超声波辅助钎焊铜与石墨的组织及性能
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摘要
采用四元合金Ag30Cu25Zn4Ti作为活性钎料,在大气中利用超声波辅助钎焊技术对铜和石墨进行了钎焊.通过改变超声波作用时间和方式,研究了不同超声波作用时间下钎料氧化膜破碎的效果,及其与TiC反应层形貌之间的关系.采用扫描电子显微镜对钎焊接头的微观组织进行了观察,最后对钎焊的接头进行了力学性能分析.结果表明:随着超声波作用时间的延长,液态钎料中的氧化膜逐渐减少,最终完全消除;与此同时,TiC反应层的厚度也在逐渐增加,最终趋于稳定.钎焊接头的组织由铜侧到石墨侧依次主要为Cu/Cu-Zn金属间化合物,Ag基固溶体和Cu基固溶体/TiC/石墨,钎焊接头的剪切强度最大值为18 MPa,界面的结合主要是超声波作用下活性元素Ti在石墨侧的偏聚形成TiC反应层而形成的.
Taking tetradic alloy Ag30Cu25Zn4Ti as active filler metal,the brazing of copper with graphite was carried out by using ultrasonic assisted brazing technology in atmosphere.By changing the ultrasonic action time,the relationship of the crushing effect of solder oxidation film and the morphology of TiC reaction layer to the ultrasonic action time is investigated and the scanning electron microscopy is used to analyze the microstructure of brazing joint.Then,the mechanical properties of brazing joint are analyzed.The result showed that with the prolonging of the ultrasonic action time,the oxidation film in the liquid solder will decrease gradually until complete elimination.At the same time,the thickness of the TiC reaction layer will gradually increase,and finally tends to be stable.The microstructure of the brazing joint will be composed,from copper side to graphite side,mainly of ordered Cu,Cu-Zn intermetallic compound,Agbased solid solution,Cu-based solid solution,TiC and graphite.The maximum shear strength of brazing joint can amount to 18 MPa.The combination of high strength interface will mainly be formed by the formation of TiC reaction layer due to the off-segregation of active element Ti on the graphite side.
Taking tetradic alloy Ag30Cu25Zn4Ti as active filler metal,the brazing of copper with graphite was carried out by using ultrasonic assisted brazing technology in atmosphere.By changing the ultrasonic action time,the relationship of the crushing effect of solder oxidation film and the morphology of TiC reaction layer to the ultrasonic action time is investigated and the scanning electron microscopy is used to analyze the microstructure of brazing joint.Then,the mechanical properties of brazing joint are analyzed.The result showed that with the prolonging of the ultrasonic action time,the oxidation film in the liquid solder will decrease gradually until complete elimination.At the same time,the thickness of the TiC reaction layer will gradually increase,and finally tends to be stable.The microstructure of the brazing joint will be composed,from copper side to graphite side,mainly of ordered Cu,Cu-Zn intermetallic compound,Agbased solid solution,Cu-based solid solution,TiC and graphite.The maximum shear strength of brazing joint can amount to 18 MPa.The combination of high strength interface will mainly be formed by the formation of TiC reaction layer due to the off-segregation of active element Ti on the graphite side.
引文
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[2]谢凤春,何鹏,冯吉才,等.钛基非晶态钎料钎焊高强石墨与铜的界面特征[J].焊接学报,2008,29(3):73-76.
[3]KOYAMA M,HATTA H,FUKUDA H.Effect of temperature and layer thickness on these strengths of carbon bonding for carbon/carbon composites[J].Carbon,2005,43(1):171-177.
[4]刘钢,邢湘利,陆嘉,等.ZrO2陶瓷与钛合金非晶钎焊[J].机械工程学报,2013,49(22):121-127.
[5]XU Zhiwu,YAN Jiuchun,WU Gaohui,et al.Interface structure and strength of ultrasonic vibration liquid phase bonded joints of Al2O3p/6061Al composites[J].Scripta Materialia,2005,53(7):835-839.
[6]张洋,宋博瀚,闫久春.超声波振动下SiC陶瓷颗粒与Zn-Al液态合金的相互作用机制[J].材料工程,2016,44(2):28-34.
[7]王谦,冷雪松,闫久春,等.铝/铁复合板与铝合金超声波辅助钎焊[J].焊接学报,2013,34(10):47-50.
[8]张汇文,崔炜,闫久春.超声波辅助钎焊铜/铝异种金属接头界面组织性能及强化机制[J].焊接学报,2015,36(1):101-104.
[9]王哲,李新和,刘舜尧,等.超声振动对材料流变行为的影响机制[J].塑性工程学报,2012,19(2):38-42.
[10]FRENKEL V,GURKA R,LIBERZON A,et al.Preliminary investigations of ultrasound induced acoustic streaming using particle image velocimetry[J].Ultrasound,2001,39(3):153-156.
[11]FANG Hongyuan,FENG Jicai.Interfacial behavior of material brazing[M].Harbin:Harbin Institute of Technology Press,2005.
[12]朱艳,王永东,赵霞.石墨与铜真空钎焊接头的组织与强度[J].焊接学报,2011,32(6):81-84.