学龄期阿斯伯格综合征与注意缺陷多动障碍儿童智力结构的对比研究
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摘要
目的分析学龄期阿斯伯格综合征(AS)与注意缺陷多动障碍(ADHD)儿童智力结构的差异。方法本研究选取157例学龄AS儿童为病例组,其中男146例,女11例,年龄6.0~14.0岁,平均(8.47±2.07)岁;对照组157例ADHD儿童,其中男145例,女12例,年龄6.1~14.0岁,平均(8.81±1.66)岁,应用韦氏智力测试量表(C-WISC)对两组儿童测试并进行对比分析。结果 1)AS组中言语智商(VIQ)高于操作智商(PIQ)者的比例(40.76%)显著高于ADHD组(9.55%)。而ADHD组PIQ高于VIQ者的比例(19.11%)显著高于AS组(5.73%)。两组儿童智力发展不平衡情况("VIQ-PIQ>14分"及"PIQ-VIQ>14分")的比例不同(P<0.01)。AS组儿童VIQ、PIQ不均衡者比例(46.50%)显著高于ADHD组(28.66%)(P<0.01)。2)Kaufman因子分析示AS组儿童在注意/不分心因子(C因子)得分与ADHD组儿童比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);但言语理解因子(A因子)得分显著高于ADHD组,而知觉组织因子(B因子)显著低于ADHD组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论学龄期AS儿童智力发展不平衡现象较ADHD儿童常见,AS儿童主要表现为言语智商高于操作智商,而ADHD儿童则相反。
Objective To analyse the difference of intelligence structure between Asperger syndrome (AS) children and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder(ADHD)children in school-age.Methods A total of 157 school-age AS children (146 males and 11 females,aged from 6 to 14 years,with an average age of 8.47±2.07 years)and 157 school-age ADHD children (145 males and 12 females,aged 6.1 to 14 years,mean 8.81±1.66 years) were evaluated by the Wechsler Intelligence Scale (C-WISC).The test results of the two groups were compared and analyzed.Results 1) The ratio of verbal intelligence quotient (VIQ)> performance intelligence quotient(PIQ)in AS group (40.76%) was significantly higher than that in ADHD group (9.55%).And the ratio of PIQ>VIQ in ADHD group (19.11%) was significantly higher than that in AS group (5.73%).The imbalance of intelligence development between the two groups ("VIQ-PIQ>14" and " PIQ-VIQ>14") was different (P<0.01).The ratio of intelligence development imbalance in AS group(46.50%)was significantly higher than that in ADHD group (28.66%)(P<0.01).2) Kaufman factor analysis showed that there was no significant difference between the two group in memory and care factor (C factor)(P>0.05).But AS group had significantly higher score on Verbal Comprehension than that of ADHD group,and significantly lower score on Perceptual Organization than that of ADHD group,the differences were statistically significant (all P<0.05).Conclusions The intelligence development imbalance in school-age AS children is more common than that in ADHD children.AS children mostly have higher score on VIQ than PIQ,whereas ADHD children have the opposite results.
Objective To analyse the difference of intelligence structure between Asperger syndrome (AS) children and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder(ADHD)children in school-age.Methods A total of 157 school-age AS children (146 males and 11 females,aged from 6 to 14 years,with an average age of 8.47±2.07 years)and 157 school-age ADHD children (145 males and 12 females,aged 6.1 to 14 years,mean 8.81±1.66 years) were evaluated by the Wechsler Intelligence Scale (C-WISC).The test results of the two groups were compared and analyzed.Results 1) The ratio of verbal intelligence quotient (VIQ)> performance intelligence quotient(PIQ)in AS group (40.76%) was significantly higher than that in ADHD group (9.55%).And the ratio of PIQ>VIQ in ADHD group (19.11%) was significantly higher than that in AS group (5.73%).The imbalance of intelligence development between the two groups ("VIQ-PIQ>14" and " PIQ-VIQ>14") was different (P<0.01).The ratio of intelligence development imbalance in AS group(46.50%)was significantly higher than that in ADHD group (28.66%)(P<0.01).2) Kaufman factor analysis showed that there was no significant difference between the two group in memory and care factor (C factor)(P>0.05).But AS group had significantly higher score on Verbal Comprehension than that of ADHD group,and significantly lower score on Perceptual Organization than that of ADHD group,the differences were statistically significant (all P<0.05).Conclusions The intelligence development imbalance in school-age AS children is more common than that in ADHD children.AS children mostly have higher score on VIQ than PIQ,whereas ADHD children have the opposite results.
引文
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[6]Hagberg B,Billstedt E,Nydén A,et al.Asperger syndrome and nonverbal learning difficulties in adult males:self-and parent-reported autism,attention and executive problems[J].Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry,2015,24(8):969-977.
[7]张颖,徐琼,刘静,等.阿斯伯格综合征患儿19例临床特征研究[J].中国儿童保健杂志,2012,20(1):17-19.
[8]Ardila A,Pineda D,Rosselli M.Correlation between intelligence test scores and executive function measures[J].Arch Clin Neuropsychology,2000,15:31-36.
[9]王惠,静进.韦氏儿童智力测验在孤独症谱系障碍儿童中的应用现状[J].中国儿童保健杂志,2011,19(5):448-450.
[10]雷平华,段君凯,邹时朴.80例注意缺陷多动障碍儿童智力结构分析[J].江西医药,2015,50(10):1080-1082.
[11]李建英,李巧毅,邹小兵,等.学龄前注意缺陷多动障碍儿童智力特征的研究[J].中国妇幼临床医学杂志:电子版,2010,6(6):394-397.
[12]陈伊莉.注意缺陷多动障碍儿童的智力特征[J].温州医科大学学报,2015,45(3):201-204.
[13]Helles A,Wallinius M,Gillberg IC,et al.Asperger syndromes in childhood-personality dimensions in adult life:temperament,character and outcome trajectories[J].BJPsych Open,2016,2(3):210-216.
[2]梁亚勇,杨翠萍,岑超群,等.学龄阿斯伯格综合征儿童与注意缺陷多动障碍共患率调查及误诊原因分析[J].中国儿童保健杂志,2012,20(4):357-360.
[3]Ehlers S,Nyden A,Gillberg C,et al.Asperger syndrome,autism and attention disorder:a comparative study of the cognitive profiles of 120children[J].Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry,1997,38:207-217.
[4]戴晓阳.韦氏智力量表的因素分析研究[J].国外医学(精神病分册),1998,15(2):74-81.
[5]龚耀先,蔡太生.中国修订韦氏儿童智力量表(C-WISC)手册[M].长沙:湖南地图出版社,1993.
[6]Hagberg B,Billstedt E,Nydén A,et al.Asperger syndrome and nonverbal learning difficulties in adult males:self-and parent-reported autism,attention and executive problems[J].Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry,2015,24(8):969-977.
[7]张颖,徐琼,刘静,等.阿斯伯格综合征患儿19例临床特征研究[J].中国儿童保健杂志,2012,20(1):17-19.
[8]Ardila A,Pineda D,Rosselli M.Correlation between intelligence test scores and executive function measures[J].Arch Clin Neuropsychology,2000,15:31-36.
[9]王惠,静进.韦氏儿童智力测验在孤独症谱系障碍儿童中的应用现状[J].中国儿童保健杂志,2011,19(5):448-450.
[10]雷平华,段君凯,邹时朴.80例注意缺陷多动障碍儿童智力结构分析[J].江西医药,2015,50(10):1080-1082.
[11]李建英,李巧毅,邹小兵,等.学龄前注意缺陷多动障碍儿童智力特征的研究[J].中国妇幼临床医学杂志:电子版,2010,6(6):394-397.
[12]陈伊莉.注意缺陷多动障碍儿童的智力特征[J].温州医科大学学报,2015,45(3):201-204.
[13]Helles A,Wallinius M,Gillberg IC,et al.Asperger syndromes in childhood-personality dimensions in adult life:temperament,character and outcome trajectories[J].BJPsych Open,2016,2(3):210-216.