“三传一反”与“三环一网”——论现代高炉的再生
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摘要
"三传一反"是过程工业和过程工程的学科基础,为过程工程研究和设计的现代化提供了重要的理论保障。近年来,由于中国过程工业发展特点,导致资源和环境问题突出。为了更好地解决能源和环境问题,提出了"三传一反"与"三环一网"互补、协同的思路,希望从根本上解决过程工业出现的资源、能源和环境问题。所谓三环是指新工艺新技术符合环境(一环)要求;物质和能量实现行业内、设备内的循环(二环);资源和能量实现全社会、跨行业、跨地区的循环(三环)利用和匹配。一网是构建煤基清洁气体能源网络,实现清洁能源自给自足,确保中国能源安全。中国能源以煤为主,直接用煤出现了能源浪费、大气污染、水污染等问题。然而煤作为不得不用的能源,只有清洁高效转化才是根本。高炉是钢铁工业的重要装备,由于近年来粗钢产能过剩、废钢循环、基建投资还本困难等问题,部分高炉面临拆除的风险,势必导致固定资产的浪费,因此如何寻找大中型高炉出路是摆在钢铁工业面前的现实问题。除了炼铁之外,高炉的能源转换和固废转化功能,还没有发挥出来。为此,提出高炉改成造气炉,利用中国资源量丰富的非焦煤型煤在高炉内气化,再利用气体净化技术,余热回收技术,实现煤的清洁转化,最终形成清洁气体能源网路。希望借助"三传一反"与"三环一网"互补理念,帮助过程工业,特别是能源工业和重工业发展。使中国钢铁工业从产量第一,向设备功能提升、装备升级、产品结构拓展等方向发展,实现产业升级、突破行业壁垒,实现过剩钢铁向煤基清洁能源的转变,助力过程工业的"弯道超车"。
"Transference processes and reaction engineering"is the disciplinary basis of process industry and process engineering,which provides an important theoretical guarantee for the modernization of process engineering research and design.In recent years,due to the characteristics of China process industry,resource and environmental problems have become prominent.In order to solve the energy and environmental problems,the ideas of "transference processes and reaction engineering" and "three circle one net" with complementary and synergistic effects were put forward,hoping to fundamentally solve the resource,energy and environmental problems arising from the process industry.The so-called "three circle" refers to the new technology meets the environmental requirements(one circle);material and energy realize the circulation(two circles)within the industry and equipment;resources and energy realize the circulation(three circles)and matching of the whole society,cross-industry and cross-region."one net"refers to the construction of coal-based clean gas energy network to achieve self-sufficiency of clean energy and ensure energy security in China.Coal is the main energy source in China.The direct utilization of coal has resulted in energy waste,air pollution and water pollution.Therefore,the clean and efficient conversion of coal,as a necessary energy source,coal is fundamentally to achieve clean and efficient transformation.Blast furnace is an important equipment in iron and steel industry.In recent years,some blast furnaces are facing the risk of demolition due to the problems of excess capacity of crude steel,scrap recycling and difficulty in repaying capital investment,which will inevitably lead to waste of fixed assets.Therefore,how to find a way out for large and medium-sized blast furnaces is a realistic problem in front of the iron and steel industry.Besides iron-making,the functions of energy conversion and solid waste conversion of blast furnaces have not been brought into full play.Therefore,the blast furnace into a gasification furnace to coal gasification in the blast furnace were proposed to transform,and use gas purification technology and waste heat recovery technology to achieve clean conversion of coal,and finally form a clean gas energy network.The process industries,especially the energy industry and heavy industry,with the help of"transference processes and reaction engineering"and"three circle one net"concept were hoped to develop.To make China iron and steel industry develop from output first to equipment function upgrading,equipment upgrading and product structure expansion.To upgrade industry,break through industry barriers,realize the transformation of excess iron and steel to coal-based clean energy,and help the process industry "overtake in bends".
"Transference processes and reaction engineering"is the disciplinary basis of process industry and process engineering,which provides an important theoretical guarantee for the modernization of process engineering research and design.In recent years,due to the characteristics of China process industry,resource and environmental problems have become prominent.In order to solve the energy and environmental problems,the ideas of "transference processes and reaction engineering" and "three circle one net" with complementary and synergistic effects were put forward,hoping to fundamentally solve the resource,energy and environmental problems arising from the process industry.The so-called "three circle" refers to the new technology meets the environmental requirements(one circle);material and energy realize the circulation(two circles)within the industry and equipment;resources and energy realize the circulation(three circles)and matching of the whole society,cross-industry and cross-region."one net"refers to the construction of coal-based clean gas energy network to achieve self-sufficiency of clean energy and ensure energy security in China.Coal is the main energy source in China.The direct utilization of coal has resulted in energy waste,air pollution and water pollution.Therefore,the clean and efficient conversion of coal,as a necessary energy source,coal is fundamentally to achieve clean and efficient transformation.Blast furnace is an important equipment in iron and steel industry.In recent years,some blast furnaces are facing the risk of demolition due to the problems of excess capacity of crude steel,scrap recycling and difficulty in repaying capital investment,which will inevitably lead to waste of fixed assets.Therefore,how to find a way out for large and medium-sized blast furnaces is a realistic problem in front of the iron and steel industry.Besides iron-making,the functions of energy conversion and solid waste conversion of blast furnaces have not been brought into full play.Therefore,the blast furnace into a gasification furnace to coal gasification in the blast furnace were proposed to transform,and use gas purification technology and waste heat recovery technology to achieve clean conversion of coal,and finally form a clean gas energy network.The process industries,especially the energy industry and heavy industry,with the help of"transference processes and reaction engineering"and"three circle one net"concept were hoped to develop.To make China iron and steel industry develop from output first to equipment function upgrading,equipment upgrading and product structure expansion.To upgrade industry,break through industry barriers,realize the transformation of excess iron and steel to coal-based clean energy,and help the process industry "overtake in bends".
引文
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[15]毕学工,李九林,李鹏,等.德国工业4.0、中国制造2025与智能冶金浅议[J].钢铁,2016,51(3):1.(BI Xue-gong,LI Jiulin,LI Peng,et al.Brief discussions on German industry 4.0,Chinese manufacture 2025and intelligent metallurgy[J].Iron and Steel,2016,51(3):1.)
[16]殷瑞钰,张寿荣,干勇,等.黑色金属矿产资源的可持续开发和综合利用[R].北京:中国工程院咨询项目报告,2014.(YIN Rui-yu,ZHANG Shou-rong,GAN Yong,et al.Sustainable Exploitation and Utilization of Ferrous Metal Mineral Resources[R].Beijing:Advisory Report for Chinese Academy of Engineering,2014.)
[2]中国环境与发展国际合作委员会.中国经济发展方式的绿色转型[M].北京:中国环境科学出版社,2012.(The Editorial Board of China Council for International Cooperation on Enviroment and Development.The Green Transformation of Chinese Economical Development Mode[M].Beijing:China Enviromental Science Press,2012.)
[3]赵沛,董鹏莉.碳排放是中国钢铁业未来不容忽视的问题[J].钢铁,2018,53(8):1.(ZHAO Pei,DONG Peng-li.Carbon emission cannot be ignored in future of Chinese steel industry[J].Iron and Steel,2018,53(8):1.)
[4]中国金属学会,中国钢铁工业协会.2011—2020年中国钢铁工业科学与技术发展指南[M].北京:冶金工业出版社,2012.(The Chinese Society for Matals,China Iron and Steel Association.Technology Roadmap on Chinese Steel Industry 2011—2020[M].Beijing:Mechanical Industry Press,2012.)
[5]殷瑞钰,张寿荣,干勇,等.黑色金属矿产资源的可持续开发和综合利用[R].北京:中国工程院咨询项目报告,2014.(YIN Rui-yu,ZHANG Shou-rong,GAN Yong,et al.Sustainable Exploitation and Utilization of Ferrous Metal Mineral Resources[R].Beijing:Advisory Report for Chinese Academy of Engineering,2014.)
[6]张春霞,王海风,张寿荣,等.中国钢铁工业绿色发展工程科技战略及对策[J].钢铁,2015,10(5):1.(ZHANG Chun-xia,WANG Hai-feng,ZHANG Shou-rong,et al.Strategic study on green development of Chinese steel industry[J].Iron and Steel,2015,10(5):1.)
[7]龙红明,魏汝飞,李宁,等.高炉炼铁协同处理城市可燃固废[J].钢铁,2018,53(3):1.(LONG Hong-ming,WEI Ru-fei,LI Ning,et al.Disposal of city combustible solid waste by blast furnace[J].Iron and Steel,2018,53(3):1.)
[8]郭慕孙.过程工程[J].过程工程学报,2001,1(1):2.(Mooson Kwauk.Process engineering[J].The Chinese Journal of Process Engineering,2001,1(1):2.)
[9]殷瑞钰.冶金流程工程学[M].2版.北京:冶金工业出版社,2009.(YIN Rui-yu.Metallurgical Process Engineering[M].2nd ed.Beijing:Mechanical Industry Press,2009.)
[10]李洪福,温燕明.钢铁流程煤基能量高效转换与钢-电联产模式[J].钢铁,2018,53(10):95.(LI Hong-fu,WEN Yan-ming.Efficient conversion of coal-based energy in iron and steel process and steel-electric cogeneration mode[J].Iron and Steel,2018,53(10):95.)
[11]汪玉华,公旭中,王志,等.一种褐煤粘结剂成型制备加压气化型煤的方法:中国,ZL201510790387.X[P].2018-10-19.(WANG Yu-hua,GONG Xu-zhong,WANG Zhi,et al.The Invention Relates to a Method for Preparing Pressurized Gasification Briquette by Forming Lignite Binder:China,ZL201510790387.X[P].2018-10-19.)
[12]殷瑞钰,金涌,张寿荣,等.流程工业与循环经济[R].北京:中国工程院咨询项目报告,2007.(YIN Rui-yu,JIN Yong,ZHANG Shou-rong,et al.Process Industry and Circular Economy[R].Beijing:Advisory Report for ChineseAcademy of Engineering,2007.)
[13]殷瑞钰.过程工程与低碳经济[R].北京:中国工程院咨询项目报告,2011.(YIN Rui-yu.Process Engineering and Low Carbon Economy[R].Beijing:Advisory Report for Chinese Academy of Engineering,2011.)
[14]王新东,田京雷,宋程远.大型钢铁企业绿色制造创新实践与展望[J].钢铁,2018,53(2):1.(WANG Xin-dong,TIAN Jinglei,SONG Cheng-yuan.Innovative practice technology and outlook in large iron and steel enterprise green manufacturing[J].Iron and Steel,2018,53(2):1.)
[15]毕学工,李九林,李鹏,等.德国工业4.0、中国制造2025与智能冶金浅议[J].钢铁,2016,51(3):1.(BI Xue-gong,LI Jiulin,LI Peng,et al.Brief discussions on German industry 4.0,Chinese manufacture 2025and intelligent metallurgy[J].Iron and Steel,2016,51(3):1.)
[16]殷瑞钰,张寿荣,干勇,等.黑色金属矿产资源的可持续开发和综合利用[R].北京:中国工程院咨询项目报告,2014.(YIN Rui-yu,ZHANG Shou-rong,GAN Yong,et al.Sustainable Exploitation and Utilization of Ferrous Metal Mineral Resources[R].Beijing:Advisory Report for Chinese Academy of Engineering,2014.)