颠覆性技术的政策保护空间研究——基于战略生态位管理视角
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摘要
作为新世纪技术创新的主流,发展颠覆性技术是抢占国际竞争制高点的重要手段,各国政府普遍给予政策支持。基于战略生态位管理(SNM)内生进程提出了11项政策工具,结合SNM生态位跃迁的三阶段构建了一个针对颠覆性技术政策保护空间的二维分析模型,为政策分析提供了新的视角和方法,旨在更好地指导政策工具的使用和优化以推动颠覆性技术成功跨越研发到市场应用之间的"死亡之谷",实现最终"颠覆"。最后,以新能源汽车为例,采用该模型分析其技术发展过程中政策保护空间的构建、演变以及政策工具的运用,验证了模型的科学性和实用性。
as the mainstream of technology innovation in the new century, developing disruptive technology is an important means to occupy the commanding heights of international competition. The governments of all countries generally provide policy support. This paper proposes eleven policy tools based on the internal process of strategic niche management(SNM) and combines the three stages of SNM niche transition to build a two-dimensional analysis model for the policy protection space of disruptive technology, which provides a new perspective for policy analysis. The aim is to better guide the use and optimization of policy tools to promote disruptive technology to successfully across the "valley of death" between research & development and market and achieve the ultimate "disruption". Finally, the effective of the model is verified with the study on the construction and evolution of the policy protection space and the application of policy tools in new energy vehicle industry.
as the mainstream of technology innovation in the new century, developing disruptive technology is an important means to occupy the commanding heights of international competition. The governments of all countries generally provide policy support. This paper proposes eleven policy tools based on the internal process of strategic niche management(SNM) and combines the three stages of SNM niche transition to build a two-dimensional analysis model for the policy protection space of disruptive technology, which provides a new perspective for policy analysis. The aim is to better guide the use and optimization of policy tools to promote disruptive technology to successfully across the "valley of death" between research & development and market and achieve the ultimate "disruption". Finally, the effective of the model is verified with the study on the construction and evolution of the policy protection space and the application of policy tools in new energy vehicle industry.
引文
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[2] 李瀛寰,谭骥,赵卓.飞信前生今世[N].时代周报,2010.
[3] Christensen C M.The Innovator's Dilemma:When New Technologies Cause Great Firms to Fail[M].Harvard Business Review Press,1997.
[4] Thomond P,Herzberg T,Lettice F.Disruptive Innovation:Removing the Innovators Dilemma[C].British Academy of Management Annual Conference:Knowledge into Practice,2003.
[5] 李平,臧树伟.基于破坏性创新的后发企业竞争优势构建路径分析[J].科学学研究,2015,(2):295-303.
[6] 冯灵,余翔.中国高铁破坏性创新路径探析[J].科研管理,2015,36(10):77-84.
[7] 王俊娜,李纪珍,禇文博.颠覆性创新的价值系统分析——以广东省LED照明行业为例[J].科学学研究,2012,30(4):614-621.
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[10] Hoogma R,Kemp R,Schot J,et al.Experimenting for Sustainable Transport:The Approach of Strategic Niche Management[M].Routledge,2005.
[11] Schot J,Hoogma R,Elzen B.Strategies for shifting technological systems:The case of the automobile system[J].Futures,1994,26(10):1060-1076.
[12] Verbong G,Christiaens W,Raven R,et al.Strategic niche management in an unstable regime:Biomass gasification in India[J].Environmental Science & Policy,2010,13(4):272-281.
[13] 张光宇,谢卫红,刘艳,等.战略生态位管理的理论与实践[M].科学出版社,2015.
[14] 叶芬斌,许为民.技术生态位与技术范式变迁[J].科学学研究,2012,30(3):321-327.
[15] 陈劲,王飞绒.创新政策:多国比较和发展框架[M].浙江大学出版社,2005.
[16] Hoogma R,Kemp R,Schot J,et al.Experimenting for Sustainable Transport:The Approach of Strategic Niche Management[M].Routledge,2005.
[17] Kemp R,Rip A,Schot J.Constructing transition paths through the management of niches[A].Path Dependence and Creation[C].Lawrence Erlbaum,2001:269-299.
[18] Hommels A,Peters P,Bijker W E.Techno therapy or nurtured niches?Technology studies and the evaluation of radical innovations[J].Research Policy,2007,36(7):1088-1099.
[19] Geels F,Kemp R.Transities vanuit sociotechnisch perspectief[R].Report for the Dutch Ministry of Environ ment,Enschede:Universiteit Twente,and Maastricht:MERIT,2000.
[20] Rothwell R,Zegveld W.Industrial Innovation and Public Policy:Preparing for the 1980s and the 1990s[M].Greenwood Pub Group,1981.
[2] 李瀛寰,谭骥,赵卓.飞信前生今世[N].时代周报,2010.
[3] Christensen C M.The Innovator's Dilemma:When New Technologies Cause Great Firms to Fail[M].Harvard Business Review Press,1997.
[4] Thomond P,Herzberg T,Lettice F.Disruptive Innovation:Removing the Innovators Dilemma[C].British Academy of Management Annual Conference:Knowledge into Practice,2003.
[5] 李平,臧树伟.基于破坏性创新的后发企业竞争优势构建路径分析[J].科学学研究,2015,(2):295-303.
[6] 冯灵,余翔.中国高铁破坏性创新路径探析[J].科研管理,2015,36(10):77-84.
[7] 王俊娜,李纪珍,禇文博.颠覆性创新的价值系统分析——以广东省LED照明行业为例[J].科学学研究,2012,30(4):614-621.
[8] Rip A.A quasi-evolutionary model of technological development and a cognitive approach to technology policy[J].Rivista di Studi Epistemologici e Sociali Sulla Scienza e la Tecnologia 2,1992,1992(2):69-102.
[9] Weber K M,Hoogma R,Lane B,et al.Experimenting with Sustainable Transport Innovations:A Workbook for Strategic Niche Management[M].Inst.for Prospective Technological Studies,1999.
[10] Hoogma R,Kemp R,Schot J,et al.Experimenting for Sustainable Transport:The Approach of Strategic Niche Management[M].Routledge,2005.
[11] Schot J,Hoogma R,Elzen B.Strategies for shifting technological systems:The case of the automobile system[J].Futures,1994,26(10):1060-1076.
[12] Verbong G,Christiaens W,Raven R,et al.Strategic niche management in an unstable regime:Biomass gasification in India[J].Environmental Science & Policy,2010,13(4):272-281.
[13] 张光宇,谢卫红,刘艳,等.战略生态位管理的理论与实践[M].科学出版社,2015.
[14] 叶芬斌,许为民.技术生态位与技术范式变迁[J].科学学研究,2012,30(3):321-327.
[15] 陈劲,王飞绒.创新政策:多国比较和发展框架[M].浙江大学出版社,2005.
[16] Hoogma R,Kemp R,Schot J,et al.Experimenting for Sustainable Transport:The Approach of Strategic Niche Management[M].Routledge,2005.
[17] Kemp R,Rip A,Schot J.Constructing transition paths through the management of niches[A].Path Dependence and Creation[C].Lawrence Erlbaum,2001:269-299.
[18] Hommels A,Peters P,Bijker W E.Techno therapy or nurtured niches?Technology studies and the evaluation of radical innovations[J].Research Policy,2007,36(7):1088-1099.
[19] Geels F,Kemp R.Transities vanuit sociotechnisch perspectief[R].Report for the Dutch Ministry of Environ ment,Enschede:Universiteit Twente,and Maastricht:MERIT,2000.
[20] Rothwell R,Zegveld W.Industrial Innovation and Public Policy:Preparing for the 1980s and the 1990s[M].Greenwood Pub Group,1981.