TMPTA对光伏用封装胶膜的影响研究
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摘要
采用三丙烯酸丙烷三甲醇酯(TMPTA)作为化学交联助剂,研究其对过氧化苯甲酰(BPO)交联太阳能光伏发电组件用乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯(EVA)封装胶膜的影响。分析结果表明,TMPTA加入到EVA-BPO体系中,起增塑作用,可改善初期流动性,并促进其化学交联固化过程,提高交联效率。TMPTA用量为0～1. 0%时,无转子硫化仪测定最小转矩由0. 14 N·m降至0. 12 N·m,最大转矩由0. 26 N·m增至0. 95 N·m,流动时间由1. 69 min降至0. 88min,固化时间由24. 18 min降至10. 43 min。经溶剂法测得EVA胶膜的交联度由51. 0%增加到98. 45%,拉伸强度由11. 72 MPa增至16. 63 MPa,断裂伸长率由803%降至328%。动态热机械分析表明EVA胶膜的储能模量(E')随TMPTA的含量增加而增加,同时玻璃化转变温度(Tg)向高温偏移。
The effect of trimethylolpropane triacrylate( TMPTA) which used as cross-linked auxiliaries on ethylene-vinyl acetate( EVA) encapsulated film of benzoyl peroxide( BPO) cross-linked solar photovoltaic components was studied. The analysis results show that TMPTA acts as a plasticizing role in the EVA-BPO system. It could improve the initial liquidity, promote the chemical crosslinking solidification process,and improve the crosslinking efficiency. When the amount of TMPTA is 0 ～ 1. 0%,the minimum torque could be reduced from 0. 14 N·m to 0. 12 N·m,the maximum torque increases from 0. 26 N·m to0. 95 N·m,the flow time could reduce from 1. 69 min to 0. 88 min and the curing time reduces from 24. 18 min to 10. 43 min which is measured by the rotor-free vulcanizer. The cross-linked degree of EVA film increases from 51. 0% to 98. 45%,which is measured by solvent method. The tensile strength increases from11. 72 MPa to 16. 63 MPa and the fracture elongation decreases from 803% to 328%. Dynamic mechanical analyses show that the energy storage modulus( E') of EVA film increases with the increasing of TMPTA dosage,while the glass transition temperature( Tg) shifts to high temperature.
The effect of trimethylolpropane triacrylate( TMPTA) which used as cross-linked auxiliaries on ethylene-vinyl acetate( EVA) encapsulated film of benzoyl peroxide( BPO) cross-linked solar photovoltaic components was studied. The analysis results show that TMPTA acts as a plasticizing role in the EVA-BPO system. It could improve the initial liquidity, promote the chemical crosslinking solidification process,and improve the crosslinking efficiency. When the amount of TMPTA is 0 ～ 1. 0%,the minimum torque could be reduced from 0. 14 N·m to 0. 12 N·m,the maximum torque increases from 0. 26 N·m to0. 95 N·m,the flow time could reduce from 1. 69 min to 0. 88 min and the curing time reduces from 24. 18 min to 10. 43 min which is measured by the rotor-free vulcanizer. The cross-linked degree of EVA film increases from 51. 0% to 98. 45%,which is measured by solvent method. The tensile strength increases from11. 72 MPa to 16. 63 MPa and the fracture elongation decreases from 803% to 328%. Dynamic mechanical analyses show that the energy storage modulus( E') of EVA film increases with the increasing of TMPTA dosage,while the glass transition temperature( Tg) shifts to high temperature.
引文
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[15]ZURINA M,ISMAIL H,RATNAM C T.Effect of trimethylolpropane triacrylate(TMPTA)on the properties of irradiated epoxidized natural rubber(ENR-50),ethylene-(vinyl acetate)copolymer(EVA),and an ENR-50/EVAblend[J].J Vinyl Addit Technol,2009,15(1):47-53.
[16]BASFAR A A.Flammability of radiation cross-linked low density polyethylene as an insulating material for wire and cable[J].Radiat Phys Chem,2002,63(3-6):505-508.
[17]祁源,王印典,赵长稳,等.含氟聚合物表面光接枝改性及其与EVA热熔胶粘接性能[J].科学通报,2018(34):3623-3630.
[18]KIM B K,KIM K J.Cross-linking of polypropylene by peroxide and multifunctional monomer during reactive extrusion[J].Adv Polym Technol:J Polym Process Inst,1993,12(3):263-269.
[19]BASFAR A A.Effect of various combinations of flame-retardant fillers on flammability of radiation cross-linked poly(vinyl chloride)(PVC)[J].Polym Degrad Stab,2003,82(2):333-340.
[20]龚皓,朱晓岗.测试方法对光伏用EVA胶膜交联度的影响[J].太阳能,2012(23):24-25.
[2]洪利杰,程斌君,张祥洲,等.太阳能电池组件用POE封装胶膜的研制[J].中国胶粘剂,2017(5):30-33.
[3]de OLIVEIRA M C C,CARDOSO A S A D,VIANA M M,et al.The causes and effects of degradation of encapsulant ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer(EVA)in crystalline silicon photovoltaic modules:A review[J].Renew Sustain Energy Rev,2018,81:2299-2317.
[4]CHEACHAROEN R,BOYD C C,BURKHARD G F,et al.Encapsulating perovskite solar cells to withstand damp heat and thermal cycling[J].Sustain Energy Fuels,2018,2:2398-2406.
[5]HOLMAN Z,FISHER K,MENG X.Wavelength-selective specularly reflecting photovoltaic module and manufacture thereof:US20180053862A1[P].2018-02-22.
[6]朱威武.功能复合EVA封装胶膜的制备及耐老化性能研究[D].上海:华东理工大学,2017.
[7]陈磊,刘晶如,俞强.双固化交联体系对聚烯烃弹性体封装胶膜交联行为及性能的影响[J].高分子材料科学与工程,2017,33(3):89-94.
[8]LIU Y,KONARSKI M,PAUL C W,et al.Curable encapsulants and use thereof:US10141532B2[P].2018-11-27.
[9]STARK W,JAUNICH M.Investigation of ethylene/vinyl acetate copolymer(EVA)by thermal analysis DSC and DMA[J].Polym Test,2011,30(2):236-242.
[10]BIANCHI O,FIORIO R,MARTINS J N,et al.Crosslinking kinetics of blends of ethylene vinyl acetate and ground tire rubber[J].J Elastom Plast,2009,41(2):175-189.
[11]王莉,郑凯.光伏EVA封装胶膜交联体系的研究[J].信息记录材料,2015,16(2):20-25.
[12]何征,张尊昌,左毅,等.太阳能电池封装用EVA胶膜性能的研究[J].塑料科技,2012(9):55-59.
[13]周玉波,张俊林,张发饶.超快固化高性能太阳能电池用EVA封装膜的研制[J].中国胶粘剂,2012,21(2):35-38.
[14]DAS N C,CHAKI T K,KHASTGIR D,et al.Electromagnetic interference shielding effectiveness of ethylene vinyl acetate based conductive composites containing carbon fillers[J].J Appl Polym Sci,2001,80(10):1601-1608.
[15]ZURINA M,ISMAIL H,RATNAM C T.Effect of trimethylolpropane triacrylate(TMPTA)on the properties of irradiated epoxidized natural rubber(ENR-50),ethylene-(vinyl acetate)copolymer(EVA),and an ENR-50/EVAblend[J].J Vinyl Addit Technol,2009,15(1):47-53.
[16]BASFAR A A.Flammability of radiation cross-linked low density polyethylene as an insulating material for wire and cable[J].Radiat Phys Chem,2002,63(3-6):505-508.
[17]祁源,王印典,赵长稳,等.含氟聚合物表面光接枝改性及其与EVA热熔胶粘接性能[J].科学通报,2018(34):3623-3630.
[18]KIM B K,KIM K J.Cross-linking of polypropylene by peroxide and multifunctional monomer during reactive extrusion[J].Adv Polym Technol:J Polym Process Inst,1993,12(3):263-269.
[19]BASFAR A A.Effect of various combinations of flame-retardant fillers on flammability of radiation cross-linked poly(vinyl chloride)(PVC)[J].Polym Degrad Stab,2003,82(2):333-340.
[20]龚皓,朱晓岗.测试方法对光伏用EVA胶膜交联度的影响[J].太阳能,2012(23):24-25.