
[19]赵燕东,王一鸣.基于驻波率原理的土壤水分传感器的测量敏感度分析[J].农业工程学报,2002,18(2):5-8.ZHAO Yandong,WANG Yiming. Analysis of sensitivity of soil moisture measurement based on standing-wave ratio[J].Transactions of the CSAE,2002,18(2):5-8.(in Chinese)
[20]孙宇瑞.非饱和土壤介电特性测量理论与方法的研究[D].北京:中国农业大学,2000.SUN Yurui. Study on the measuring theory&method of dielectric characteristics for unsaturated soil[D]. Beijing:China Agricultural University,2000.(in Chinese)
[21]石长华,谢恩.基于FAT32文件系统和SD卡的陶瓷窑炉测温仪设计[J].激光杂志,2014(7):100-103.SHI Changhua,XIE En. Design of thermoscope of ceramic kiln based on FAT32 file system and SD card[J]. Lasernal,2014(7):100-103.(in Chinese)
[22]陈敏,陈孝杨,桂和荣,等.煤矸石充填重构土壤剖面温度变化对覆土厚度的响应[J].煤炭学报,2017,42(12):3270-3279.CHEN Min, CHEN Xiaoyang, GUI Herong, et al. Temperature variation and its response to topsoil thickness from reconstruction soil profile filled with coal gangue[J]. Journal of China Coal Society,2017,42(12):3270-3279.(in Chinese)
[23]嘎拉泰,朱双双,徐道春,等.鹫峰森林多层土壤温度变化规律的研究[J].林业工程学报,2018,3(3):136-141.GA Latai,ZHU Shuangshuang,XU Daochun,et al. Investigation of temperature changing patterns of multi-layer soil in Jiufeng Forest[J]. Journal of Forestry Engineering,2018,3(3):136-141.(in Chinese)
[24]郑应泽.土壤酸碱度对农作物生长的影响[J].玉溪师范学院学报,1994,10(增刊2):64-67.ZHENG Yingze. Effects of soil p H on crop growth[J]. Journal of Yuxi Teachers College,1994,10(Supp. 2):64-67.(in Chinese)
[25]王仁山,王义华,隋好林,等.改良土壤是测土配肥过程中的重要环节———土壤酸碱度的改良[J].磷肥与复肥,2006,21(6):68-70.WANG Renshan,WANG Yihua,SUI Haolin,et al. Soil amendment is the important link of formula fertilization by soil testing—improving the soil acidity and alkalinity[J]. Phosphate&Compound Fertilizer,2006,21(6):68-70.(in Chinese)
[26]隋好林,王仁山,王义华,等.土壤酸碱度对作物生长的影响及改良剂应用效果初探[J].山东农业科学,2007(2):90-91.SUI Haolin,WANG Renshan,WANG Yihua,et al. Effects of soil acidity and alkalinity on crop growth and application of amendments[J]. Shandong Agricultural Sciences,2007(2):90-91.(in Chinese)
[27]周富臣,孙玉莲.总体标准差σ的五种估计及估计精密度[J].计量技术,2006(12):60-64.ZHOU Fuchen,SUN Yulian. Five estimations and its precision of population standard deviationσ[J]. Measurement Technique,2006(12):60-64.(in Chinese)
[28]金世杰,费良军,傅渝亮,等.土壤初始含水率对浑水膜孔灌自由入渗特性影响[J].水土保持学报,2016,30(5):235-239.JIN Shijie,FEI Liangjun,FU Yuliang,et al. Effect of initial soil moisture content on single-line interference infiltration characteristics of muddy water film hole irrigation[J]. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,2016,30(5):235-239.(in Chinese)
[29]吴忠东,王全九.不同初始含水率条件下的微咸水入渗实验[J].农业机械学报,2010,41(增刊):53-58.WU Zhongdong,WANG Quanjiu. Saline water infiltration with different initial moisture contents[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2010,41(Supp.):53-58.(in Chinese)
[30]陈瑶,薛月菊,陈联诚,等. p H传感器温度补偿模型研究[J].传感技术学报,2012,25(8):1034-1038.CHEN Yao,XUE Yueju,CHEN Liancheng,et al. Research on p H sensor temperature compensation model[J]. Chinese Journal of Sensors and Actuators,2012,25(8):1034-1038.(in Chinese)
[2]李志安,邹碧,丁永祯,等.植物残茬对土壤酸度的影响及其作用机理[J].生态学报,2005,25(9):2382-2388.LI Zhian,ZOU Bi,DING Yongzhen,et al. Effect of plant residues on soil acidity and its mechanisms[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica,2005,25(9):2382-2388.(in Chinese)
[3] SMITH P,COTRUFO M F,RUMPEL C,et al. Biogeochemical cycles and biodiversity as key drivers of ecosystem services provided by soils[J]. Soil,2015,1(2):665-685.
[4]徐仁扣.土壤酸化及其调控研究进展[J].土壤,2015,47(2):238-244.XU Renkou. Research progresses in soil acidification and its control[J]. Soils,2015,47(2):238-244.(in Chinese)
[5] BRADY D J,EDWARDS D G,ASHER C J,et al. Calcium amelioration of aluminum toxicity effects on root hair development in soybean[Glycine-Max(L)Merr][J]. New Phytologist,2010,123(3):531-538.
[6] WRIGHT R F,COSBY B J,FLATEN M B,et al. Evaluation of an acidification model with data from manipulated catchments in Norway[J]. Nature,1990,343(6253):53-55.
[7]曾勇军,周庆红,吕伟生,等.土壤酸化对双季早、晚稻产量的影响[J].作物学报,2014,40(5):899-907.ZENG Yongjun,ZHOU Qinghong,LWeisheng,et al. Effects of soil acidification on the yield of double season rice[J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica,2014,40(5):899-907.(in Chinese)
[8]刁硕,王红旗,邱晨.土壤酸碱度测定方法的差异研究与探讨[J].环境工程,2015(增刊1):1015-1017.DIAO Shuo, WANG Hongqi, QIU Chen. Differences and discussion on determination methods of soil p H value[J].Environmental Engineering,2015(Supp. 1):1015-1017.(in Chinese)
[9] WALTER A,SILK W K,SCHURR U. Effect of soil p H on growth and cation deposition in the root tip of Zea mays L[J].Journal of Plant Growth Regulation,2000,19(1):65-76.
[10] SCHIRRMANN M,GEBBERS R,KRAMER E,et al. Soil p H mapping with an on-the-go sensor[J]. Sensors,2011,11(1):573-598.
[11]曹良坤,艾昌文,杨艳华,等.锑/玻璃双电极p H实时测控系统的设计与开发[J].云南大学学报(自然科学版),2007,29(增刊2):113-116.CAO Liangkun,AI Changwen,YANG Yanhua,et al. The design and development of antimony and glass electrode p H realtime measurement and control system[J]. Journal of Yunnan University(Natural Sciences Edition),2007,29(Supp. 2):113-116.(in Chinese)
[12]姜和.聚合物膜与高纯金属p H电极的研制[J].表面技术,2003,32(3):98-104.JIANG He. Development of polymer film and high pure metal p H electrode[J]. Surface Technology,2003,32(3):98-104.(in Chinese)
[13]赵燕东,李宁,皮婷婷.土壤多参数复合测试系统研究[J/OL].农业机械学报,2015,46(8):289-298.ZHAO Yandong,LI Ning,PI Tingting. Multi-parameter compounded testing system for soil[J/OL]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2015,46(8):289-298. http:∥www. j-csam. org/jcsam/ch/reader/view_abstract. aspx? flag=1&file_no=20150840&flag=1. DOI:10. 6041/j. issn. 1000-1298. 2015. 08. 040.(in Chinese)
[14]胡鹏程,时玮泽,梅健挺.高精度铂电阻测温系统[J].光学精密工程,2014,22(4):988-995.HU Pengcheng,SHI Weize,MEI Jianting. High precision Pt-resistance temperature measurement system[J]. Optics and Precision Engineering,2014,22(4):988-995.(in Chinese)
[15]汪定国,王怡苹.一种高精度铂电阻温度测量方法[J].电子测量技术,2012(11):104-107.WANG Dingguo,WANG Yiping. Method of high precision temperature measure based in platinum resistance[J]. Electronic Measurement Technology,2012(11):104-107.(in Chinese)
[16]王晓宁,史俊富.查表法校正铂电阻的非线性误差[J].医疗卫生装备,2004,25(11):59-60.WANG Xiaoning,SHI Junfu. Non-linear error correction of platinum resistance by look-up table method[J]. Chinese Medical Equipment Journal,2004,25(11):59-60.(in Chinese)
[17]顾吉林,刘淼,耿杨,等.基于PT100的高精度温度测量电路的设计[J].测控技术,2018,37(5):108-110.GU Jilin,LIU Miao,GENG Yang,et al. Design of a high-precision temperature measuring circuit based on PT100[J].Measurement&Control Technology,2018,37(5):108-110.(in Chinese)
[18]孙宇瑞,汪懋华.一种基于驻波比原理测量土壤介电常数的方法[J].农业工程学报,1999,15(2):37-41.SUN Yurui,WANG Maohua. A kind of determinations of soil dielectric constant using the principle of standing-wave ratio[J].Transactions of the CSAE,1999,15(2):37-41.(in Chinese)
[19]赵燕东,王一鸣.基于驻波率原理的土壤水分传感器的测量敏感度分析[J].农业工程学报,2002,18(2):5-8.ZHAO Yandong,WANG Yiming. Analysis of sensitivity of soil moisture measurement based on standing-wave ratio[J].Transactions of the CSAE,2002,18(2):5-8.(in Chinese)
[20]孙宇瑞.非饱和土壤介电特性测量理论与方法的研究[D].北京:中国农业大学,2000.SUN Yurui. Study on the measuring theory&method of dielectric characteristics for unsaturated soil[D]. Beijing:China Agricultural University,2000.(in Chinese)
[21]石长华,谢恩.基于FAT32文件系统和SD卡的陶瓷窑炉测温仪设计[J].激光杂志,2014(7):100-103.SHI Changhua,XIE En. Design of thermoscope of ceramic kiln based on FAT32 file system and SD card[J]. Lasernal,2014(7):100-103.(in Chinese)
[22]陈敏,陈孝杨,桂和荣,等.煤矸石充填重构土壤剖面温度变化对覆土厚度的响应[J].煤炭学报,2017,42(12):3270-3279.CHEN Min, CHEN Xiaoyang, GUI Herong, et al. Temperature variation and its response to topsoil thickness from reconstruction soil profile filled with coal gangue[J]. Journal of China Coal Society,2017,42(12):3270-3279.(in Chinese)
[23]嘎拉泰,朱双双,徐道春,等.鹫峰森林多层土壤温度变化规律的研究[J].林业工程学报,2018,3(3):136-141.GA Latai,ZHU Shuangshuang,XU Daochun,et al. Investigation of temperature changing patterns of multi-layer soil in Jiufeng Forest[J]. Journal of Forestry Engineering,2018,3(3):136-141.(in Chinese)
[24]郑应泽.土壤酸碱度对农作物生长的影响[J].玉溪师范学院学报,1994,10(增刊2):64-67.ZHENG Yingze. Effects of soil p H on crop growth[J]. Journal of Yuxi Teachers College,1994,10(Supp. 2):64-67.(in Chinese)
[25]王仁山,王义华,隋好林,等.改良土壤是测土配肥过程中的重要环节———土壤酸碱度的改良[J].磷肥与复肥,2006,21(6):68-70.WANG Renshan,WANG Yihua,SUI Haolin,et al. Soil amendment is the important link of formula fertilization by soil testing—improving the soil acidity and alkalinity[J]. Phosphate&Compound Fertilizer,2006,21(6):68-70.(in Chinese)
[26]隋好林,王仁山,王义华,等.土壤酸碱度对作物生长的影响及改良剂应用效果初探[J].山东农业科学,2007(2):90-91.SUI Haolin,WANG Renshan,WANG Yihua,et al. Effects of soil acidity and alkalinity on crop growth and application of amendments[J]. Shandong Agricultural Sciences,2007(2):90-91.(in Chinese)
[27]周富臣,孙玉莲.总体标准差σ的五种估计及估计精密度[J].计量技术,2006(12):60-64.ZHOU Fuchen,SUN Yulian. Five estimations and its precision of population standard deviationσ[J]. Measurement Technique,2006(12):60-64.(in Chinese)
[28]金世杰,费良军,傅渝亮,等.土壤初始含水率对浑水膜孔灌自由入渗特性影响[J].水土保持学报,2016,30(5):235-239.JIN Shijie,FEI Liangjun,FU Yuliang,et al. Effect of initial soil moisture content on single-line interference infiltration characteristics of muddy water film hole irrigation[J]. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,2016,30(5):235-239.(in Chinese)
[29]吴忠东,王全九.不同初始含水率条件下的微咸水入渗实验[J].农业机械学报,2010,41(增刊):53-58.WU Zhongdong,WANG Quanjiu. Saline water infiltration with different initial moisture contents[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2010,41(Supp.):53-58.(in Chinese)
[30]陈瑶,薛月菊,陈联诚,等. p H传感器温度补偿模型研究[J].传感技术学报,2012,25(8):1034-1038.CHEN Yao,XUE Yueju,CHEN Liancheng,et al. Research on p H sensor temperature compensation model[J]. Chinese Journal of Sensors and Actuators,2012,25(8):1034-1038.(in Chinese)