第三组份端基对有机太阳能电池性能的影响（英文）
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摘要
我们用宽带隙聚合物FTAZ(苯并二噻吩-二氟苯并氮三唑共聚物)作为给体,窄带隙稠环电子受体FOIC(六噻吩稠环-氟代腈基茚酮类化合物)作为受体,中带隙稠环电子受体IDT-IC (引达醒-腈基茚酮类化合物)和IDT-NC (引达醒-腈基苯并茚酮类化合物)分别作为第三组分,制备了三元共混有机太阳能电池,研究了第三组分端基对器件性能的影响。IDT-IC和IDT-NC具有相似的化学结构,仅端基不同;IDT-IC端基是苯环,而IDT-NC端基是萘环。与IDT-IC相比,IDT-NC吸收光谱红移40nm,LUMO能级下移0.11 eV,电子迁移率提高50%。基于FTAZ:FOIC,FTAZ:IDT-IC,FTAZ:IDT-NC二元共混体系的有机太阳能电池效率分别为9.73%,7.48%,7.68%。FTAZ:FOIC:IDT-IC和FTAZ:FOIC:IDT-NC三元共混器件的效率分别提升到11.2%和10.4%。对于FTAZ:FOIC:IDT-IC三元共混器件,由于IDT-IC比FOIC具有更高的LUMO能级,开路电压(V_(OC))随着IDT-IC含量的增多而增加。由于IDT-IC与FOIC吸收光谱高度互补,短路电流(J_(SC))也显著提高。第三组份IDT-IC的加入改善了薄膜形貌和载流子传输,填充因子(FF)有所提高。对于FTAZ:FOIC:IDT-NC三元共混器件,由于IDT-NC比FOIC具有更高的LUMO能级,V_(OC)随着IDT-NC含量的增多而增加;但由于IDT-NC的LUMO能级比IDT-IC的LUMO能级低,其V_(OC)比FTAZ:FOIC:IDT-IC体系低。由于FOIC和IDT-NC吸收光谱高度重叠,J_(SC)降低。第三组份IDT-NC的加入改善了薄膜形貌和载流子传输,FF提高,甚至比FTAZ:FOIC:IDT-IC体系有更好的载流子传输和FF。
Ternary blends have been considered as an effective approach to improve power conversion efficiency(PCE) of organic solar cells(OSCs). Among them, the fullerene-containing ternary OSCs have been studied extensively, and their PCEs are as high as over 14%. However,all non-fullerene acceptor ternary OSCs are still limited by their relatively lower PCEs. In this work,we used wide-bandgap benzodithiophene-difluorobenzotriazole copolymer FTAZ as the donor, low-bandgap fused-ring electron acceptor(FREA),fused tris(thienothiophene) end-capped by fluorinated 1,1-dicyanomethylene-3-indanone(FOIC)as acceptor, and two medium-bandgap FREAs,indaceno-dithiophene endcapped by 1,1-dicyanomethylene-3-indanone(IDT-IC) and indacenodithiophene end-capped by 1,1-dicyanomethylene-3-benzoindanone(IDT-NC), as the third components to fabricate the ternary blends FTAZ:FOIC:IDT-IC and FTAZ:FOIC:IDT-NC, and investigated the effects of the third components on the performance of ternary OSCs. Both IDT-IC and IDT-NC are based on the same indacenodithiophene core but contain different terminal groups(phenyl and naphthyl). Relative to IDT-IC with phenyl terminal groups, IDT-NC with naphthyl terminal groups has extended Tr-conjugation, down-shifted lowest unoccupied molecular orbital(LUMO), red-shifted absorption andhigher electron mobility. The binary devices based on the FTAZ:FOIC, FTAZ:IDT-IC and FTAZ:IDT-NC blends exhibit PCEs of9.73%, 7.48% and 7.68%, respectively. Compared with corresponding binary devices, both ternary devices based on FTAZ:FOIC:IDT-IC and FTAZ:FOIC:IDT-NC exhibit better photovoltaic performances. When the IDT-IC weight ratio in acceptors is 50%, the FTAZ:FOIC:IDT-IC ternary devices exhibit the best PCE of 11.2%. The ternary-blend OSCs yield simultaneously improved open-circuit voltage(VOC), short-circuit current density(Jsc) and fill factor(FF) compared with the binary devices based on FTAZ:FOIC. The higher VOC is attributed to the higher LUMO energy level of IDT-IC compared with FOIC. The improved Jsc is attributed to the complementary absorption of FOIC and IDT-IC. The introduction of IDT-IC improves blend morphology and charge transport, leading to higher FF. The FTAZ:FOIC:IDT-NC system yields a higher PCE of 10.4% relative to the binary devices based on FTAZ:FOIC as the active layer. However, the PCE of the FTAZ:FOIC:IDT-NC-based ternary devices is lower than that of the FTAZ:FOIC:IDT-IC-based ternary devices.Compared with the binary devices based on FTAZ:FOIC, in FTAZ:FOIC:IDT-NC-based ternary devices, as the ratioof the third component increases, the VOC increases due to the higher LUMO energy level of IDT-NC, the FF increases due to optimized morphology and improved charge transport, while the Jsc decreases due to the overlapped absorption of FOICand IDT-NC. The terminal groups in the thirdcomponents affect the performance of the ternary OSCs.The lower LUMO energy level of IDT-NC is responsible for the lower VOC of the FTAZ:FOIC:IDT-NC devices. The red-shifted absorption of IDT-NC leads to the overlapping of the absorption spectra of IDT-NC and FOIC and lower JSC. On the other hand,replacing the phenyl terminal groups by the naphthyl terminal groups influences the π-π packing and charge transport.The FTAZ:FOIC:IDT-NC blend exhibits higher electron mobility and more balanced charge transport than FTAZ:FOIC:IDT-IC,leading to a higher FF.
Ternary blends have been considered as an effective approach to improve power conversion efficiency(PCE) of organic solar cells(OSCs). Among them, the fullerene-containing ternary OSCs have been studied extensively, and their PCEs are as high as over 14%. However,all non-fullerene acceptor ternary OSCs are still limited by their relatively lower PCEs. In this work,we used wide-bandgap benzodithiophene-difluorobenzotriazole copolymer FTAZ as the donor, low-bandgap fused-ring electron acceptor(FREA),fused tris(thienothiophene) end-capped by fluorinated 1,1-dicyanomethylene-3-indanone(FOIC)as acceptor, and two medium-bandgap FREAs,indaceno-dithiophene endcapped by 1,1-dicyanomethylene-3-indanone(IDT-IC) and indacenodithiophene end-capped by 1,1-dicyanomethylene-3-benzoindanone(IDT-NC), as the third components to fabricate the ternary blends FTAZ:FOIC:IDT-IC and FTAZ:FOIC:IDT-NC, and investigated the effects of the third components on the performance of ternary OSCs. Both IDT-IC and IDT-NC are based on the same indacenodithiophene core but contain different terminal groups(phenyl and naphthyl). Relative to IDT-IC with phenyl terminal groups, IDT-NC with naphthyl terminal groups has extended Tr-conjugation, down-shifted lowest unoccupied molecular orbital(LUMO), red-shifted absorption andhigher electron mobility. The binary devices based on the FTAZ:FOIC, FTAZ:IDT-IC and FTAZ:IDT-NC blends exhibit PCEs of9.73%, 7.48% and 7.68%, respectively. Compared with corresponding binary devices, both ternary devices based on FTAZ:FOIC:IDT-IC and FTAZ:FOIC:IDT-NC exhibit better photovoltaic performances. When the IDT-IC weight ratio in acceptors is 50%, the FTAZ:FOIC:IDT-IC ternary devices exhibit the best PCE of 11.2%. The ternary-blend OSCs yield simultaneously improved open-circuit voltage(VOC), short-circuit current density(Jsc) and fill factor(FF) compared with the binary devices based on FTAZ:FOIC. The higher VOC is attributed to the higher LUMO energy level of IDT-IC compared with FOIC. The improved Jsc is attributed to the complementary absorption of FOIC and IDT-IC. The introduction of IDT-IC improves blend morphology and charge transport, leading to higher FF. The FTAZ:FOIC:IDT-NC system yields a higher PCE of 10.4% relative to the binary devices based on FTAZ:FOIC as the active layer. However, the PCE of the FTAZ:FOIC:IDT-NC-based ternary devices is lower than that of the FTAZ:FOIC:IDT-IC-based ternary devices.Compared with the binary devices based on FTAZ:FOIC, in FTAZ:FOIC:IDT-NC-based ternary devices, as the ratioof the third component increases, the VOC increases due to the higher LUMO energy level of IDT-NC, the FF increases due to optimized morphology and improved charge transport, while the Jsc decreases due to the overlapped absorption of FOICand IDT-NC. The terminal groups in the thirdcomponents affect the performance of the ternary OSCs.The lower LUMO energy level of IDT-NC is responsible for the lower VOC of the FTAZ:FOIC:IDT-NC devices. The red-shifted absorption of IDT-NC leads to the overlapping of the absorption spectra of IDT-NC and FOIC and lower JSC. On the other hand,replacing the phenyl terminal groups by the naphthyl terminal groups influences the π-π packing and charge transport.The FTAZ:FOIC:IDT-NC blend exhibits higher electron mobility and more balanced charge transport than FTAZ:FOIC:IDT-IC,leading to a higher FF.
引文
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