棉田烟粉虱的为害及其经济阈值分析
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摘要
【目的】研究烟粉虱对棉花为害性及棉田烟粉虱的防治指标,为棉田烟粉虱防控提供理论依据。【方法】采用田间试验、田间烟粉虱虫量系统调查、棉花产量测定的方法,分析烟粉虱对棉花为害性及防治数据,建立棉田烟粉虱的经济阈值。【结果】烟粉虱对棉花单株结铃数、单株籽棉重、皮棉单产等均有明显的影响,但对单铃重没有明显的影响;虫口密度(x)与棉花单株结铃数(Y_1)、单株籽棉重(Y_2)、皮棉单产(Y_3)等指标的回归方程分别为:Y_1=12.242 e~(-0.008 x )(r=0.912 7~(**)),Y_2=29.07e~(-0.009 6x )(r=0.894 4~(**)),Y_3=29.07 e~(-0.009 6x)(r=0.894 4~(**)),虫口密度与棉花单株铃重、衣分没有明显的相关关系。烟粉虱对棉花纤维长度有明显影响,虫量与棉花纤维长度(Y_4)回归方程为:Y_4=-0.004 6x+28.409 r=0.607~*。【结论】烟粉虱影响棉花产量和品质。棉田烟粉虱的经济和阈值以若虫计为1.9头/cm~2。
【Objective】 The project aims to investigate the damage of Bemisia tabaci to cotton and the control index in order to provide theoretical basis for the scientific prevention and control of cotton B. tabaci. 【Method】Through the field trials,the systematic investigation of B. tabaci and the determination of cotton yield,etc. the damage of B. tabaci to cotton was conducted, and then on this basis, the economic threshold of Bemisia. tabaci in cotton fields was set up.【Result】B. tabaci damage to cotton had significant effects on cotton boll number per plant, seed cotton weight per plant, seedless cotton yield per mu, but no significant influence on average boll weight. The regression equations of pest density with cotton boll number per plant, seed cotton weight per plant, seedless cotton yield per mu were Y_1= 12.242 e~(-0.008 x )(r = 0.912 7~(**)),Y_2= 29.07 e~(-0.009 6 x)(r=0.894 4~(**)),Y_3= 29.07 e~(-0.009 6 x)(r=0.894 4~(**)), respectively, but there was no significant correlation between pest density with average boll weight and cotton gin turnout. There was significant effect of B. tabaci on cotton fiber length with the regression equations :Y_4 =-0.004 6 x + 28.409 r=0.607~*.【Conclusion】The damage of B. tabaci affects both the cotton yield and the quality. The economic threshold of B. tabaci is 1.9 nmyph/cm~2
【Objective】 The project aims to investigate the damage of Bemisia tabaci to cotton and the control index in order to provide theoretical basis for the scientific prevention and control of cotton B. tabaci. 【Method】Through the field trials,the systematic investigation of B. tabaci and the determination of cotton yield,etc. the damage of B. tabaci to cotton was conducted, and then on this basis, the economic threshold of Bemisia. tabaci in cotton fields was set up.【Result】B. tabaci damage to cotton had significant effects on cotton boll number per plant, seed cotton weight per plant, seedless cotton yield per mu, but no significant influence on average boll weight. The regression equations of pest density with cotton boll number per plant, seed cotton weight per plant, seedless cotton yield per mu were Y_1= 12.242 e~(-0.008 x )(r = 0.912 7~(**)),Y_2= 29.07 e~(-0.009 6 x)(r=0.894 4~(**)),Y_3= 29.07 e~(-0.009 6 x)(r=0.894 4~(**)), respectively, but there was no significant correlation between pest density with average boll weight and cotton gin turnout. There was significant effect of B. tabaci on cotton fiber length with the regression equations :Y_4 =-0.004 6 x + 28.409 r=0.607~*.【Conclusion】The damage of B. tabaci affects both the cotton yield and the quality. The economic threshold of B. tabaci is 1.9 nmyph/cm~2
引文
[1]李凤荪.1953.中国经济昆虫(中册)[M].湖南农学院新湖南报印刷服务社.LI Fen-sun.(1953).China Economic Insect (middle volume) [M].New Hunan Newspaper Printing Service of Hunan Agricultural College.(in Chinese)
[2]张广学,王林瑶.棉虫图册[J].北京:科学出版社.1972:162ZHANG Guang-xue,WANG Lin-yao.(1972).Atlas for Cotton Insect [J].Beijing:Science Press,162.(in Chinese)
[3]罗志义,章伟年.棉田烟粉虱种群动态及杀虫剂的影响[J].昆虫学报,1989,32(3):293-299.LUO Zhi-yi,ZHANG Wei-nian.(1989).Population Dynamics and Insecticide Effects of Bemisia tabaci in Cotton Fields [J].Acta Entomologica Sinica,32(3):293-299.(in Chinese)
[4]王厚振,郭荣,肖云丽,等.2001.棉田烟粉虱发生为害及调查方法的探讨.见:朱恩林,经济作物有害生物防治研究进展》[M].北京:中国农业出版社.621-624.WANG Hou-zhen,GUO Rong,XIAO Yun-li,et al.(2001).Occurrence of Bemisia tabaci on Cotton Fields and its Investigation Methods.In:Advances in Pest Control of Cash Crops,Edited by Zhu en-lin [M].Beijing:China Agriculture Press,621-624.(in Chinese)
[5]赵莉,张荣,肖燕,等.危害棉花的重要害虫烟粉虱在新疆发现[J].新疆农业科学,2000,(1):27-28ZHAO Li,ZHANG Rong,XIAO Yan,et al.(2000).Bemisia tabaci,an Important Cotton Pest,was Found in Xinjiang[J].Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences,(1):27-28.(in Chinese)
[6]吴孔明,徐广,郭予元.华北北部地区棉田烟粉虱成虫季节性动态[J].植物保护,2001,27(2):14-15.WU Kong-ming,XU Guang,GUO Yu-yuan.(2001).Seasonal Dynamics of Adult Bemisia tabaci in Cotton Fields in North China [J].Plant Protection,27(2):14-15.(in Chinese)
[7]李杰,于江南,王登元.烟粉虱在棉田的分布规律研究.新疆农业大学农学院[J].新疆农业科学,2010,47(9):1 892-1 896.(in Chinese)LI Jie,YU Jiang-nan,WANG Deng-yuan,etal.(2010).Spatial Distribution Pattern of the Bemisia tabacci in Cotton Field [J].Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences,47(9):1,892-1,896.(in Chinese)
[8]周福才,杜予州,任顺祥,等.江苏棉田烟粉虱的种群动态及控制[J].扬州大学学报(农业与生命科学版),2005,26(1):89-93.ZHOU Fu-cai,DU Yu-zhou,REN Sun-xiang,et al.(2005).Population dynamics and control of Bemisia tabaci in cotton fields of Jiangsu province [J].Journal of Yangzhou University (Agricultural Life Science Ed.),26(1):89-93.(in Chinese)
[9]张淑莲,张锋,陈志杰.陕西棉田烟粉虱发生为害与综合防治对策[J].西北农业学报,2007,16(1):90-94.ZHANG Shu-lian,ZHANG Feng,CHEN Zhi-ji.(2007).Occurrence of Bemisia tabaci in Cotton Fields of Shan Xi Province and Comprehensive Control Measures [J].Journal of Northwest Agriculture,16(1):90-94.( in Chinese)
[10]贾尊尊,王小武,付开赟,等.新疆主要农区烟粉虱生物型鉴定及其对11种常用杀虫剂的抗性监测 [J].新疆农业科学,2017,54(2):304-312.(in Chinese)JIA Zun-zun,WANG Xiao-wu,FU Kai-yun,et al.(2017).Biotype Identification of Bemisia tabaci and 11 Kinds of Common Pesticides Resistance Status in Xinjiang Main Agricultural Areas [J].Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences,54(2):304-312.( in Chinese)
[11]杨爱民,周福才,胡其靖,等.烟粉虱为害对辣椒产量和品质的影响.扬州大学学报(农业与生命科学版),2014,34(1):77-80.YANG Ai-min,ZHOU Fu-cai,HU Qi-jing,et al.(2014).Effects of the damage of Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) on Yield and Quality of pepper [J].Journal of Yangzhou University (Agricultural Life Science Ed.),34(1):77-80.(in Chinese)
[12]胡荣利,祝树德,周福才,等.烟粉虱为害对番茄果实品质的影响.扬州大学学报(农业与生命科学版),2014,35(3):80-84.HU Rong-li,ZHU Shu-de,ZHOU Fu-cai,et al.(2014).Effects of Bemisia tabaci B Biotype on Fruit Quality of Tomato [J].Journal of Yangzhou University (Agricultural Life Science Ed.),35(3):80-84.(in Chinese)
[13]盛承发.害虫经济阈值的研究进展[J].昆虫学报,1989,32(4):492-499.SHENG Cheng-fa.(1989).Research Progress on Economic Threshold of Pests [J].Acta Entomologica Sinica,32(4):492-499.(in Chinese)
[14] Sukhija,H.S.,Butter,N.S.,& Singh,J.(1986).Determination of the economic threshold of whitefiy,＼r,bemisia tabaci＼r,genn.on american cotton in the Punjab.Tropical Pest Management,32(2):134-136.
[15] Naranjo,S.E.,Chu,C.C.,& Henneberry,T.J.(1996).Economic injury levels for bemisia tabaci (homoptera:aleyrodidae) in cotton:impact of crop price,control costs,and efficacy of control.Crop Protection,15(8):779-788.
[16]张孝羲主编.昆虫生态及预测预报[M].北京:农业出版社,1982:349-356.ZHANG Xiao-xi.(1982).Insect Ecology and Forecasting [M].Beijing:Agriculture Press:349-356.( in Chinese)
[17]纪从亮.棉花高产优质高效栽培实用技术.北京:中国农业出版社,2002.JI Cong-liang.(2002).Practical Techniques of Cotton Cultivation with High Yield,High Quality and High Efficiency [J].Beijing:Agriculture Press.(in Chinese)
[18]周福才.转Bt基因棉花上烟粉虱的发生规律及种群控制[D].广州:华南农业大学博士论文,2004.ZHOU Fu-cai.(2004).Studies on the Occurrence and Control of Sweetpotato Whitefly Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) (Homoptera:Aleyrodidae) on Transgenic BT Cotton [D].PhD Dissertation.South China Agricultural University,Guangzhou.( in Chinese)
[2]张广学,王林瑶.棉虫图册[J].北京:科学出版社.1972:162ZHANG Guang-xue,WANG Lin-yao.(1972).Atlas for Cotton Insect [J].Beijing:Science Press,162.(in Chinese)
[3]罗志义,章伟年.棉田烟粉虱种群动态及杀虫剂的影响[J].昆虫学报,1989,32(3):293-299.LUO Zhi-yi,ZHANG Wei-nian.(1989).Population Dynamics and Insecticide Effects of Bemisia tabaci in Cotton Fields [J].Acta Entomologica Sinica,32(3):293-299.(in Chinese)
[4]王厚振,郭荣,肖云丽,等.2001.棉田烟粉虱发生为害及调查方法的探讨.见:朱恩林,经济作物有害生物防治研究进展》[M].北京:中国农业出版社.621-624.WANG Hou-zhen,GUO Rong,XIAO Yun-li,et al.(2001).Occurrence of Bemisia tabaci on Cotton Fields and its Investigation Methods.In:Advances in Pest Control of Cash Crops,Edited by Zhu en-lin [M].Beijing:China Agriculture Press,621-624.(in Chinese)
[5]赵莉,张荣,肖燕,等.危害棉花的重要害虫烟粉虱在新疆发现[J].新疆农业科学,2000,(1):27-28ZHAO Li,ZHANG Rong,XIAO Yan,et al.(2000).Bemisia tabaci,an Important Cotton Pest,was Found in Xinjiang[J].Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences,(1):27-28.(in Chinese)
[6]吴孔明,徐广,郭予元.华北北部地区棉田烟粉虱成虫季节性动态[J].植物保护,2001,27(2):14-15.WU Kong-ming,XU Guang,GUO Yu-yuan.(2001).Seasonal Dynamics of Adult Bemisia tabaci in Cotton Fields in North China [J].Plant Protection,27(2):14-15.(in Chinese)
[7]李杰,于江南,王登元.烟粉虱在棉田的分布规律研究.新疆农业大学农学院[J].新疆农业科学,2010,47(9):1 892-1 896.(in Chinese)LI Jie,YU Jiang-nan,WANG Deng-yuan,etal.(2010).Spatial Distribution Pattern of the Bemisia tabacci in Cotton Field [J].Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences,47(9):1,892-1,896.(in Chinese)
[8]周福才,杜予州,任顺祥,等.江苏棉田烟粉虱的种群动态及控制[J].扬州大学学报(农业与生命科学版),2005,26(1):89-93.ZHOU Fu-cai,DU Yu-zhou,REN Sun-xiang,et al.(2005).Population dynamics and control of Bemisia tabaci in cotton fields of Jiangsu province [J].Journal of Yangzhou University (Agricultural Life Science Ed.),26(1):89-93.(in Chinese)
[9]张淑莲,张锋,陈志杰.陕西棉田烟粉虱发生为害与综合防治对策[J].西北农业学报,2007,16(1):90-94.ZHANG Shu-lian,ZHANG Feng,CHEN Zhi-ji.(2007).Occurrence of Bemisia tabaci in Cotton Fields of Shan Xi Province and Comprehensive Control Measures [J].Journal of Northwest Agriculture,16(1):90-94.( in Chinese)
[10]贾尊尊,王小武,付开赟,等.新疆主要农区烟粉虱生物型鉴定及其对11种常用杀虫剂的抗性监测 [J].新疆农业科学,2017,54(2):304-312.(in Chinese)JIA Zun-zun,WANG Xiao-wu,FU Kai-yun,et al.(2017).Biotype Identification of Bemisia tabaci and 11 Kinds of Common Pesticides Resistance Status in Xinjiang Main Agricultural Areas [J].Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences,54(2):304-312.( in Chinese)
[11]杨爱民,周福才,胡其靖,等.烟粉虱为害对辣椒产量和品质的影响.扬州大学学报(农业与生命科学版),2014,34(1):77-80.YANG Ai-min,ZHOU Fu-cai,HU Qi-jing,et al.(2014).Effects of the damage of Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) on Yield and Quality of pepper [J].Journal of Yangzhou University (Agricultural Life Science Ed.),34(1):77-80.(in Chinese)
[12]胡荣利,祝树德,周福才,等.烟粉虱为害对番茄果实品质的影响.扬州大学学报(农业与生命科学版),2014,35(3):80-84.HU Rong-li,ZHU Shu-de,ZHOU Fu-cai,et al.(2014).Effects of Bemisia tabaci B Biotype on Fruit Quality of Tomato [J].Journal of Yangzhou University (Agricultural Life Science Ed.),35(3):80-84.(in Chinese)
[13]盛承发.害虫经济阈值的研究进展[J].昆虫学报,1989,32(4):492-499.SHENG Cheng-fa.(1989).Research Progress on Economic Threshold of Pests [J].Acta Entomologica Sinica,32(4):492-499.(in Chinese)
[14] Sukhija,H.S.,Butter,N.S.,& Singh,J.(1986).Determination of the economic threshold of whitefiy,＼r,bemisia tabaci＼r,genn.on american cotton in the Punjab.Tropical Pest Management,32(2):134-136.
[15] Naranjo,S.E.,Chu,C.C.,& Henneberry,T.J.(1996).Economic injury levels for bemisia tabaci (homoptera:aleyrodidae) in cotton:impact of crop price,control costs,and efficacy of control.Crop Protection,15(8):779-788.
[16]张孝羲主编.昆虫生态及预测预报[M].北京:农业出版社,1982:349-356.ZHANG Xiao-xi.(1982).Insect Ecology and Forecasting [M].Beijing:Agriculture Press:349-356.( in Chinese)
[17]纪从亮.棉花高产优质高效栽培实用技术.北京:中国农业出版社,2002.JI Cong-liang.(2002).Practical Techniques of Cotton Cultivation with High Yield,High Quality and High Efficiency [J].Beijing:Agriculture Press.(in Chinese)
[18]周福才.转Bt基因棉花上烟粉虱的发生规律及种群控制[D].广州:华南农业大学博士论文,2004.ZHOU Fu-cai.(2004).Studies on the Occurrence and Control of Sweetpotato Whitefly Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) (Homoptera:Aleyrodidae) on Transgenic BT Cotton [D].PhD Dissertation.South China Agricultural University,Guangzhou.( in Chinese)