XLPE直流电缆典型缺陷局部放电特性研究
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摘要
局部放电是表征电力设备绝缘状态的最有效的手段之一,然而关于直流电压下XLPE电缆典型绝缘缺陷局部放电特征的研究较少。文中首先深入分析了直流下复合绝缘材料局部放电机理,总结了XLPE电缆常见缺陷类型及其原因。使用单芯XLPE电缆及其预制式接头制作了金属毛刺电晕缺陷、应力锥处半导电层沿面放电缺陷以及绝缘交界面气隙放电缺陷,在直流电压下进行阶梯式加压试验。基于高频电流法采集局部放电数据,获得了各缺陷不同放电严重阶段的多种典型特征,包括放电量-时间间隔-放电重复率三维图谱,前序放电量、前序放电时间间隔与当前放电量相关性散点图。提取了典型统计图谱的28个指纹特征,并使用RBF神经网络进行模式识别获得了较好识别正确率,从而验证了特征有效性。
Partial discharge(PD)is one of the most effective means to characterize the insulation states of powerequipment. However,there are few studies on partial discharge characteristics of typical insulation defects in XLPEcables under DC voltage. Firstly,the mechanism of partial discharge of composite insulation under DC voltage isdeeply studied in this paper. And common types of defects and their causes in the XLPE cable are summarized.Three kinds of defect models are designed using XLPE cable and its prefabricated joints,including corona dis-charge,surface discharge at the stress cone,and air gap discharge at the insulation interface. The experiment is test-ed under step-wise DC voltage. Several typical features of different severity stages of the discharges are obtainedbased on the PD data measured by High frequency current method(HFCT),including the three-dimensional map ofdischarge magnitude-time interval-discharge repetition rate,the scatter plots of previous discharge magnitude or pre-vious time interval with the current discharge magnitude. 28 fingerprint characteristics are obtained and a good recog-nition accuracy can be obtained based on the RBF neural network.
Partial discharge(PD)is one of the most effective means to characterize the insulation states of powerequipment. However,there are few studies on partial discharge characteristics of typical insulation defects in XLPEcables under DC voltage. Firstly,the mechanism of partial discharge of composite insulation under DC voltage isdeeply studied in this paper. And common types of defects and their causes in the XLPE cable are summarized.Three kinds of defect models are designed using XLPE cable and its prefabricated joints,including corona dis-charge,surface discharge at the stress cone,and air gap discharge at the insulation interface. The experiment is test-ed under step-wise DC voltage. Several typical features of different severity stages of the discharges are obtainedbased on the PD data measured by High frequency current method(HFCT),including the three-dimensional map ofdischarge magnitude-time interval-discharge repetition rate,the scatter plots of previous discharge magnitude or pre-vious time interval with the current discharge magnitude. 28 fingerprint characteristics are obtained and a good recog-nition accuracy can be obtained based on the RBF neural network.
引文
[1]谢书鸿,傅明利,尹毅,等.中国交联聚乙烯绝缘高压直流电缆发展的三级跳:从160 kV到200 kV再到320 kV[J].南方电网技术,2015,9(10):5-12.XIE Shuhong,FU Mingli,YIN Yi,et al. Triple jumps of XLPE insulated HVDC cable development in China:From160 kV to 200 kV and then to 320 kV[J]. Southern Power System Technology,2015,9(10):5-12.
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[3]李军浩,韩旭涛,刘泽辉,等.电气设备局部放电检测技术述评[J].高电压技术,2015,41(8):2583-2601.LI Junhao,HAN Xutao,LIU Zehui,et al. Review on partial discharge measurement technology of electrical equipment[J]. High Voltage Engineering,2015,41(8):2583-2601.
[4] FROMM U. Interpretation of partial discharges at DC voltages[J]. IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation,1995,2(5):761-770.
[5] KREUGER F H. Industrial high DC voltage[M]. Delft:Delft University Press,1995.
[6] JEROENSE M J. Charges and discharges in HVDC cablesin particular in mass-impregnated HVDC cables[M]. Delft:Delft University Press,1997.
[7]司文荣,李军浩,袁鹏,等.直流电压下油纸绝缘中局部放电的超高频特性[J].高电压技术,2008,34(7):1336-1341.SI Wenrong,LI Junhao,YUAN Peng,et al. Ultra-highfrequency characteristic of partial discharge in oil-paper Insulation under DC voltage[J]. High Voltage Engineering,2008,34(7):1336-1341.
[8]沙彦超,周远翔,聂德鑫,等.直流电压下变压器油纸绝缘局部放电的发展过程[J].高电压技术,2014,40(2):526-532.SHA Yanchao,ZHOU Yuanxiang,NIE Dexin,et al. Partial discharge process of transformer oil-paper insulation under DC voltage[J]. High Voltage Engineering,2014,40(2):526-532.
[9]杨丰源,许永鹏,郑新龙,等.基于压缩感知的高压直流电缆局部放电模式识别[J].高电压技术,2017,43(2):446-452.YANG Fengyuan,XU Yongpeng,ZHENG Xinlong,et al.Partial discharge pattern recognition of HVDC cable based on compressive sensing[J]. High Voltage Engineering,2017,43(2):446-452.
[10]许永鹏,杨丰源,钱勇,等.基于改进ECOC分类器的直流电缆终端接头局放模式识别[J].中国电机工程学报,2017,37(4):1260-1268.XU Yongpeng,YANG Fengyuan,QIAN Yong,et al. Pattern recognition of PD in DC cable terminal joint based on the improved ECOC classifier[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE,2017,37(4):1260-1268.
[11]陈铮铮,赵健康,欧阳本红,等.直流与交流交联聚乙烯电缆料绝缘特性的差异及其机理分析[J].高电压技术,2014,40(9):2644-2652.CHEN Zhengzheng,ZHAO Jiankang,OUYANG Benhong,et al. Difference in insulation characteristics and mechanism between AC and DC XLPE cable material[J]. High Voltage Engineering,2014,40(9):2644-2652.
[12]赵林杰,赵晓斌,厉天威,等.多端柔性直流输电系统中±160 kV XLPE绝缘电缆系统设计与选型[J].高电压技术,2014,40(9):2635-2643.ZHAO Linjie,ZHAO Xiaobin,LI Tianwei,et al. Design and selection of±160 kV XLPE Insulated cable system for multi-terminal VSC HVDC power transmission system[J].High Voltage Engineering,2014,40(9):2635-2643.
[13]顾金,王俏华,李旭光,等. 30 kV直流XLPE电缆电场及温度场的仿真计算[J].电线电缆,2009,(6):9-12.GU Jin,WANG Qiaohua,LI Xuguang,et al. Simulation of electric field and temperature field in 30 kV DC XLPE cable[J]. Electric Wire&Cable,2009(6):9-12.
[14] WORZYK T.海底电力电缆—设计、安装、修复和环境影响[M].应启良,徐晓峰,孙建生,译.北京:机械工业出版社,2011:76-83.WORZYK T. Submarine power cables:Design,installation,repair,environmentalaspects[M].YINGQiliang,XUXiaofeng,SUN Jiansheng,Translate. Beijing:Machinery Industry Press,2011:76-83.
[15] BEYER J. Space charge and partial discharge phenomena in HVDC devices[M]. Delft,Holland:Delft University of Technology,2002.
[16] FROMM U. Partial discharge and breakdown testing at high DC voltages[M]. Delft,Holland:Delft University of Technology,1995.
[17]郭灿新,张丽,钱勇,等. XLPE电力电缆中局部放电检测及定位技术的研究现状[J].高压电器,2009,45(3):56-60.GUO Canxin,ZHANG Li,QIAN Yong,et al. Current status of partial discharge detection and location techniques in XLPE power cable[J]. High Voltage Apparatus,2009,45(3):56-60.
[18]康强,钱森,徐阳,等.高压直流XLPE海缆现场试验方法综述[J].绝缘材料,2015,48(8):8-14.KANG Qiang,QIAN Sen,XU Yang,et al. Review of field test methods of high voltage direct current XLPE submarine cable[J]. Insulating Materials,2015,48(8):8-14.
[19] MORSHUIS P H,SMIT J J. Partial discharges at DC voltage:Their mechanism,detection and analysis[J]. IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation,2005,12(2):328-340.
[20]司文荣,傅晨钊,黄华,等.直流局部放电脉冲峰值—时间序列特征指纹提取[J].高压电器,2013,49(11):17-24.SI Wenrong,FU Chenzhao,HUANG Hua,et al. Feature extraction for peak-time series of partial discharge at HVDC[J]. High Voltage Apparatus,2013,49(11):17-24.
[2]何金良,党斌,周垚,等.挤压型高压直流电缆研究进展及关键技术述评[J].高电压技术,2015,41(5):1417-1429.HE Jinliang,DANG Bin,ZHOU Yao,et al. Reviews on research progress and key technology in extruded cables for HVDC transmission[J]. High Voltage Engineering,2015,41(5):1417-1429.
[3]李军浩,韩旭涛,刘泽辉,等.电气设备局部放电检测技术述评[J].高电压技术,2015,41(8):2583-2601.LI Junhao,HAN Xutao,LIU Zehui,et al. Review on partial discharge measurement technology of electrical equipment[J]. High Voltage Engineering,2015,41(8):2583-2601.
[4] FROMM U. Interpretation of partial discharges at DC voltages[J]. IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation,1995,2(5):761-770.
[5] KREUGER F H. Industrial high DC voltage[M]. Delft:Delft University Press,1995.
[6] JEROENSE M J. Charges and discharges in HVDC cablesin particular in mass-impregnated HVDC cables[M]. Delft:Delft University Press,1997.
[7]司文荣,李军浩,袁鹏,等.直流电压下油纸绝缘中局部放电的超高频特性[J].高电压技术,2008,34(7):1336-1341.SI Wenrong,LI Junhao,YUAN Peng,et al. Ultra-highfrequency characteristic of partial discharge in oil-paper Insulation under DC voltage[J]. High Voltage Engineering,2008,34(7):1336-1341.
[8]沙彦超,周远翔,聂德鑫,等.直流电压下变压器油纸绝缘局部放电的发展过程[J].高电压技术,2014,40(2):526-532.SHA Yanchao,ZHOU Yuanxiang,NIE Dexin,et al. Partial discharge process of transformer oil-paper insulation under DC voltage[J]. High Voltage Engineering,2014,40(2):526-532.
[9]杨丰源,许永鹏,郑新龙,等.基于压缩感知的高压直流电缆局部放电模式识别[J].高电压技术,2017,43(2):446-452.YANG Fengyuan,XU Yongpeng,ZHENG Xinlong,et al.Partial discharge pattern recognition of HVDC cable based on compressive sensing[J]. High Voltage Engineering,2017,43(2):446-452.
[10]许永鹏,杨丰源,钱勇,等.基于改进ECOC分类器的直流电缆终端接头局放模式识别[J].中国电机工程学报,2017,37(4):1260-1268.XU Yongpeng,YANG Fengyuan,QIAN Yong,et al. Pattern recognition of PD in DC cable terminal joint based on the improved ECOC classifier[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE,2017,37(4):1260-1268.
[11]陈铮铮,赵健康,欧阳本红,等.直流与交流交联聚乙烯电缆料绝缘特性的差异及其机理分析[J].高电压技术,2014,40(9):2644-2652.CHEN Zhengzheng,ZHAO Jiankang,OUYANG Benhong,et al. Difference in insulation characteristics and mechanism between AC and DC XLPE cable material[J]. High Voltage Engineering,2014,40(9):2644-2652.
[12]赵林杰,赵晓斌,厉天威,等.多端柔性直流输电系统中±160 kV XLPE绝缘电缆系统设计与选型[J].高电压技术,2014,40(9):2635-2643.ZHAO Linjie,ZHAO Xiaobin,LI Tianwei,et al. Design and selection of±160 kV XLPE Insulated cable system for multi-terminal VSC HVDC power transmission system[J].High Voltage Engineering,2014,40(9):2635-2643.
[13]顾金,王俏华,李旭光,等. 30 kV直流XLPE电缆电场及温度场的仿真计算[J].电线电缆,2009,(6):9-12.GU Jin,WANG Qiaohua,LI Xuguang,et al. Simulation of electric field and temperature field in 30 kV DC XLPE cable[J]. Electric Wire&Cable,2009(6):9-12.
[14] WORZYK T.海底电力电缆—设计、安装、修复和环境影响[M].应启良,徐晓峰,孙建生,译.北京:机械工业出版社,2011:76-83.WORZYK T. Submarine power cables:Design,installation,repair,environmentalaspects[M].YINGQiliang,XUXiaofeng,SUN Jiansheng,Translate. Beijing:Machinery Industry Press,2011:76-83.
[15] BEYER J. Space charge and partial discharge phenomena in HVDC devices[M]. Delft,Holland:Delft University of Technology,2002.
[16] FROMM U. Partial discharge and breakdown testing at high DC voltages[M]. Delft,Holland:Delft University of Technology,1995.
[17]郭灿新,张丽,钱勇,等. XLPE电力电缆中局部放电检测及定位技术的研究现状[J].高压电器,2009,45(3):56-60.GUO Canxin,ZHANG Li,QIAN Yong,et al. Current status of partial discharge detection and location techniques in XLPE power cable[J]. High Voltage Apparatus,2009,45(3):56-60.
[18]康强,钱森,徐阳,等.高压直流XLPE海缆现场试验方法综述[J].绝缘材料,2015,48(8):8-14.KANG Qiang,QIAN Sen,XU Yang,et al. Review of field test methods of high voltage direct current XLPE submarine cable[J]. Insulating Materials,2015,48(8):8-14.
[19] MORSHUIS P H,SMIT J J. Partial discharges at DC voltage:Their mechanism,detection and analysis[J]. IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation,2005,12(2):328-340.
[20]司文荣,傅晨钊,黄华,等.直流局部放电脉冲峰值—时间序列特征指纹提取[J].高压电器,2013,49(11):17-24.SI Wenrong,FU Chenzhao,HUANG Hua,et al. Feature extraction for peak-time series of partial discharge at HVDC[J]. High Voltage Apparatus,2013,49(11):17-24.