新疆荒漠绿洲稻区稻水象甲危害损失及防治阈值研究
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摘要
【目的】稻水象甲是水稻的一种毁灭性害虫,也是我国重要的对外检疫性对象之一。该虫自2010年传入新疆后,其发生面积和危害呈不断加重趋势,已对新疆水稻尤其是绿色有机水稻的生产构成了严重威胁。稻水象甲危害造成的产量损失及防治阈值的确定对其准确预测预报及化学防治都具有重要的指导意义。然而,目前尚未见新疆荒漠绿洲稻区的相关报道。【方法】通过田间罩笼试验比较研究了不同虫口密度下的水稻有效穗数、单穗粒数、结实粒及产量等指标,计算得出稻水象甲在新疆的产量允许损失率及防治阈值。【结果】田间稻水象甲成虫数量与水稻有效穗、单穗粒数、结实率存在显著负相关性,但与千粒重关系不显著;逐步线性回归模型分析表明,水稻产量与虫口密度、每公顷穗数、单穗粒数和结实率相关性显著,它们是影响水稻产量的主要因子。此外,新疆荒漠绿洲稻区稻水象甲的产量允许损失率为1.1756%,其防治阈值为5.82头·m~(-2)。【结论】新疆荒漠绿洲稻区允许的稻水象甲越冬代虫口密度最大临界值为5.82头·m~(-2),高于此值应及时进行防治。
【Aim】Lissorhoptrus oryzophilus Kuschel is a quarantine pest of rice in China that invaded Xinjiang in 2010. Its continued spread especially threatens organic rice production. Establishing the extent of damage and economic threshold densities,which are currently lacking,is important to develop rational plant protection practices in Xinjiang oases. 【Method】The relationship between different densities of L. oryzophilus and spike number per hm~2,no. of grains per spike,1000-grain mass,rate of filled grain,and yield loss was studied in field tests,using caged plants. 【Result】There was a significant negative correlation between adult density and effective spike per hm~2,grains per spike,rate of filled grains,but there was no significant relationship between adult density and 1000-grain mass. Stepwise linear regression analysis showed that rice yield had significant negative correlation with adult density,spike per hm~2,grains per spike and rate of filled grain. In addition,the damage limit and economic threshold of L. oryzophilus in Xinjiang was calculated as 1.1756% and 5.82 heads·m~(-2) respectively. 【Conclusion】The maximum critical value of overwintering population density of L. oryzophilus in Xinjiang was 5.82 head·m~(-2),above this value,interventions are necessary to prevent economic damage.
【Aim】Lissorhoptrus oryzophilus Kuschel is a quarantine pest of rice in China that invaded Xinjiang in 2010. Its continued spread especially threatens organic rice production. Establishing the extent of damage and economic threshold densities,which are currently lacking,is important to develop rational plant protection practices in Xinjiang oases. 【Method】The relationship between different densities of L. oryzophilus and spike number per hm~2,no. of grains per spike,1000-grain mass,rate of filled grain,and yield loss was studied in field tests,using caged plants. 【Result】There was a significant negative correlation between adult density and effective spike per hm~2,grains per spike,rate of filled grains,but there was no significant relationship between adult density and 1000-grain mass. Stepwise linear regression analysis showed that rice yield had significant negative correlation with adult density,spike per hm~2,grains per spike and rate of filled grain. In addition,the damage limit and economic threshold of L. oryzophilus in Xinjiang was calculated as 1.1756% and 5.82 heads·m~(-2) respectively. 【Conclusion】The maximum critical value of overwintering population density of L. oryzophilus in Xinjiang was 5.82 head·m~(-2),above this value,interventions are necessary to prevent economic damage.
引文
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崔成国,郑付国,金莲花,刘丽丽,2013.稻水象甲防治技术.吉林农业(17):87.
邓根生,张先平,孙敏,王晓娥,2005.国内外稻水象甲研究现状.陕西农业科学(2):55-56.
狄雪塬,杨茂发,徐进,严斌,韩畅,吉永权,黎行,2015.贵州稻水象甲危害损失和防治指标研究.应用昆虫学报,52(6):1474-1481.
付海滨,2004.不同水稻品种对稻水象甲羧酸酶活性的影响.中国农学通报,20(4):258-259.
付文君,关志坚,2013.伊犁河谷地区稻水象甲的发生特点及综合防控措施.新疆农业科技(16):120-121.
勾建军,郭云书,汪志和,1998.稻水象甲发生程度分级标准的研究.植物保护,24(6):27-28.
顾云琴,林云彪,余继华,2002.稻水象甲防治扑灭技术的应用与防治效果.植物保护,28(5):57-58.
关志坚,丁新华,付文君,吐尔逊,郭文超,魏振兴,2014a.伊犁河谷地区稻水象甲生物学特性及其种群田间迁移规律的研究.新疆农业科学,51(7):1312-1318.
关志坚,付文君,吐尔逊·阿合买提,王银方,夏振汉,班小莉,2014b.白僵菌对稻水象甲防治效果.农村科技(12):38-39.
郭文超,李晶,魏振兴,吐尔逊,吴静,阿利亚,王俊,2011.新疆首次发现水稻重大外来有害生物稻水象甲.新疆农业科学,48(1):70-74.
何江,王刚,吐尔逊,丁新华,郭文超,2014.光照强度对稻水象甲飞行能力的影响.新疆农业科学,51(11):2014-2019.
何永福,廖国会,金剑雪,程英,张忠民,袁洁,陈小均,江兆春,胡吉锋,2013.稻水象甲幼虫在水稻根部的空间分布型研究.西南农业学报,26(3):1006-1008.
刘雅坤,康尔艳,赵晓龙,1998.稻水象甲的为害习性及对产量的影响.植保技术与推广,18(5):36-37.
商晗武,程家安,蒋明星,张志涛,2003.起始供食时间对稻水象甲冬后成虫繁殖、取食和存活的影响.中国水稻科学,17(1):77-81.
沈歌华,2002.黑光灯诱捕防治稻水象甲.新农业(10):31.
汤德祥,徐卫忠,朱红军,2005.稻水象甲防治指标试验.植物检疫,19(6):343-345.
田春晖,于凤泉,刘培斌,李志强,孙富余,2003.T03对稻水象甲的抗性测定.辽宁农业科学(5):5-7.
王刚,2014.新疆伊犁河谷稻水象甲种群扩张及迁飞影响因子研究.硕士学位论文.石河子:石河子大学.
王刚,吐尔逊,何江,郭文超,2014.温度对稻水象甲飞行能力的影响.新疆农业科学,51(3):464-470.
王佳武,赵伊英,2015.稻水象甲防治的研究进展.黑龙江农业科学(7):150-152.
汪志和,杨占起,陈国民,祁景乔,刘振杰,曹崇炬,刘春茹,1998.稻水象甲对水稻危害损失及防治指标的探讨.河北农业大学学报,21(3):61-64.
于凤泉,蔡忠杰,李骥,马小丽,张慧英,2004.稻水象甲防治技术.辽宁农业科学(1):46-47.
翟保平,程家安,黄恩友,商晗武,郑雪浩,吴建,方勇军,夏万清,吕旭剑,1997.浙江省双季稻区稻水象甲的发生动态.中国农业科学,30(6):23-29.
翟保平,程家安,黄恩友,商晗武,郑雪浩,吴建,吕旭剑,1999.稻水象甲(Lissorhoptrus oryzophilus Kuschel)的卵子发生—飞行共轭.生态学报,19(2):100-107.
张西健,安文军,2004.稻水象甲为害损失及防治指标初步研究.中国植保导刊,24(6):10-11.
赵成德,孙富余,田春晖,赵文生,刘兴远,佟淑杰,孙逢山,1997.稻水象甲的发生规律与防治研究Ⅶ.稻水象甲为害损失估计及防治指标的确定.辽宁农业科学(5):12-16.
赵文生,孙富余,刘兴远,佟淑杰,赵成德,石守荣,1997.稻水象甲的发生规律与防治研究Ⅵ.稻水象甲为害对水稻生育及产量构成因素的影响.辽宁农业科学(4):9-11.
郑雪浩,翟保平,吴建,1997.浙江东南沿海地区稻水象发生规律及防治对策.植物检疫,11(增刊):41-44.
周社文,谭小平,张佳峰,曾燕清,李贵尤,杜永春,2007.稻水象甲幼虫发生程度对水稻生长发育及产量损失的影响.植物检疫,21(6):345-346.
班小莉,吐尔逊,付文君,郭文超,何江,关志坚,丁新华,2014.多种药剂防治稻水象甲田间药效试验.农村科技(10):32-33.
崔成国,郑付国,金莲花,刘丽丽,2013.稻水象甲防治技术.吉林农业(17):87.
邓根生,张先平,孙敏,王晓娥,2005.国内外稻水象甲研究现状.陕西农业科学(2):55-56.
狄雪塬,杨茂发,徐进,严斌,韩畅,吉永权,黎行,2015.贵州稻水象甲危害损失和防治指标研究.应用昆虫学报,52(6):1474-1481.
付海滨,2004.不同水稻品种对稻水象甲羧酸酶活性的影响.中国农学通报,20(4):258-259.
付文君,关志坚,2013.伊犁河谷地区稻水象甲的发生特点及综合防控措施.新疆农业科技(16):120-121.
勾建军,郭云书,汪志和,1998.稻水象甲发生程度分级标准的研究.植物保护,24(6):27-28.
顾云琴,林云彪,余继华,2002.稻水象甲防治扑灭技术的应用与防治效果.植物保护,28(5):57-58.
关志坚,丁新华,付文君,吐尔逊,郭文超,魏振兴,2014a.伊犁河谷地区稻水象甲生物学特性及其种群田间迁移规律的研究.新疆农业科学,51(7):1312-1318.
关志坚,付文君,吐尔逊·阿合买提,王银方,夏振汉,班小莉,2014b.白僵菌对稻水象甲防治效果.农村科技(12):38-39.
郭文超,李晶,魏振兴,吐尔逊,吴静,阿利亚,王俊,2011.新疆首次发现水稻重大外来有害生物稻水象甲.新疆农业科学,48(1):70-74.
何江,王刚,吐尔逊,丁新华,郭文超,2014.光照强度对稻水象甲飞行能力的影响.新疆农业科学,51(11):2014-2019.
何永福,廖国会,金剑雪,程英,张忠民,袁洁,陈小均,江兆春,胡吉锋,2013.稻水象甲幼虫在水稻根部的空间分布型研究.西南农业学报,26(3):1006-1008.
刘雅坤,康尔艳,赵晓龙,1998.稻水象甲的为害习性及对产量的影响.植保技术与推广,18(5):36-37.
商晗武,程家安,蒋明星,张志涛,2003.起始供食时间对稻水象甲冬后成虫繁殖、取食和存活的影响.中国水稻科学,17(1):77-81.
沈歌华,2002.黑光灯诱捕防治稻水象甲.新农业(10):31.
汤德祥,徐卫忠,朱红军,2005.稻水象甲防治指标试验.植物检疫,19(6):343-345.
田春晖,于凤泉,刘培斌,李志强,孙富余,2003.T03对稻水象甲的抗性测定.辽宁农业科学(5):5-7.
王刚,2014.新疆伊犁河谷稻水象甲种群扩张及迁飞影响因子研究.硕士学位论文.石河子:石河子大学.
王刚,吐尔逊,何江,郭文超,2014.温度对稻水象甲飞行能力的影响.新疆农业科学,51(3):464-470.
王佳武,赵伊英,2015.稻水象甲防治的研究进展.黑龙江农业科学(7):150-152.
汪志和,杨占起,陈国民,祁景乔,刘振杰,曹崇炬,刘春茹,1998.稻水象甲对水稻危害损失及防治指标的探讨.河北农业大学学报,21(3):61-64.
于凤泉,蔡忠杰,李骥,马小丽,张慧英,2004.稻水象甲防治技术.辽宁农业科学(1):46-47.
翟保平,程家安,黄恩友,商晗武,郑雪浩,吴建,方勇军,夏万清,吕旭剑,1997.浙江省双季稻区稻水象甲的发生动态.中国农业科学,30(6):23-29.
翟保平,程家安,黄恩友,商晗武,郑雪浩,吴建,吕旭剑,1999.稻水象甲(Lissorhoptrus oryzophilus Kuschel)的卵子发生—飞行共轭.生态学报,19(2):100-107.
张西健,安文军,2004.稻水象甲为害损失及防治指标初步研究.中国植保导刊,24(6):10-11.
赵成德,孙富余,田春晖,赵文生,刘兴远,佟淑杰,孙逢山,1997.稻水象甲的发生规律与防治研究Ⅶ.稻水象甲为害损失估计及防治指标的确定.辽宁农业科学(5):12-16.
赵文生,孙富余,刘兴远,佟淑杰,赵成德,石守荣,1997.稻水象甲的发生规律与防治研究Ⅵ.稻水象甲为害对水稻生育及产量构成因素的影响.辽宁农业科学(4):9-11.
郑雪浩,翟保平,吴建,1997.浙江东南沿海地区稻水象发生规律及防治对策.植物检疫,11(增刊):41-44.
周社文,谭小平,张佳峰,曾燕清,李贵尤,杜永春,2007.稻水象甲幼虫发生程度对水稻生长发育及产量损失的影响.植物检疫,21(6):345-346.