监管科技与合规科技:监管效率和合规成本
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摘要
近年来,为提高监管效率、降低合规成本,监管科技和合规科技快速发展。本文分析了两者的内在属性、差异及其相互关系。本文认为,监管科技可定义为监管主体运用新技术提高监管效率和能力;合规科技则可定义为金融机构采用技术手段满足合规要求,降低合规成本。监管科技的主要运用领域为数据收集、整合与报送,风险监测、分析与报告,金融基础设施建设,以及其他具有监管部门特色的监管科技实践探索;合规科技的运用领域主要有身份识别与管理、风险管理、合规分析与报告、反洗钱等金融交易监测等。从发展趋势看,两者的应用将逐步扩展至金融监管的事前、事中和事后的全部流程,并在某些领域的产品开发和应用上呈现出相互融合态势,但两者发展态势并不同步。总体看,监管科技和合规科技的底层技术并不是一成不变的,现有的技术手段还在不断探索开发并运用于这一领域。要推动监管科技和合规科技的发展,需要坚持风险为本、坚持消费者隐私保护、坚持以人为本进行风险处置、坚持强化交流与合作等原则。
Recently,in order to improve supervision efficiency and reduce compliance costs,Suptech and Regtech are developing rapidly.This paper analyzes their differences between their intrinsic attributes and relationships,and argues that the Suptech can be defined as the use of new technologies by supervisory authorities to improve supervision efficiency and capabilities and that the Regtech can be defined as the use of technologies by financial institutions to meet compliance requirements and reduce compliance costs.The main applications of Suptech are data collection,integration and reporting,risk monitoring,analysis and reporting,financial infrastructure construction,and other supervisory technology practices with supervision characteristics.The application of Regtech mainly includes identity recognition and management,risk management,compliance analysis and reporting,anti-money laundering and other financial transaction monitoring.From the perspective of development trends,their applications have gradually expanded to the ex-ante,interim and post-event supervisions,and have shown a mutual integration trend in some product developments,but they are not developing at the same pace.In general,the underlying technologies for Suptech and Regtech are not static,and some existing technologies are constantly explored in this field.In order to promote the development of Suptech and Regtech,we should adhere to the principles of risk-based method,consumer privacy protection,people-oriented risk management,and the enhancement of communication and cooperation.
Recently,in order to improve supervision efficiency and reduce compliance costs,Suptech and Regtech are developing rapidly.This paper analyzes their differences between their intrinsic attributes and relationships,and argues that the Suptech can be defined as the use of new technologies by supervisory authorities to improve supervision efficiency and capabilities and that the Regtech can be defined as the use of technologies by financial institutions to meet compliance requirements and reduce compliance costs.The main applications of Suptech are data collection,integration and reporting,risk monitoring,analysis and reporting,financial infrastructure construction,and other supervisory technology practices with supervision characteristics.The application of Regtech mainly includes identity recognition and management,risk management,compliance analysis and reporting,anti-money laundering and other financial transaction monitoring.From the perspective of development trends,their applications have gradually expanded to the ex-ante,interim and post-event supervisions,and have shown a mutual integration trend in some product developments,but they are not developing at the same pace.In general,the underlying technologies for Suptech and Regtech are not static,and some existing technologies are constantly explored in this field.In order to promote the development of Suptech and Regtech,we should adhere to the principles of risk-based method,consumer privacy protection,people-oriented risk management,and the enhancement of communication and cooperation.
引文
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6.李文红和蒋则沈,金融科技发展与监管:一个监管者的视角,金融监管研究,2017年第3期,1-13。
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8.杨涛和贲圣林,中国金融科技运行报告(2018),北京,社会科学文献出版社,2018年,394-413。
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16.Financial Stability Board,Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning in Financial Services Market Developments and Financial Stability Implications,https://www.fsb.org,November,2017.
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(1)https://www.centralbanking.com/awards/3858681/interview-clair-mills-on-the-meaning-of-fintech.
2.程军,监管科技的应用与发展,金融电子化,2017年7月,14-17。
3.杜宁、沈筱彦和王一鹤,监管科技概念及作用,中国金融,2017年第8期,53-55。
4.傅强,监管科技理论与实践发展研究,金融监管研究,2018年第11期,32-46。
5.何海锋、银丹妮和刘元兴,监管科技(Suptech):内涵、运用与发展趋势研究,金融监管研究,2018年第10期,65-78。
6.李文红和蒋则沈,金融科技发展与监管:一个监管者的视角,金融监管研究,2017年第3期,1-13。
7.杨东,监管科技:金融科技的监管挑战与维度建构,中国社会科学,2018年第5期,69-91。
8.杨涛和贲圣林,中国金融科技运行报告(2018),北京,社会科学文献出版社,2018年,394-413。
9.Basel Committee on Banking Supervision,Implication of Fintech Development for Banks and Bank Supervisors,https://www.bis.org/bcbs/publ/d415.htm,February,2018.
10.Bank for International Settlement,Innovative Technology in Financial Supervision(Suptech)-the Experience of Early Users,https://www.bis.org/fsi/publ/insights9.htm,July,2018.
11.Colaert,V.,RegTech ls a Response to Regulatory Expansion in the Financial Sector,SSRN Working Paper,No.2677116,March 2017.
12.Dan Murphy and Jackson Mueller,RegTech:Opportunities for More Efficient and Effective Regulatory Supervision and Compliance,Milken Institute,July 2018.
13.Davis,Lindsay,The State Of Regtech,CB Insights,https://www.cbinsights.com/research/briefing/state-of-regulatory-technology-regtech/,2017.
14.Deloitte,Regtech Universe,https://www2.deloitte.com/lu/en/pages/technology/articles/regtechCompanies-compliance.html,2018.
15.Financial Conduct Authority,Call for Input:Supporting the Development and Adoption of RegTech,https://www.fca.org.uk,November 2015.
16.Financial Stability Board,Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning in Financial Services Market Developments and Financial Stability Implications,https://www.fsb.org,November,2017.
17.Financial Stability Board,Fintech:Describing the Landscape and a Framework for Analysis,https://www.fsb.org,March 2016.
18.Institute of International Finance,RegTech:Exploring Solution for Regulatory Challenges,Washington DC,https://www.iif.com,October 2015.
19.Onfido,Onfido Case Study:Revolut,https://hub.onfido.com/case-studies/revolut-case-study/,2017.
20.Patrick Armstrong,Developments in RegTech and SupTech,Speech at Paris Dauphine University,Paris,https://www.esma.europa.eu,27 November,2018.
21.Toronto Center,Fintech,Regtech and Suptech:What They Mean for Financial Supervision,https://www.torontocentre.org/,August,2017.
22.Vizor Software,Bank Of England Prudential Regulation Authority Select Vizor,https://vizorsoftware.com/bank-of-england-prudential-regulation-authority-select-vizor-software/,2018.
(1)https://www.centralbanking.com/awards/3858681/interview-clair-mills-on-the-meaning-of-fintech.