黄河三角洲3种生境下的芦苇形态差异及生理生态特征研究
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摘要
为阐明3种自然生境下的芦苇适应环境策略,通过设置样地,研究水生、湿生、旱生生境下芦苇的形态性状及生理生态特征,结果表明:(1)芦苇的最高高度、平均高度、最高冠幅、平均冠幅和盖度以水生生境最大,湿生生境次之,旱生生境最小;多度值以旱生和水生生境条件下较大;在水生条件下,芦苇往往形成单优势种群。(2) 3种生境中的芦苇横走茎主茎长度不同,随地下水位下降,各分支无性系分株数量、分株高度和叶片数增多,分株距离、分株直径和叶面积减小;随着水分限制的加强,芦苇的节数和根数量增多,节长和根长变短。(3)在旱生生境下,根部和叶部SOD、POD活性和根部CAT活性显著高于水生和湿生,叶部CAT活性旱生显著低于水生。3种生境叶部MDA含量表现为旱生>湿生>水生,湿生和旱生生境下,根部MDA含量明显高于水生。这些形态性状的差异及生理生态特征可以看作芦苇对3种生境的适应性表现。
An experiment was conducted to study the adaptive strategies of Phragmites australis by designing the differentexperiment habitats. The results showed that: (1) For the maximum height and the average height,the highest crown and the average crown,and the coverage of P. australis,aquatic was the biggest,next was hygrophilous,the xeromorph was smallest,and the abundance in the xeromorph environment was similar to the aquatic condition. (2) Different caulis length appeared in different habitats,and with water content descending,the number of sucher increased,the height of sucher reduced. There was a gradual reduction in leaf area and diameter of sucher,with water stress increasing,the node number reduced,the length of node became shorter,the root lengh reduced,and thetotal of roots increased. (3) In the xeromorphic condition,the activities of SOD,POD of enzymes of roots and leaves and the activities of CAT were significantly higher than those of the aquaticand hygrophiloushabitats. In three different habitats,the MDA content of the xeromorph and hygrophilous habitats were significantly higher than those of the aquatichabitats. The morphological variations and physiological characteristics of these traits might have resulted from adaptability of P. australis in three habitats.
An experiment was conducted to study the adaptive strategies of Phragmites australis by designing the differentexperiment habitats. The results showed that: (1) For the maximum height and the average height,the highest crown and the average crown,and the coverage of P. australis,aquatic was the biggest,next was hygrophilous,the xeromorph was smallest,and the abundance in the xeromorph environment was similar to the aquatic condition. (2) Different caulis length appeared in different habitats,and with water content descending,the number of sucher increased,the height of sucher reduced. There was a gradual reduction in leaf area and diameter of sucher,with water stress increasing,the node number reduced,the length of node became shorter,the root lengh reduced,and thetotal of roots increased. (3) In the xeromorphic condition,the activities of SOD,POD of enzymes of roots and leaves and the activities of CAT were significantly higher than those of the aquaticand hygrophiloushabitats. In three different habitats,the MDA content of the xeromorph and hygrophilous habitats were significantly higher than those of the aquatichabitats. The morphological variations and physiological characteristics of these traits might have resulted from adaptability of P. australis in three habitats.
引文
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21.胡景江,顾振瑜,文建雷,等.水分胁迫对元宝枫膜脂过氧化作用的影响[J].西北林学院学报,1999,14(2):7-11.Hu J J,Gu Z Y,Wen J L,et al.Effect of water stress on menbrane lipid peroxidation inmaple[J].Journal of Northwest Forestry University,1999,14(2):7-11.
22.宰学明,吴国荣,龚祝南,等.旱生和湿生生境对蒲公英体内抗氧化物质的影响[J].植物研究,2002,22(2):196-200.Zai X M,Wu G R,Gong Z N,et al.Effects on anti-oxidant ingredients of Taraxacum mongolicum Hard.-Mazz in drought and wet environments[J].Bulletin of Botanical Research,2002,22(2):196-200.
23.马菡泽,汪成忠,李鼎,等.生长环境与株龄对凤丹当年生果枝的生物量分配的影响[J].植物研究,2018,38(2):201-211.Ma H Z,Wang C Z,Li D,et al.Effects of growth environment and tree age on biomass allocation within fruit twigs of fengdan(Paeoniaostii)[J].Bulletin of Botanical Research,2018,38(2):201-211.
2.李瑞光,刘邻渭,郑海燕,等.芦苇黄酮提取液体外抗氧化特性研究[J].西北农业学报,2009,18(4):310-314.Li R G,Liu L W,Zheng H Y,et al.Antioxidant properties of Phragmites communistrin flavonoids extracts[J].Acta Agriculturae Boreali-occidentalis Sinica,2009,18(4):310-314.
3.田家怡,潘怀剑.黄河三角洲开发研究回顾与展望[J].滨州教育学院学报,2000,6(2):30-35.Tian J Y,Pan H J.Review and prospects of Yellow River delta development in China[J].Journal of Bin Zhou Education Institute,2000,6(2):30-35.
4.王有邦.黄河三角洲可持续发展问题探讨[J].山东师大学报:自然科学版,2000,15(1):65-68.Wang Y B.Study on sustainable development in Yellow River Delta[J].Journal of Shandong Normal University:Natural Science,2000,15(1):65-68.
5.贾文泽,田家怡,潘怀剑.黄河三角洲生物多样性保护与可持续利用的研究[J].环境科学研究,2002,12(4):35-39,53.Jia W Z,Tian J Y,Pan H J.Study on the biodiversity protection and its sustainable use in the Yellow River Delta[J].Research of Environmental Sciences,2002,12(4):35-39,53.
6.黄辉,童雷,苗苋,等.铬污染地区芦苇(Phragmites australis L.)生理特征分析[J].农业环境科学学报,2007,26(4):1273-1276.Huang H,Tong L,Miao P.Physiological characteristics of Phragmites australis L.growing in chromium polluted Area[J].Journal of Agro-Environment Science,2007,26(4):1273-1276.
7.滑丽萍,华珞,王学东,等.芦苇对白洋淀底泥重金属污染程度的影响效应研究[J].水土保持学报,2006,20(2):102-105.Hua L P,Hua L,Wang X D,et al.Study on effect of reed on heavy metal pollution in sediments of Baiyangdian[J].Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,2006,20(2):102-105.
8.陈阳,王贺,郝金标,等.盐渍生境下两种生态型芦苇的形态结构及矿质元素分布[J].土壤学报,2010,47(2):334-340.Chen Y,Wang H,Hao J B,et al.Morphological structures of two ecotypes of reeds and distribution of mineral elements therein in salt-affected habitat[J].Acta Pedologica Sinica,2010,47(2):334-340.
9.谭大海,沙伟,张莹莹.芦苇盐胁迫下渗透调节物质含量变化研究[J].齐齐哈尔大学学报,2006,22(2):84-86.Tan D H,Sha W,Zhang Y Y.Study on osmotic adjustment substances in Phragmites australis under salt stress[J].Journal of Qiqihar University,2006,22(2):84-86.
10.张志良,瞿伟菁,李小芳,等.植物生理学实验指导[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2003:123-124,39-41.Zhang Z L,Qu W J,Li X F,et al.The Experimental Guide for Plant Physiology[M].Beijing:Higher Education Press,2003:123-124,39-41.
11.李合生.植物生理生化实验原理和技术[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2000:167-169,184-185.Li H S.Principles and techniques of plant physiological biochemical experiment[M].Beijing:Higher Education Press,2000:167-169,184-185.
12.Kraus T E,Fletcher R A.Paclobutrazol protects wheat seedlings from heat and paraquat injury.Is detoxification of active oxygen involved?[J].Plant and Cell Physiology,1994,35(1):45-52.
13.王晶英,敖红,张杰.植物生理生化实验技术与原理[M].哈尔滨:东北林业大学出版社,2003:135-136.Wang J Y,Ao H,Zhang J.Principles and Techniques of Plant Physiological Biochemical Experiment[M].Harbin:Northeast Forestry University Press,2003:135-136.
14.Alscher R G,Donahue J L,Cramer C L.Reactive oxygen species and antioxidant:relationships in green cells[J].Physiologia Plantarum,1997,100(2):224-233.
15.Foyer C H,Lopez-Delgado H,DAT J F,et al.Hydrogen peroxide-and glutathione-associated mechanisms of acclimatory stress tolerance and signalling[J].Physiologia Plantarum,1997,100(2):241-254.
16.Pauls K P,Thompson J E.Evidence for the accumulation of peroxidized lipids in membranes of senescing cotyledons[J].Plant Physiology,1984,75(4):1152-1157.
17.Piqueras A,Olmos E,Martínez-Solano J R,et al.Cd-induced oxidative burst in tobacco BY2 cells:time course,subcellular location and antioxidant response[J].Free Radical Research,1999,31Suppl:S33-S38.
18.樊秀彩,关军锋,周厚成,等.外源乙烯对桃果实微粒体膜Ca2+-ATPase活性和膜脂过氧化水平的影响[J].西北植物学报,2005,25(5):944-947.Fan X C,Guan J F,Zhou H C,et al.Effects of exogenous ethylene on Ca2+-ATPase activity and membrane lipid peroxidation in postharvest peach fruits[J].Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica,2005,25(5):944-947.
19.韦小丽.不同光环境下香樟、猴樟苗木的生态适应[J].山地农业生物学报,2003,2(3):208-213.Wei X L.Ecological adaption of Cinnamomum camphora and Cinnamomum bodinieri seedlings in different light environment[J].Journal of Mountain Agriculture and Biology,2003,2(3):208-213.
20.杨允菲,李建东.松嫩平原不同生境芦苇种群分株的生物量分配与生长分析[J].应用生态学报,2003,14(1):30-34.Yang Y F,LI J D.Biomass allocation and growth analysis on the ramets of Phragmites communis populations in different habitats in the Songnen Plains of China[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2003,14(1):30-34.
21.胡景江,顾振瑜,文建雷,等.水分胁迫对元宝枫膜脂过氧化作用的影响[J].西北林学院学报,1999,14(2):7-11.Hu J J,Gu Z Y,Wen J L,et al.Effect of water stress on menbrane lipid peroxidation inmaple[J].Journal of Northwest Forestry University,1999,14(2):7-11.
22.宰学明,吴国荣,龚祝南,等.旱生和湿生生境对蒲公英体内抗氧化物质的影响[J].植物研究,2002,22(2):196-200.Zai X M,Wu G R,Gong Z N,et al.Effects on anti-oxidant ingredients of Taraxacum mongolicum Hard.-Mazz in drought and wet environments[J].Bulletin of Botanical Research,2002,22(2):196-200.
23.马菡泽,汪成忠,李鼎,等.生长环境与株龄对凤丹当年生果枝的生物量分配的影响[J].植物研究,2018,38(2):201-211.Ma H Z,Wang C Z,Li D,et al.Effects of growth environment and tree age on biomass allocation within fruit twigs of fengdan(Paeoniaostii)[J].Bulletin of Botanical Research,2018,38(2):201-211.