辉长岩质边坡酸雨致滑机理试验研究
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摘要
酸雨作为一种常见自然灾害,不但会对环境产生污染和破坏,也会引起岩土体的失稳破坏如边坡垮塌等,学者们对后者的研究较少。酸雨区基性/超基性岩质边坡失稳现象常见,但结合酸雨影响的失稳机理尚有待研究。本文以典型酸雨区雅安境内一辉长岩边坡为例,首先设计了岩石酸雨化学风化模拟实验,开展了不同贯通度和酸雨作用历时的辉长岩结构面酸蚀作用研究;通过岩体结构面直接剪切试验及边坡稳定性计算对比分析了不同酸雨作用历时条件下的边坡滑动稳定性,论证了酸雨作用对边坡稳定性的显著弱化作用。通过对酸雨作用前后试样的X衍射测试(XRD)、偏光显微镜薄片观察、扫描电子显微镜测试(SEM)提出了酸雨显著弱化边坡稳定性的内在原因,认为辉长岩边坡酸雨弱化机理主要体现在两个方面:岩石中的链状硅酸盐矿物(辉石)和架状硅酸盐矿物(基性斜长石)酸蚀为层状硅酸盐矿物(绿泥石、伊利石及高岭石),显著降低结构面抗剪强度;可溶盐及部分黏土矿物逐渐被酸雨溶解携运流失,结构面上逐渐发育裂隙,使潜在滑面有效抗剪面积减小。研究成果可为酸雨地区的岩土体稳定性分析评价及加固工程设计提供参考。
As a kind of common nature disaster,acid rain will not only pollute and damage the environment,but also trigger the failure of rock and soil mass such as slope collapse,while scholars study less on the latter. The failure of slope of mafic igneous/ultramafic igneous rocks is not unusual in the acid rain area,but the specific mechanism of instability remains to be studied by considering the acid rain effects. In this paper,gabbro samples from a cutting slope in Ya'an city of typical acid rain area were processed,and the simulated acid rain treatment of pH 3. 0 in the laboratory was carried out. The shear strength parameters of structural plane of samples before and after the action of acid rain were compared by direct shear tests. Then the slope stability before and after the action of acid rain was studied and evaluated. The result shows that the slope stability decreases with the increase of acid rain duration. In order to obtain the internal reasons of acid rain significantly weakening the slope stability,samples before and after the action of acid rain were tested by X-ray Diffraction( XRD),Polarizing Microscope and Scanning Electron Microscope( SEM). The results indicate that the mechanism of acid rain weakening on the gabbro slope is mainly reflected in two aspects. Part of the chain silicate mineral( pyroxene) and the framework silicate mineral( calcic plagioclase) convert into layered silicate minerals( chlorite,illite and kaolinite) under acidic conditions,which is inferred to be one of the major causes of the decrease of the shear strength parameters. With soluble salts and part of clay minerals being gradually dissolved and removed out by acid rain,cracks gradually grow and propagate on the structural plane of samples. Newly formed cracks leading to the less effective shear area of structural plane probably also accelerates the reduction of strength. Conclusion of this paper may be taken as references for the stability analysis of rock slopes in acid rain area and their reinforcement design methods.
As a kind of common nature disaster,acid rain will not only pollute and damage the environment,but also trigger the failure of rock and soil mass such as slope collapse,while scholars study less on the latter. The failure of slope of mafic igneous/ultramafic igneous rocks is not unusual in the acid rain area,but the specific mechanism of instability remains to be studied by considering the acid rain effects. In this paper,gabbro samples from a cutting slope in Ya'an city of typical acid rain area were processed,and the simulated acid rain treatment of pH 3. 0 in the laboratory was carried out. The shear strength parameters of structural plane of samples before and after the action of acid rain were compared by direct shear tests. Then the slope stability before and after the action of acid rain was studied and evaluated. The result shows that the slope stability decreases with the increase of acid rain duration. In order to obtain the internal reasons of acid rain significantly weakening the slope stability,samples before and after the action of acid rain were tested by X-ray Diffraction( XRD),Polarizing Microscope and Scanning Electron Microscope( SEM). The results indicate that the mechanism of acid rain weakening on the gabbro slope is mainly reflected in two aspects. Part of the chain silicate mineral( pyroxene) and the framework silicate mineral( calcic plagioclase) convert into layered silicate minerals( chlorite,illite and kaolinite) under acidic conditions,which is inferred to be one of the major causes of the decrease of the shear strength parameters. With soluble salts and part of clay minerals being gradually dissolved and removed out by acid rain,cracks gradually grow and propagate on the structural plane of samples. Newly formed cracks leading to the less effective shear area of structural plane probably also accelerates the reduction of strength. Conclusion of this paper may be taken as references for the stability analysis of rock slopes in acid rain area and their reinforcement design methods.
引文
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Du T T,Li Z Q,Wang X M,et al.2018.Model experiment study on erosion of loess slope due to rainfall[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,26(3):732-740.
Feng W K,Zhou Q,Bai H L,et al.2018.Effect of rainfall to the stability of ice water accumulation of the Huanxipo[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,26(3):655-662.
Gupta V,Ahmed I.2007.The effect of p H of water and mineralogical properties on the slake durability(degradability)of different rocks from the Lesser Himalaya,India[J].Engineering Geology,95(3-4):79-87.
Han B.2016.Research on landslide monitoring and early warning in Ya'an area[D].Beijing:China University of Geosciences(Beijing).
Li Y.2005.Preliminary study on precipitation threshold of precipitationinduced landslides in Ya'an Yucheng district,Sichuan Province[J].Hydrogeology&Engineering Geology,(1):26-29.
Li Y,Zhang M,Shu M,et al.2016.Chemical characteristics of rainwater in Sichuan Basin,a case study of Ya'an[J].Environmental Science and Pollution Research,23(13):13088-13099.
Liu X R,Zhang L,Fu Y.2014.Experimental study of mechanical properties of argillaceous sandstone under wet and dry cycle in acid environment[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,35(S2):45-52.
Liu Y R,Tang H M.2009.Rock mechanics[M].Beijing:Chemical Industry Publishing House.
Niu J G,Niu D T,Zhou H S.2008.Review on damage and control measures of acid rain[J].Journal of Catastrophology,23(4):110-116.
Taghipour M,Nikudel M R,Farhadian M B.2016.Engineering properties and durability of limestones used in Persepolis complex,Iran,against acid solutions[J].Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment,75(3):967-978.
The Professional Standards Compilation Group of People's Republic of China.2002.Technical specification for building slope engineering(GB/T 50330-2002)[S].Beijing:China Architecture and Building Press.
Wang W,Li X H,Zhu Q Z,et al.2017.Experimental study of mechanical characteristics of sandy slate under chemical corrosion[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2559-2566,3573.
Wang Z B,Zhang M,Chen J J,et al.2017.Effects of acid rain on mechanical properties of the shale in the slip zone of Jiweishan landslide in Wulong of Chongqing[J].Hydrogeology&Engineering Geology,44(3):113-118.
Wang Z B,Xu Z M.2008.Petrochemistry and mineralogy of basalt saprolite in the Touzhai landslide[J].Acta Mineralogica Sinica,28(4):447-454.
Xiao J X,Cheng Y F,Wang L F.2006.Development of research of connectivity rate of discontinuities in rock mass and application[J].China Journal of Underground Space and Engineering,2(2):325-328,334.
Xu Z M,Huang R Q,Tang Z G,et al.2005.Clay minerals and failure slopes[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,24(5):729-740.
Xu Z M,Huang R Q,Tang Z G.2007.Engineering geological characteristics of the Touzhai landslide and its occurrence mechanisms[J].Geological Review,53(5):691-698.
Yang A,Sun B,Zhao Q G.1999.Distribution and cause of acid rain in China and the impact on the soil environment[J].Soils,(1):13-18.
Ye S H,Shi Y L.2018.Stability analysis of multi-stage high slope with loess under rainfall infiltration[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,26(6):1648-1656.
Yu B S,Zhao Z D,Su S G.2012.Petrology(Second Edition)[M].Beijing:Geological Publishing House.
Yu H W.2018.Bulletin on the State of the Environment of Sichuan Province,2014-2017[R].Sichuan:Sichuan Provincial Department of Environmental Protection.
Zhang M,Mc Saveney M J.2018.Is air pollution causing landslides in China?[J].Earth and Planetary Science Letters,481:284-289.
Zhang X M,Chai F H,Wang S L,et al.2010.Research progress of acid rain precipitation in China[J].Research of Environmental Sciences,23(5):527-532.
Zhang Z Y,Wang S T,Wang L S.2009.Analysis principles of engineering geology(Third Edition)[M].Beijing:Geological Publishing House.
Zhao Y,Cui P,Hu L B.2009.Relation between evolution of clay shear strength and landslide induced by acid rain-taking landslides in three gorges reservoir area for example[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,28(3):576-582.
邓涛,詹金武,黄明,等.2014.酸碱环境下红层软岩一泥质页岩的崩解特性试验研究[J].工程地质学报,22(2):238-243.
杜婷婷,李志清,王晓明,等.2018.黄土边坡降雨冲刷模型试验研究[J].工程地质学报,26(3):732-740.
冯文凯,周强,白慧林,等.2018.降雨作用对欢喜坡冰水堆积体斜坡稳定性的影响研究[J].工程地质学报,26(3):655-662.
韩冰.2016.雅安地区滑坡灾害监测预警研究[D].北京:中国地质大学(北京).
李媛.2005.四川雅安市雨城区降雨诱发滑坡临界值初步研究[J].水文地质工程地质,(1):26-29.
刘新荣,张梁,傅晏.2014.酸性环境干湿循环对泥质砂岩力学特性影响的试验研究[J].岩土力学,35(S2):45-52.
刘佑荣,唐辉明.2009.岩体力学[M].北京:化工出版社.
牛建刚,牛荻涛,周浩爽.2008.酸雨的危害及其防治综述[J].灾害学,23(4):110-116.
王伟,李雪浩,朱其志,等.2017.水化学腐蚀对砂板岩力学性能影响的试验研究[J].岩土力学,38(9):2559-2566,3573.
王正波,张明,陈建军,等.2017.酸雨对重庆武隆鸡尾山滑坡滑带页岩物理力学性质的影响[J].水文地质工程地质,44(3):113-118.
王志兵,徐则民.2008.头寨滑坡玄武岩腐岩的岩石化学和矿物学特征[J].矿物学报,28(4):447-454.
肖建勋,程远帆,王利丰.2006.岩体结构面连通率研究进展及应用[J].地下空间与工程学报,2(2):325-328,334.
徐则民,黄润秋,唐正光,等.2005.黏土矿物与斜坡失稳[J].岩石力学与工程学报,24(5):729-740.
徐则民,黄润秋,唐正光.2007.头寨滑坡的工程地质特征及其发生机制[J].地质论评,53(5):691-698.
杨昂,孙波,赵其国.1999.中国酸雨的分布、成因及其对土壤环境的影响[J].土壤,(1):14-19.
叶帅华,时轶磊.2018.降雨入渗条件下多级黄土高边坡稳定性分析[J].工程地质学报,26(6):1648-1656.
于炳松,赵志丹,苏尚国.2012.岩石学(第二版)[M].北京:地质出版社.
于会文.2018.四川省环境状况公报[R].四川:四川省环境保护厅.
张新民,柴发合,王淑兰,等.2010.中国酸雨研究现状[J].环境科学研究,23(5):527-532.
张倬元,王士天,王兰生.2009.工程地质分析原理(第三版)[M].北京:地质出版社.
赵宇,崔鹏,胡良博.2009.黏土抗剪强度演化与酸雨引发滑坡的关系---以三峡库区滑坡为例[J].岩石力学与工程学报,28(3):576-582.
中华人民共和国行业标准编写组.2002.建筑边坡工程技术规范(GB/T 50330-2002)[S].北京:中国建筑工业出版社.
Deng T,Zhan J W,Huang M,et al.2014.Disintegration characteristics test of red-bed soft rock argillaceous shale in acid and alkali environment[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,22(2):238-243.
Du T T,Li Z Q,Wang X M,et al.2018.Model experiment study on erosion of loess slope due to rainfall[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,26(3):732-740.
Feng W K,Zhou Q,Bai H L,et al.2018.Effect of rainfall to the stability of ice water accumulation of the Huanxipo[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,26(3):655-662.
Gupta V,Ahmed I.2007.The effect of p H of water and mineralogical properties on the slake durability(degradability)of different rocks from the Lesser Himalaya,India[J].Engineering Geology,95(3-4):79-87.
Han B.2016.Research on landslide monitoring and early warning in Ya'an area[D].Beijing:China University of Geosciences(Beijing).
Li Y.2005.Preliminary study on precipitation threshold of precipitationinduced landslides in Ya'an Yucheng district,Sichuan Province[J].Hydrogeology&Engineering Geology,(1):26-29.
Li Y,Zhang M,Shu M,et al.2016.Chemical characteristics of rainwater in Sichuan Basin,a case study of Ya'an[J].Environmental Science and Pollution Research,23(13):13088-13099.
Liu X R,Zhang L,Fu Y.2014.Experimental study of mechanical properties of argillaceous sandstone under wet and dry cycle in acid environment[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,35(S2):45-52.
Liu Y R,Tang H M.2009.Rock mechanics[M].Beijing:Chemical Industry Publishing House.
Niu J G,Niu D T,Zhou H S.2008.Review on damage and control measures of acid rain[J].Journal of Catastrophology,23(4):110-116.
Taghipour M,Nikudel M R,Farhadian M B.2016.Engineering properties and durability of limestones used in Persepolis complex,Iran,against acid solutions[J].Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment,75(3):967-978.
The Professional Standards Compilation Group of People's Republic of China.2002.Technical specification for building slope engineering(GB/T 50330-2002)[S].Beijing:China Architecture and Building Press.
Wang W,Li X H,Zhu Q Z,et al.2017.Experimental study of mechanical characteristics of sandy slate under chemical corrosion[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2559-2566,3573.
Wang Z B,Zhang M,Chen J J,et al.2017.Effects of acid rain on mechanical properties of the shale in the slip zone of Jiweishan landslide in Wulong of Chongqing[J].Hydrogeology&Engineering Geology,44(3):113-118.
Wang Z B,Xu Z M.2008.Petrochemistry and mineralogy of basalt saprolite in the Touzhai landslide[J].Acta Mineralogica Sinica,28(4):447-454.
Xiao J X,Cheng Y F,Wang L F.2006.Development of research of connectivity rate of discontinuities in rock mass and application[J].China Journal of Underground Space and Engineering,2(2):325-328,334.
Xu Z M,Huang R Q,Tang Z G,et al.2005.Clay minerals and failure slopes[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,24(5):729-740.
Xu Z M,Huang R Q,Tang Z G.2007.Engineering geological characteristics of the Touzhai landslide and its occurrence mechanisms[J].Geological Review,53(5):691-698.
Yang A,Sun B,Zhao Q G.1999.Distribution and cause of acid rain in China and the impact on the soil environment[J].Soils,(1):13-18.
Ye S H,Shi Y L.2018.Stability analysis of multi-stage high slope with loess under rainfall infiltration[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,26(6):1648-1656.
Yu B S,Zhao Z D,Su S G.2012.Petrology(Second Edition)[M].Beijing:Geological Publishing House.
Yu H W.2018.Bulletin on the State of the Environment of Sichuan Province,2014-2017[R].Sichuan:Sichuan Provincial Department of Environmental Protection.
Zhang M,Mc Saveney M J.2018.Is air pollution causing landslides in China?[J].Earth and Planetary Science Letters,481:284-289.
Zhang X M,Chai F H,Wang S L,et al.2010.Research progress of acid rain precipitation in China[J].Research of Environmental Sciences,23(5):527-532.
Zhang Z Y,Wang S T,Wang L S.2009.Analysis principles of engineering geology(Third Edition)[M].Beijing:Geological Publishing House.
Zhao Y,Cui P,Hu L B.2009.Relation between evolution of clay shear strength and landslide induced by acid rain-taking landslides in three gorges reservoir area for example[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,28(3):576-582.
邓涛,詹金武,黄明,等.2014.酸碱环境下红层软岩一泥质页岩的崩解特性试验研究[J].工程地质学报,22(2):238-243.
杜婷婷,李志清,王晓明,等.2018.黄土边坡降雨冲刷模型试验研究[J].工程地质学报,26(3):732-740.
冯文凯,周强,白慧林,等.2018.降雨作用对欢喜坡冰水堆积体斜坡稳定性的影响研究[J].工程地质学报,26(3):655-662.
韩冰.2016.雅安地区滑坡灾害监测预警研究[D].北京:中国地质大学(北京).
李媛.2005.四川雅安市雨城区降雨诱发滑坡临界值初步研究[J].水文地质工程地质,(1):26-29.
刘新荣,张梁,傅晏.2014.酸性环境干湿循环对泥质砂岩力学特性影响的试验研究[J].岩土力学,35(S2):45-52.
刘佑荣,唐辉明.2009.岩体力学[M].北京:化工出版社.
牛建刚,牛荻涛,周浩爽.2008.酸雨的危害及其防治综述[J].灾害学,23(4):110-116.
王伟,李雪浩,朱其志,等.2017.水化学腐蚀对砂板岩力学性能影响的试验研究[J].岩土力学,38(9):2559-2566,3573.
王正波,张明,陈建军,等.2017.酸雨对重庆武隆鸡尾山滑坡滑带页岩物理力学性质的影响[J].水文地质工程地质,44(3):113-118.
王志兵,徐则民.2008.头寨滑坡玄武岩腐岩的岩石化学和矿物学特征[J].矿物学报,28(4):447-454.
肖建勋,程远帆,王利丰.2006.岩体结构面连通率研究进展及应用[J].地下空间与工程学报,2(2):325-328,334.
徐则民,黄润秋,唐正光,等.2005.黏土矿物与斜坡失稳[J].岩石力学与工程学报,24(5):729-740.
徐则民,黄润秋,唐正光.2007.头寨滑坡的工程地质特征及其发生机制[J].地质论评,53(5):691-698.
杨昂,孙波,赵其国.1999.中国酸雨的分布、成因及其对土壤环境的影响[J].土壤,(1):14-19.
叶帅华,时轶磊.2018.降雨入渗条件下多级黄土高边坡稳定性分析[J].工程地质学报,26(6):1648-1656.
于炳松,赵志丹,苏尚国.2012.岩石学(第二版)[M].北京:地质出版社.
于会文.2018.四川省环境状况公报[R].四川:四川省环境保护厅.
张新民,柴发合,王淑兰,等.2010.中国酸雨研究现状[J].环境科学研究,23(5):527-532.
张倬元,王士天,王兰生.2009.工程地质分析原理(第三版)[M].北京:地质出版社.
赵宇,崔鹏,胡良博.2009.黏土抗剪强度演化与酸雨引发滑坡的关系---以三峡库区滑坡为例[J].岩石力学与工程学报,28(3):576-582.
中华人民共和国行业标准编写组.2002.建筑边坡工程技术规范(GB/T 50330-2002)[S].北京:中国建筑工业出版社.