红肉火龙果新品种‘大龙’的选育
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摘要
‘大龙’火龙果系从国内外引进的火龙果种质资源中选育出来的优良红肉火龙果品种。该品种成熟果实椭圆至长圆形,果皮紫红色,平均单果质量510.38 g,最大单果质量825 g。果皮薄,果肉紫红色,可溶性固形物含量(ω,后同)20.29%,可溶性总糖含量10.42%,可滴定酸含量0.25%,糖酸比41.68,维生素C含量86.70 mg·kg~(-1)。肉质细腻多汁,风味浓郁,具黑芝麻状、可食用种子。投产早,可自花授粉,果型中等偏大,果肉色泽鲜艳、肉质细腻、口感风味俱佳。每年开花结果14~17次,花果重叠明显,单次开花结果周期32 d;早结丰产,定植第2年开花结果,第3年稳产,单产37 500kg·hm~(-2)以上,与白肉对照品种相当,适应性与抗逆性较强。适于火龙果适宜种植区域栽培,以砂壤质缓坡地建园最宜。
‘Dalong'is a new red pulp dragon fruit cultivar which was selected from dozens of dragon fruit germplasm resources collected from domestic and abroad by Hainan Academy of Agricultural Sciences. The branches of‘Dalong'are three or four rhombus cylindrical and the former take the majority.The young branches are pale green, and the matured branches are blackish green and succulent, on which dozens of yellowish brown or gray aerial roots are obviously observed. The perimeter of stem is 17.68 cm, and the matured branch segment is 55.80 cm in length with a perimeter of 17.42 cm. There are 14.8 short areoles on each ridge of the branch segment, where 2-5 yellowish brown to blackish brown thorns(mostly 3-4) attached and the tissue around the areole is suberification which is yellow brown to gray. The bud is creamy yellow and rapidly turns light red after 2-4 d, and will turn yellow green gradually as the bud progressively expanded. In the initial blossom period, the flower is funnelshaped hermaphroditic and 29.40 cm in length. The stamen is long and thin, the anther is creamy and the pistil stigma is yellowish green. The petal is pure white, erect, slender and ensiform. There are 21.40 calyxes per flower which is fleshy, liguliform, and yellowish green, with a purple red margin. The young fruit is green and will ripen about 30 d after flowering. The fruit is oval to long oval, with the fruit shape index of 1.34, whose surface is located by 18-30 red soft obtuse triangle-to-ensiform squamas. The average weight of single fruit is 510.38 g and the maximum fruit weight is 825 g. The soft purple-red fruit pericarp has been measured as 2.60 mm in thickness, which is nearly equal to the red pulpcontrol cultivar‘Zilong'(2.68 mm), but thinner than the white pulp control which is mainly cultivated in Hainan(3.26 mm) at a significant level(p < 0.05). The edible rate of fruit is 76.48%, The pulp is brightcoloured, purple to red, and has a total soluble solids content of 15.18%(entire pulp) and 20.29%(in middle portion), a total soluble sugar of 10.42%, total acid of 0.25%, vitamin C content of 86.70 mg·kg~(-1) and water content of 90.20%. The pulp is soft, tender, juicy and full-flavored, in which there are hundreds of edible soft black sesame-like seeds and sweet juice. This cultivar has the characteristics of an early production, a high self-fruitful rate(higher than 90%) without artificial pollination, moderately large fruit,brightly colored soft pulp with good taste, which exhibits a superior cultivation adaptability and strong resistance to stress and pests in the production process. This cultivar begins to fruit in the 1 st year after planting, and reaches stable yield 3 years later in Hainan island, with a yield of 37 500 kg · hm~(-2) at least under the condition of normal management. This cultivar exhibits obvious overlapping of flowering and fruiting period, and can harvest 14-17 batches per year with a 26-43 d(32 d on average)flowering-fruiting cycle. In our experiments, cultivar‘Dalong'shows great adaptive capacity and behaves well in comprehensive aspects. It is suitable to be cultivated in Hainan and potential to the other suitable planting areas of China, and the orchards located on gentle-slope with sandy loam are most appropriate.
‘Dalong'is a new red pulp dragon fruit cultivar which was selected from dozens of dragon fruit germplasm resources collected from domestic and abroad by Hainan Academy of Agricultural Sciences. The branches of‘Dalong'are three or four rhombus cylindrical and the former take the majority.The young branches are pale green, and the matured branches are blackish green and succulent, on which dozens of yellowish brown or gray aerial roots are obviously observed. The perimeter of stem is 17.68 cm, and the matured branch segment is 55.80 cm in length with a perimeter of 17.42 cm. There are 14.8 short areoles on each ridge of the branch segment, where 2-5 yellowish brown to blackish brown thorns(mostly 3-4) attached and the tissue around the areole is suberification which is yellow brown to gray. The bud is creamy yellow and rapidly turns light red after 2-4 d, and will turn yellow green gradually as the bud progressively expanded. In the initial blossom period, the flower is funnelshaped hermaphroditic and 29.40 cm in length. The stamen is long and thin, the anther is creamy and the pistil stigma is yellowish green. The petal is pure white, erect, slender and ensiform. There are 21.40 calyxes per flower which is fleshy, liguliform, and yellowish green, with a purple red margin. The young fruit is green and will ripen about 30 d after flowering. The fruit is oval to long oval, with the fruit shape index of 1.34, whose surface is located by 18-30 red soft obtuse triangle-to-ensiform squamas. The average weight of single fruit is 510.38 g and the maximum fruit weight is 825 g. The soft purple-red fruit pericarp has been measured as 2.60 mm in thickness, which is nearly equal to the red pulpcontrol cultivar‘Zilong'(2.68 mm), but thinner than the white pulp control which is mainly cultivated in Hainan(3.26 mm) at a significant level(p < 0.05). The edible rate of fruit is 76.48%, The pulp is brightcoloured, purple to red, and has a total soluble solids content of 15.18%(entire pulp) and 20.29%(in middle portion), a total soluble sugar of 10.42%, total acid of 0.25%, vitamin C content of 86.70 mg·kg~(-1) and water content of 90.20%. The pulp is soft, tender, juicy and full-flavored, in which there are hundreds of edible soft black sesame-like seeds and sweet juice. This cultivar has the characteristics of an early production, a high self-fruitful rate(higher than 90%) without artificial pollination, moderately large fruit,brightly colored soft pulp with good taste, which exhibits a superior cultivation adaptability and strong resistance to stress and pests in the production process. This cultivar begins to fruit in the 1 st year after planting, and reaches stable yield 3 years later in Hainan island, with a yield of 37 500 kg · hm~(-2) at least under the condition of normal management. This cultivar exhibits obvious overlapping of flowering and fruiting period, and can harvest 14-17 batches per year with a 26-43 d(32 d on average)flowering-fruiting cycle. In our experiments, cultivar‘Dalong'shows great adaptive capacity and behaves well in comprehensive aspects. It is suitable to be cultivated in Hainan and potential to the other suitable planting areas of China, and the orchards located on gentle-slope with sandy loam are most appropriate.
引文
[1]郑伟,王彬.火龙果生物学特性、保健价值及其发展前景[J].西南园艺,2004,32(3):47-48.ZHENG Wei,WANG Bin.Biological characteristics,healthcare value and development prospect of pitaya[J].Southwest Horticulture,2004,32(3):47-48.
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[3]李向宏,罗志文,陈德政,符碧海,陶挺燕,陈开京,何凡.‘紫龙’火龙果选育初报[J].中国南方果树,2014,46(5):133-134.LI Xianghong,LUO Zhiwen,CHEN Dezheng,FU Bihai,TAO Tingyan,CHEN Kaijing,HE Fan.Preliminary report on selection and breeding of a new dragon fruit cultivar‘Zilong’[J].South China Fruits,2014,46(5):133-134.
[4]韩冰,韩剑.海南省火龙果产业发展形势及其建议[J].中国南方果树,2015,44(5):156-158.HAN Bing,HAN Jian.Developping situation and suggestion of pitaya production in Hainan[J].South China Fruits,2015,44(5):156-158.
[2]郑文武,刘永华.我国火龙果生产现状及发展前景[J].中国热带农业,2008(3):17.ZHENG Wenwu,LIU Yonghua.Production status and development prospect of pitaya in China[J].China Tropical Agriculture,2008(3):17.
[3]李向宏,罗志文,陈德政,符碧海,陶挺燕,陈开京,何凡.‘紫龙’火龙果选育初报[J].中国南方果树,2014,46(5):133-134.LI Xianghong,LUO Zhiwen,CHEN Dezheng,FU Bihai,TAO Tingyan,CHEN Kaijing,HE Fan.Preliminary report on selection and breeding of a new dragon fruit cultivar‘Zilong’[J].South China Fruits,2014,46(5):133-134.
[4]韩冰,韩剑.海南省火龙果产业发展形势及其建议[J].中国南方果树,2015,44(5):156-158.HAN Bing,HAN Jian.Developping situation and suggestion of pitaya production in Hainan[J].South China Fruits,2015,44(5):156-158.