黑龙江地区农田害鼠发生特点及DNA条形码鉴定技术的应用
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摘要
黑龙江地区为我国最大的商品粮生产基地之一,鼠害是影响该地区粮食生产的重要因素之一。为了解当地农田害鼠种类、密度及分布特征,本研究于2010-2011年对该省主要作物田的啮齿类动物开展调查,并利用细胞色素C氧化酶Ⅰ亚基(cytochrome C oxidase subunitⅠ,COⅠ)对害鼠种类进行鉴定,分析该地区农田害鼠种类分布和发生特点,为其防治提供基础数据和方法依据。结果表明,所捕获的害鼠经形态鉴定可分为2科7属7种,分别为鼠科的黑线姬鼠、巢鼠、褐家鼠和小家鼠,以及仓鼠科的大仓鼠、黑线仓鼠和东方田鼠。DNA条形码分类结果与形态分类结果一致,但是在近缘种间的区分上还需要与形态数据相结合。黑龙江地区农田害鼠密度呈现出"春低秋高"的时间特征,并且在玉米田中最高;在鼠种特征上,黑线姬鼠为广布种和优势种,其他鼠种则在局部地区密度较高。根据上述结果,应将春季作为黑龙江地区农田害鼠的重点防治时期,重点作物为玉米,同时应重点关注大中型鼠的数量变动情况。
Heilongjiang Province is the largest commodity grain base of China, and huge damage caused by pest rodents is a key factor affecting local crop production. However, few studies were conducted to investigate the basic characteristics of local pest rodents including taxonomy, distribution and population density in the agricultural areas in Heilongjiang Province. In this study, we surveyed pest rodents from six sites covering three kinds of typical crop farming regions in Heilongjiang Province, and identified the species using DNA barcoding(cytochrome COⅠ gene). Seven species were identified belonging to seven genera of 2 families by both DNA barcoding and morphological characterization, including Apodemus agrarius,Microtus fortis, Mus musculus, Tscherskia triton, Cricetulus barabensis, Micromys minutus, and Rattus norvegicus. Among them, A. agrarius is the dominant species and widely distributes in whole province. Compared with the population density in spring, it was significant higher in autumn, indicating the overt seasonal breeding of local rodents. Moreover, the population density in maize farmland was higher than that in rice and soybean ones. Therefore, rodent management in Heilongjiang Province should be focused on spring season, maize farmlands, and the rodent species with middle or large body size, such as hamsters and Norway rat.
Heilongjiang Province is the largest commodity grain base of China, and huge damage caused by pest rodents is a key factor affecting local crop production. However, few studies were conducted to investigate the basic characteristics of local pest rodents including taxonomy, distribution and population density in the agricultural areas in Heilongjiang Province. In this study, we surveyed pest rodents from six sites covering three kinds of typical crop farming regions in Heilongjiang Province, and identified the species using DNA barcoding(cytochrome COⅠ gene). Seven species were identified belonging to seven genera of 2 families by both DNA barcoding and morphological characterization, including Apodemus agrarius,Microtus fortis, Mus musculus, Tscherskia triton, Cricetulus barabensis, Micromys minutus, and Rattus norvegicus. Among them, A. agrarius is the dominant species and widely distributes in whole province. Compared with the population density in spring, it was significant higher in autumn, indicating the overt seasonal breeding of local rodents. Moreover, the population density in maize farmland was higher than that in rice and soybean ones. Therefore, rodent management in Heilongjiang Province should be focused on spring season, maize farmlands, and the rodent species with middle or large body size, such as hamsters and Norway rat.
引文
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[26] 马英,李海龙,鲁亮,等.DNA条形码技术在青海海东地区小型兽类鉴定中的应用[J].生物多样性,2012,20(2):193-198.
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[33] KIMURA M. A simple method for estimating evolutionary rates of base substitutions through comparative studies of nucleotide sequences [J]. Journal of Molecular Evolution, 1980, 16(2):111-120.
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[36] 张铁强,王翊,王任杰,等.黑龙江垦区玉米种植概况[J].吉林农业,2014(3):30.
[37] 刘志龙,孙儒泳.布氏田鼠种群繁殖特征研究[J].兽类学报,1993,13(2):114-122.
[38] 刘运喜,吴钦永,杨占清,等.鲁中南丘陵地区农田鼠类种群密度消长规律及繁殖特征研究[J].医学动物防制,1998(6):12-16.
[39] 刘东华,张作民,曹官时,等.黄河口湿地鼠类群落结构及种群分布研究[J].现代预防医学,2015,42(21):3992-3994.
[40] 曹建军,周俊义,马永亮.东方田鼠的生活习性观察和药剂防治初步试验[J].宁夏农林科技,1985(6):28-30.
[41] 沈建忠,吴光华.鼠的防治(三)——常见鼠种的形态与习性[J].中华卫生杀虫药械,2005,11(4):271-275.
[42] 刘堂仁,陆洪清,郭学俭.江西省鄱阳湖地区黑线姬鼠的生物学研究[J].生物灾害科学,1983(1):38-40.
[43] 谭向红,蒋光藻.黑线姬鼠种群特征及数量变动规律研究[J].西南农业学报,1991(4):80-83.
[44] 雍仲禹,张美文,郭聪,等.洞庭湖区黑线姬鼠食性调查[J].动物学杂志,2012,47(3):115-121.
[45] 张春,马建新.近年来我国流行性出血热流行病学研究现状[J].中国地方病防治杂志,2007,22(1):38-40.
[46] 刘家栋, 翟兴礼, 徐心诚. 大仓鼠(Cricetulus triton)生态、危害及防治研究[J]. 河南教育学院学报(自然科学版), 2001, 10(1): 55-57.
[47] 邢林,卢浩泉.黑线仓鼠的食性及防治阈值的探讨[J].动物学杂志,1990(4):29-33.
[2] 郭永旺.2011年全国农区鼠害发生趋势分析[J].中国植保导刊,2011,31(3):32-33.
[3] 郭永旺.2012年全国农区鼠害发生趋势[J].中国植保导刊,2012,32(2):46-48.
[4] 郭永旺.2013年全国农区鼠害发生趋势预报[J].中国植保导刊,2013,33(2):40-41.
[5] 郭永旺.2014年全国农区鼠害发生趋势预报[J].中国植保导刊,2014,34(2):53-55.
[6] 郭永旺.2015年全国农区鼠害发生趋势预报[J].中国植保导刊,2015,35(2):49-51.
[7] 郭永旺.2016年全国农区鼠害发生趋势预报[J].中国植保导刊,2016,36(2):49-51.
[8] 王晓凌.中国东北粳稻供需及产业经营状况研究[D].北京:中国农业科学院,2012.
[9] 寿振黄,罗泽珣.黑龙江呼玛县麝鼠分布的现况[J].动物学杂志,1957(2):52-53.
[10] 罗泽珣.大兴安岭及三江平原黑线姬鼠的种群年龄组成[J].动物学报,1963(3):43-57.
[11] 夏重志,宋广玉.哈尔滨地区啮齿动物初步调查[J].哈尔滨师范大学自然科学学报,1964(1):227-236.
[12] 胡祥发,丛林,郭永旺,等.东北地区水稻初冬晾晒期鼠害调查与为害分析[J].植物保护,2014,40(6):131-134.
[13] 王峰,刘国平,邵锴,等.东北地区啮齿动物种类和区系分布研究[J].中华卫生杀虫药械,2015(3):301-305.
[14] 彭大志,王铁成,张艳,等.杜尔伯特蒙古族自治县农田鼠害及其防治[J].黑龙江八一农垦大学学报,2004,16(3):35-37.
[15] 黄文几,陈延熹,温业新.中国啮齿类[M].上海:复旦大学出版社,1995.
[16] 中国科学院.东北兽类调查报告[M].北京:科学出版社,1958.
[17] 张赫武,安文举.东北啮齿动物的地理区划[J].动物学杂志,1986(3):22-26.
[18] 邢安辉,刘国平,任清明,等.东北地区9市县鼠的种群组成研究[J].中华卫生杀虫药械,2012,18(1):41-43.
[19] HEBERT P D N, CYWINSKA A, BALL S L, et al. Biological identifications through DNA barcodes [J]. Proceedings Biological Sciences,2003,270(1512):313.
[20] 刘润吉,张荣波,郭天宇,等.DNA条形码技术在贵州茂兰鼠类鉴定中的应用[J].中华卫生杀虫药械,2014(1):59-62.
[21] 刘润吉,张荣波,李明,等.DNA条形码技术在黑瞎子岛鼠类鉴定中的应用[J].寄生虫与医学昆虫学报,2014(1):48-53.
[22] 张勤,王晓梦,岳巧云,等.河南口岸截获鼠类DNA条形码鉴定[J].中国媒介生物学及控制杂志,2016,27(3):280-282.
[23] 闫东,鲁亮,金圣浩,等.DNA条形码技术在河北省鼠疫疫源地鼠种鉴定中的应用[J].中国媒介生物学及控制杂志,2014,25(1):21-23.
[24] 普丽娅,王董,赵欣,等.一例口岸截获陈旧鼠的鉴定[J].中国国境卫生检疫杂志,2017(2):110-112.
[25] 傅美兰,彭建军,王莹,等.DNA条形码技术的应用与分析[J].河南师范大学学报(自然科学版),2010,38(4):118-122.
[26] 马英,李海龙,鲁亮,等.DNA条形码技术在青海海东地区小型兽类鉴定中的应用[J].生物多样性,2012,20(2):193-198.
[27] IVANOVA N V, CLARE E L, BORISENKO A V. DNA Barcoding in mammals[M]// IVANOVA N V, CLARE E L, BORISENKO A V.DNA Barcodes.Humana Press,2012:153-182.
[28] BURLAND T G. DNASTAR’s Lasergene sequence analysis software [J]. Methods in Molecular Biology, 2000, 132:71.
[29] LIBRADO P, ROZAS J. DnaSP v5: a software for comprehensive analysis of DNA polymorphism data [J]. Bioinformatics, 2009, 25(11):1451-1452.
[30] KUMAR S, STECHER G, TAMURA K. MEGA7: Molecular evolutionary genetics analysis version 7.0 for bigger datasets [J].Molecular Biology & Evolution,2016,33(7):1870.
[31] SAITOU N, NEI M. The neighbor-joining method: a new method for reconstructing phylogenetic trees [J]. Molecular Biology & Evolution, 1987, 4(4):406.
[32] FELSENSTEIN J. Confidence limits on phylogenies: an approach using the bootstrap [J]. Evolution, 1985, 39(4):783.
[33] KIMURA M. A simple method for estimating evolutionary rates of base substitutions through comparative studies of nucleotide sequences [J]. Journal of Molecular Evolution, 1980, 16(2):111-120.
[34] 罗泽珣.莫氏田鼠(Microtus maximowiczii Schrenck,1858)生态的初步观察[J].动物学杂志,1959(3):35-38.
[35] 胡忠军,王勇,郭聪,等.中国东方田鼠生物生态学研究进展[J].中国农学通报,2006,22(12):307-312.
[36] 张铁强,王翊,王任杰,等.黑龙江垦区玉米种植概况[J].吉林农业,2014(3):30.
[37] 刘志龙,孙儒泳.布氏田鼠种群繁殖特征研究[J].兽类学报,1993,13(2):114-122.
[38] 刘运喜,吴钦永,杨占清,等.鲁中南丘陵地区农田鼠类种群密度消长规律及繁殖特征研究[J].医学动物防制,1998(6):12-16.
[39] 刘东华,张作民,曹官时,等.黄河口湿地鼠类群落结构及种群分布研究[J].现代预防医学,2015,42(21):3992-3994.
[40] 曹建军,周俊义,马永亮.东方田鼠的生活习性观察和药剂防治初步试验[J].宁夏农林科技,1985(6):28-30.
[41] 沈建忠,吴光华.鼠的防治(三)——常见鼠种的形态与习性[J].中华卫生杀虫药械,2005,11(4):271-275.
[42] 刘堂仁,陆洪清,郭学俭.江西省鄱阳湖地区黑线姬鼠的生物学研究[J].生物灾害科学,1983(1):38-40.
[43] 谭向红,蒋光藻.黑线姬鼠种群特征及数量变动规律研究[J].西南农业学报,1991(4):80-83.
[44] 雍仲禹,张美文,郭聪,等.洞庭湖区黑线姬鼠食性调查[J].动物学杂志,2012,47(3):115-121.
[45] 张春,马建新.近年来我国流行性出血热流行病学研究现状[J].中国地方病防治杂志,2007,22(1):38-40.
[46] 刘家栋, 翟兴礼, 徐心诚. 大仓鼠(Cricetulus triton)生态、危害及防治研究[J]. 河南教育学院学报(自然科学版), 2001, 10(1): 55-57.
[47] 邢林,卢浩泉.黑线仓鼠的食性及防治阈值的探讨[J].动物学杂志,1990(4):29-33.