生物有机肥对杨梅凋萎病防控及其树势恢复的影响
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摘要
凋萎病是目前杨梅产业的最主要病害。本试验研究鸡粪复合菌肥、羊粪复合菌肥和蚯蚓粪复合菌肥3种生物有机肥对该病害的防控效果及其树势恢复的影响。结果表明,施用3种生物有机肥对凋萎病的防效达35.2%～49.6%。三种生物有机肥处理的树体叶片氮、钾、铁、铜、锌、钙、锰的含量均比对照高;土壤pH值降低,有机质和氮、磷、钾、硫、硼、锌、铜等土壤元素含量均高于对照;植株梢粗、叶长、叶绿素含量及光合速率分别比对照高15.0%～24.5%、4.3%～12.7%、1.4%～6.5%、40.2%～81.3%;可溶性固形物、维生素C和总糖含量分别比对照提高10.2%～19.0%、0.3%～23.9%、3.3%～11.2%,可滴定酸比对照降低2.2%～22.0%。综上所述,生物有机肥可减轻杨梅凋萎病的发生,促进杨梅植株生长树势恢复,提升果实品质,建议适量施用生物有机肥作为基肥。
Twig blight disease of bayberry is the most important disease in bayberry industry at present. In this study, the effects of three bio-organic fertilizers, chicken manure, sheep manure and earthworm manure, on the disease control and tree vigor recovery were studied. The results showed that the control effect of three bio-organic fertilizers on twig blight disease was 35.2%-49.6%. The contents of nitrogen, potassium, iron, copper, zinc, calcium and manganese in leaves of three bio-organic fertilizer treatments were higher than those of the control. The content of organic matter and soil elements such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, sulfur, boron, zinc and copper were higher than those of the control. Plant shoot diameter, leaf length, chlorophyll content and photosynthetic rate were 15.0%-24.5%, 4.3%-12.7%, 1.4%-6.5%, 40.2%-81.3% higher than those of the control, respectively. The contents of soluble solids, vitamin C and total sugar were increased by 10.2%-19.0%, 0.3%-23.9%, 3.3%-11.2% respectively and titratable acid was decreased by 2.2%-22.0% compared with the control. In summary, bio-organic fertilizer could reduce the occurrence of bayberry twig blight disease, promote the plant growth and restore the tree vigor of bayberry, and improve fruit quality. It was suggested that appropriate amount of bio-organic fertilizer should be applied as base fertilizer in bayberry production.
Twig blight disease of bayberry is the most important disease in bayberry industry at present. In this study, the effects of three bio-organic fertilizers, chicken manure, sheep manure and earthworm manure, on the disease control and tree vigor recovery were studied. The results showed that the control effect of three bio-organic fertilizers on twig blight disease was 35.2%-49.6%. The contents of nitrogen, potassium, iron, copper, zinc, calcium and manganese in leaves of three bio-organic fertilizer treatments were higher than those of the control. The content of organic matter and soil elements such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, sulfur, boron, zinc and copper were higher than those of the control. Plant shoot diameter, leaf length, chlorophyll content and photosynthetic rate were 15.0%-24.5%, 4.3%-12.7%, 1.4%-6.5%, 40.2%-81.3% higher than those of the control, respectively. The contents of soluble solids, vitamin C and total sugar were increased by 10.2%-19.0%, 0.3%-23.9%, 3.3%-11.2% respectively and titratable acid was decreased by 2.2%-22.0% compared with the control. In summary, bio-organic fertilizer could reduce the occurrence of bayberry twig blight disease, promote the plant growth and restore the tree vigor of bayberry, and improve fruit quality. It was suggested that appropriate amount of bio-organic fertilizer should be applied as base fertilizer in bayberry production.
引文
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[2] 任海英,梁森苗,郑锡良,等.杨梅凋萎病菌侵染、传播及树体内分布规律[J].浙江农业学报,2016,28(4):630-639.REN H Y,LIANG S M,ZHENG X L,et al.Infection,spread and distribution of pathogens of twig blight disease on bayberry[J].Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis,2016,28(4):630-639.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[3] 任海英,戚行江,陈安良,等.十种杀菌剂对杨梅凋萎病的药效评价[J].果树学报,2013,30(5):848-853.REN H Y,QI X J,CHEN A L,et al.Effects of fungicides on twig blight disease of bayberry[J].Journal of Fruit Science,2013,30(5):848-853.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[4] 何凯,石纹豪,李振轮.生物有机肥防治植物土传病害研究进展[J].河南农业科学,2014,43(6):1-5.HE K,SHI W H,LI Z L.Advances in control of plant soil-borne disease by bio-organic fertilizer[J].Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences,2014,43(6):1-5.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[5] 陶梦慧,索全义,张曙光,等.不同施肥对土壤微生物量和酶活性的影响[J].北方园艺,2017(9):154-159.TAO M H,SUO Q Y,ZHANG S G,et al.Effects of different fertilization on the number of soil microbiologic and soil enzyme activities[J].Northern Horticulture,2017(9):154-159.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[6] 高树青,王宝申,陈宝江,等.生物有机肥在果树上的应用效果研究[J].腐植酸,2011(4):15-21.GAO S Q,WANG B S,CHEN B J,et al.Application effect of bio-organic fertilizer on fruit tree[J].Humic Acid,2011(4):15-21.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[7] 刘翠玲,梁志杰,滕芳超.生物有机肥在蔬菜上的应用及其经济效益分析[J].中国园艺文摘,2017,33(7):34-35,65.LIU C L,LIANG Z J,TENG F C.Effect of bio-mixed organic fertilizer on yield and economic benefit of pepper and rape reens[J].Chinese Horticulture Abstracts,2017,33(7):34-35,65.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[8] 李亚娟,邱慧珍,高启发,等.生物有机肥对保护地西瓜生长、产量和品质的影响[J].土壤与作物,2017,6(2):127-131.LI Y J,QIU H Z,GAO Q F,et al.Effects of biological organic fertilizer on watermelon growth,yield and quality under protected cultivation[J].Soils and Crops,2017,6(2):127-131.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[9] 梁琴,陈兴福,李瑶,等.化肥与有机肥配施对川芎产量的影响[J].中药材,2015,38(10):2015-2020.LIANG Q,CHEN X F,LI Y,et al.Effects of chemical fertilizers and organic fertilizer on yield of Ligusticum chuanxiong rhizome[J].Journal of Chinese Medicinal Materials,2015,38(10):2015-2020.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[10] 王蓓蓓.轮作及生物有机肥防控香蕉土传枯萎病的土壤微生物机制研究[D].南京:南京农业大学,2015.WANG B B.Combined control on Fusarium wilt of banana by rotation together with application of bio-organic fertilizer and its action mechanism[D].Nanjing:Nanjing Agricultural University,2015.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[11] 高雪莲,邓开英,张鹏,等.不同生物有机肥对甜瓜土传枯萎病防治效果及对根际土壤微生物区系的影响[J].南京农业大学学报,2012,35(6):55-60.GAO X L,DENG K Y,ZHANG P,et al.Effects of different bio-organic fertilizers on Fusarium wilt control and on the rhizosphere microbial community with muskmelon[J].Journal of Nanjing Agricultural University,2012,35(6):55-60.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[12] 张丽荣,郭成瑾,沈瑞清,等.不同生物有机肥对马铃薯生长和产量的影响以及防治黑痣病的效果[J].江苏农业科学,2017,45(14):66-68.ZHANG L R,GUO C J,SHEN R Q,et al.Effects of different organic fertilizers on the growth and yield of potato and the effect of prevention and cure against nevus[J].Jiangsu Agricultural Sciences,2017,45(14):66-68.(in Chinese)
[13] 张振兰,朱潇婷,任海英,等.杨梅种质资源对凋萎病抗性评价[J].浙江农业科学,2014,55(10):1567-1569,1571.ZHANG Z L,ZHU X T,REN H Y,et al.Resistance evaluation of Myricarubra germplasm resources to twig blight disease[J].Journal of Zhejiang Agricultural Sciences,2014(10):1567-1569,1571.(in Chinese)
[14] 中国土壤学会农业化学专业委员会.土壤农业化学常规分析方法[M].北京:科学出版社,1983.
[15] 王学奎.植物生理生化实验原理和技术[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2006.
[16] 任海英,戚行江,梁森苗,等.杨梅凋萎病综合防治技术要点总结[J].中国南方果树,2015,44(2):119-120,124.REN H Y,QI X J,LIANG S M,et al.Summary of integrated control techniques for twig blight disease of bayberry[J].South China Fruits,2015,44(2):119-120,124.(in Chinese)
[17] 黄金凤.生物有机肥对金叶女贞根际微环境和枯萎病的影响[J].江苏农业科学,2018,46(10):126-130.HUANG J F.Influences of bio-organic fertilizer on rhizosphere microenvironment and wilt disease of Ligustrum vicaryi[J].Jiangsu Agricultural Sciences,2018,46(10):126-130.(in Chinese)
[18] 施河丽,孙立广,谭军,等.生物有机肥对烟草青枯病的防效及对土壤细菌群落的影响[J].中国烟草科学,2018,39(2):54-62.SHI H L,SUN L G,TAN J,et al.Control efficiency of bio-organic fertilizers on tobacco bacterial wilt and their effects on soil bacterial community[J].Chinese Tobacco Science,2018,39(2):54-62.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[19] 曹群,丁文娟,赵兰凤,等.生物有机肥对冬瓜枯萎病及土壤微生物和酶活性的影响[J].华南农业大学学报,2015,36(2):36-42.CAO Q,DING W J,ZHAO L F,et al.Effects of biological organic fertilizer on wax gourd wilt disease,microorganism and enzyme activities in soil[J].Journal of South China Agricultural University,2015,36(2):36-42.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[20] 王瑾,董文斌,韦家华,等.生物有机肥对香蕉植株生长和香蕉枯萎病防控研究[J].西南农业学报,2017,30(7):1565-1569.WANG J,DONG W B,WEI J H,et al.Effects of bio-organic fertilizer on plant growth and banana Fusarium wilt control[J].Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences,2017,30(7):1565-1569.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[21] 汪景彦,丁文涛.生物有机肥现状及其在果树上的应用[J].果树实用技术与信息,2017(11):18-20.WANG J Y,DING W T.Present situation of bio-organic fertilizer and their application on fruit trees[J].Practical Technology and Information of Fruit Trees,2017(11):18-20.(in Chinese)
[22] 郑锡良,任海英,戚行江,等.生物有机肥复壮杨梅树势及改良果实品质的效应[J].中国南方果树,2015,44(6):59-62.ZHENG X L,REN H Y,QI X J,et al.The effect of bio-organic fertilizer on the tree vigor recovery and fruit quality improverment of bayberry[J].South China Fruits,2015,44(6):59-62.(in Chinese)
[23] 杜研,卢明艳,于婷,等.不同生物有机肥对红枣生长性状及品质影响研究[J].防护林科技,2017(7):34-35,38.DU Y,LU M Y,YU T,et al.Effects of various bio-fertilizers on growth characteristics and quality of Ziziphus jujuba[J].Protection Forest Science and Technology,2017(7):34-35,38.(in Chinese with English abstract)
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