广州市64736名工人职业危害及常见慢性病患病情况调查
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摘要
目的了解广州市接触各种职业危害因素工人的职业危害及常见慢性病患病情况,探讨慢性病防治在职业健康促进中的重要性。方法选取广州市职业病防治院2017年开展在岗期间职业健康检查的64 736名作业工人为研究对象,按照《职业健康监护技术规范》的相关要求开展职业健康检查,同时询问最近1次测量的身高、体重,并测量血压,测定空腹血糖和血脂。采用SPSS 22.0软件进行t检验、χ2检验和趋势χ2检验。结果本研究作业工人的职业禁忌证检出率为1.5%;针对职业损害的体检指标异常需要进一步复查且复查后仍为异常但不能确定疑似职业病者的阳性检出率为1.9%;疑似职业病检出率为0.05%;非职业性相关的其他疾病或异常检出率高达60.4%,且随年龄的增加呈上升趋势,有统计学意义(P<0.01)。高血压、高血糖、血脂偏高和超重或肥胖的检出率分别为7.1%、16.8%、48.5%和28.6%,检出率均随年龄的增加呈上升趋势,均有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论作业工人除了存在职业性健康危害外,常见慢性病对健康的影响更为普遍,预防与控制职业病和慢性病应在该类人群中同步开展。
Objective To understand the prevalence of occupational hazards and common chronic diseases in workers occupationally exposed to several occupational hazard factors and to explore the importance of chronic disease prevention and treatment in improvement of occupational health. Methods A total of 64 736 workers who participated in occupational health examination in 2017 in Guangzhou Occupational Diseases Prevention and Treatment Center while on duty served as the subjects.The occupational health examination was carried out in accordance with the relevant requirements of the Technical Specification for Occupational Health Surveillance. The last measurements of height and weight were inquired,and the blood pressure,fasting glucose and blood lipids were detected. The t test,χ2 test and trend χ2 test were used to analyze the data,the used software was SPSS 22.0. Results The detected rate of occupational contraindication was 1.5%;the positive rate of physical examination indices which were abnormal and needed to be re-checked for occupational injury was 1.9%. The detected rate of the suspected occupational diseases was 0.05%. The detected rate of other non-occupational related diseases or abnormalities was as high as60.4%,increasing with age(P<0.01).The positive rates of hypertension,hyperglycemia,dyslipidemia and overweight or obesity were 7.1%,16.8%,48.5% and 28.6%,respectively and increased with age(P<0.01). Conclusion Besides occupational injuries,the health effects of chronic diseases on occupational groups were more common. Prevention and control of occupational diseases and chronic diseases should be performed simultaneously in the occupational population.
Objective To understand the prevalence of occupational hazards and common chronic diseases in workers occupationally exposed to several occupational hazard factors and to explore the importance of chronic disease prevention and treatment in improvement of occupational health. Methods A total of 64 736 workers who participated in occupational health examination in 2017 in Guangzhou Occupational Diseases Prevention and Treatment Center while on duty served as the subjects.The occupational health examination was carried out in accordance with the relevant requirements of the Technical Specification for Occupational Health Surveillance. The last measurements of height and weight were inquired,and the blood pressure,fasting glucose and blood lipids were detected. The t test,χ2 test and trend χ2 test were used to analyze the data,the used software was SPSS 22.0. Results The detected rate of occupational contraindication was 1.5%;the positive rate of physical examination indices which were abnormal and needed to be re-checked for occupational injury was 1.9%. The detected rate of the suspected occupational diseases was 0.05%. The detected rate of other non-occupational related diseases or abnormalities was as high as60.4%,increasing with age(P<0.01).The positive rates of hypertension,hyperglycemia,dyslipidemia and overweight or obesity were 7.1%,16.8%,48.5% and 28.6%,respectively and increased with age(P<0.01). Conclusion Besides occupational injuries,the health effects of chronic diseases on occupational groups were more common. Prevention and control of occupational diseases and chronic diseases should be performed simultaneously in the occupational population.
引文
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[2]中华医学会糖尿病学分会.中国2型糖尿病防治指南(2013年版)[J].中华糖尿病杂志,2014,6(7):447-498.
[3]中国成人血脂异常防治指南修订联合委员会.中国成人血脂异常防治指南(2016年修订版)[J].中国循环杂志,2016,31(10):937-953.
[4]中华人民共和国卫生部疾病控制司.中国成年人超重和肥胖症预防控制指南[M].北京:人民卫生出版社,2006:1-46.
[5]周浩,李宏玲,毛侃敏,等.广州市部分行业男性工人代谢综合征影响因素分析[J].中国职业医学,2017,44(4):408-413,419.
[6]中华人民共和国国家国家卫生健康委员会.图解中国居民营养与慢性病状况报告(2015年)[R]. 2015.
[7]中华人民共和国国家国家卫生健康委员会.解读《中国防治慢性病中长期规划(2017-2025年)》[R]. 2017.
[8]江朝强,Lam TH,刘薇薇,等.职业有害因素接触或(和)吸烟对死亡的影响———广州165660名职工队列的前瞻性研究[J].中华劳动卫生职业病杂志,2001,19(5):339-343.
[9]张维森,江朝强,Lam Tai Hing,等.接尘、吸烟者死亡危险度比较的前瞻性队列研究[J].中华流行病学杂志,2004,25(9):748-752.
[10]顾东风,Jiang He,吴锡桂,等.中国成年人高血压患病率、知晓率、治疗和控制状况[J].中华预防医学杂志,2003,37(2):84-89.
[11]张维森,江朝强,Lam TH,等.广州厂企职工吸烟情况调查[J].中国工业医学杂志,2001,14(2):108-110.
[12]中华人民共和国国务院办公厅.中国防治慢性病中长期规划(2017—2025年).国办发〔2017〕12号[R]. 2017.
[13]中华人民共和国国家统计局.中华人民共和国2017年国民经济和社会发展统计公报[R]. 2018.