红蹼树蛙繁殖期鸣声特征及鸣叫节律
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摘要
鸣叫是无尾两栖类声音通讯的重要环节之一。许多蛙类的鸣叫行为具有节律性,且受温度和湿度的影响。为研究红蹼树蛙(Rhacophorus rhodopus)的鸣声特征和鸣叫节律,2016年5—6月,采用录音机和指向性话筒,在野外录制了61只雄性红蹼树蛙的鸣声,并通过悬挂录音笔和自动温湿度记录仪研究其鸣叫节律(22 d)。结果发现:红蹼树蛙的鸣声分为单音节和多音节(音节数2~20;平均6.27±2.94)2种类型。与多音节鸣声的主频(2213.32±106.95 Hz)、音节时长(14.83±1.27 ms)和音节间隔(60.66±8.56 ms)相比,单音节鸣声的主频(2289.87±120.14 Hz)、音节时长(16.93±1.68 ms)和音节间隔(610.99±178.48ms)显著升高(P<0.05),而2种鸣声的基频(单音节鸣声:212.51±21.63 Hz;多音节鸣声:225.39±26.80 Hz)无显著差异(P>0.05)。红蹼树蛙每晚19:00至次日03:00具有鸣叫行为,22:00为高峰期。结果表明:红蹼树蛙主要通过改变鸣声的主频、音节时长、音节间隔以及音节数提高声音通讯效率。红蹼树蛙的鸣叫行为具有昼夜节律,且在一定程度上受温度和湿度的影响。
Acoustic communication is one of the most important means of communication in anurans. The call behavior of many male frogs has a circadian rhythm that is affected by temperature and relative humidity. In this study,the calls of 61 males of Rhacophorus rhodopus were collected from May to June 2016. We investigated the call structure and circadian variations of calling patterns and their relationship with air temperature and relative humidity over 22 days. The results showed that R. rhodopus had two basic call types: monosyllabic and multisyllabic calls( note number 2-20,with an average of 6.27±2.94). There were no fundamental frequency differences between monosyllabic calls( 212. 51 ± 21. 63 Hz) and multisyllabic calls( 225. 39 ± 26. 80 Hz).The note duration,dominant frequency,and internote interval of monosyllabic calls( 16.93±1.68 ms,2289.87±120.14 Hz,610.99±178.48 ms,respectively) were greater than those of multisyllabic calls( 14.83±1.27 ms,2213.32±106.95 Hz,60.66±8.56 ms,respectively). Male R. rhodopus called from 19: 00 to 03: 00 every night,with a peak at about 22: 00. The results showed that R. rhodopus communicated more efficiently by changing the dominant frequency,note number and internote interval. The calling behavior of R. rhodopus was affected by air temperature and relative humidity to a certain extent.
Acoustic communication is one of the most important means of communication in anurans. The call behavior of many male frogs has a circadian rhythm that is affected by temperature and relative humidity. In this study,the calls of 61 males of Rhacophorus rhodopus were collected from May to June 2016. We investigated the call structure and circadian variations of calling patterns and their relationship with air temperature and relative humidity over 22 days. The results showed that R. rhodopus had two basic call types: monosyllabic and multisyllabic calls( note number 2-20,with an average of 6.27±2.94). There were no fundamental frequency differences between monosyllabic calls( 212. 51 ± 21. 63 Hz) and multisyllabic calls( 225. 39 ± 26. 80 Hz).The note duration,dominant frequency,and internote interval of monosyllabic calls( 16.93±1.68 ms,2289.87±120.14 Hz,610.99±178.48 ms,respectively) were greater than those of multisyllabic calls( 14.83±1.27 ms,2213.32±106.95 Hz,60.66±8.56 ms,respectively). Male R. rhodopus called from 19: 00 to 03: 00 every night,with a peak at about 22: 00. The results showed that R. rhodopus communicated more efficiently by changing the dominant frequency,note number and internote interval. The calling behavior of R. rhodopus was affected by air temperature and relative humidity to a certain extent.
引文
陈平,郑荣泉,黄华,等.2012.棘胸蛙求偶鸣声与温度有关但与体大小无关.四川动物,31(4):513-517.
费梁,叶昌媛,江建平.2012.中国两栖动物及其分布彩色图鉴.成都:四川科学技术出版社.
汪继超,王同亮,王培培,等.2016.圆蟾舌蛙鸣声特征分析.动物学杂志,51(2):214-220.
徐俊晓,谢锋,江建平,等.2005.我国12种无尾类的鸣叫特征参数.动物学杂志,40(3):12-19.
赵帅.2012.东北雨蛙(Hyla ussuriensis)繁殖期鸣声特征及影响因素研究(硕士学位论文).哈尔滨:哈尔滨师范大学.
Bee MA,Perrill SA,Owen PC.1999.Size assessment in simulated territorial encounters between male green frogs(Rana clamitans).Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology,45:177-184.
Bernal XE,Akre KL,Baugh AT,et al.2009.Female and male behavioral response to advertisement calls of graded complexity in túngara frogs,Physalaemus pustulosus.Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology,63:1269-1279.
Bordoloi S,Bortamuli T,Ohler A.2007.Systematics of the genus Rhacophorus(Amphibia,Anura):Identity of redwebbed forms and description of a new species from Assam.Zootaxa,1653:1-20.
Bridges AS,Dorcas ME.2000.Temporal variation in anuran calling behavior:Implications for surveys and monitoring programs.Copeia,2000:587-592.
Caldart VM,Iop S,Lingnau R,et al.2016.Calling activity of a stream-breeding frog from the Austral Neotropics:Temporal patterns of activity and the role of environmental factors.Herpetologica,72:90-97.
Catchpole CK,Slater PJB.1995.Bird Song.Cambridge,UK:Cambridge University Press.
Cui JG,Song XY,Fang GZ,et al.2011.Circadian rhythm of calling behavior in emei music frog(Babina daunchina)is associated with habitat temperature and relative humidity.Asian Herpetological Research,2:149-154.
Davies NB,Halliday TR.1978.Deep croaks and fighting assessment in toads Bufo bufo.Nature,274:683-685.
Drewry GE,Rand AS.1983.Characteristics of an acoustic community:Puerto Rican frogs of the genus Eleutherodactylus.Copeia,1983:941-953.
Gottsberger B and Gruber E.2004.Temporal partitioning of reproductive activity in a Neotropical anuran community.Journal of Tropical Ecology,20:271-280.
Gridi-Papp M,Rand AS,Ryan MJ.2006.Animal communication:Complex call production in the túngara frog.Nature,441:38-38.
Hatano FH,Rocha CFD,Van Sluys M.2002.Environmental factors affecting calling activity of a tropical diurnal frog(Hylodes phyllodes:Leptodactylidae).Journal of Herpetology,36:314-318.
Hauser MD.1996.The Evolution of Communication.Cambridge,MA:MIT Press.
Howard RD,Young JR.1998.Individual variation in male vocal traits and female mating preferences in Bufo americanus.Animal Behavior,55:1165-1179.
Jiang JP,Xie F,Fei L,et al.2002.Mating calls of six forms of Pelobatid in Wa Wu Mountain in National Forest Park,Sichuan,China(Anura:Pelobatidae).Zoological Research,23:89-94.
Marquez R.1995.Female choice in the midwife toads(Alytes obstetricans and A.cisternasii).Behaviour,132:151-161.
Marquez R,Bosch J.1997.Male advertisement call and female preference in sympatric and allopatric midwife toads.Animal Behavior,54:1333-1345.
Navas CA.1996.The effect of temperature on the vocal activity of tropical anurans:A comparison of high and low-elevation species.Journal of Herpetology,30:488-497.
Oishi T,Nagai K,Harada K,et al.2004.Circadian rhythms in amphibians and reptiles:Ecological implications.Biological Rhythm Research,35:105-120.
Pr9hl H.2003.Variation in male calling behaviour and relation to male mating success in the strawberry poison frog(Dendrobates pumilio).Ethology,109:273-290.
Ryan MJ,Keddy-Hector A.1992.Directional patterns of female mate choice and the role of sensory biases.American Naturalist,139:S4-S35.
Ryan MJ.2001.Anuran Communication.Washington:Smithsonian Institution Press.
Sallivan BK.1992.Calling behavior of the southwestern toad(Bufo microscaphus).Herpetologica,48:383-389
Shen JX,Xu ZM,Albert S,et al.2011.Large odorous frogs(Osorrana graminea)produce ultrasonic calls.Journal of Comparative Physiology A,197:1027-1030.
Van Sluys M,Marra RV,Boquimpani-Freitas L,et al.2012.Environmental factors affecting calling behavior of sympatric frog species at an Atlantic Rain Forest area,Southeastern Brazil.Journal of Herpetology,46:41-46.
Wagner WE Jr.1989.Graded aggressive signals in Blanchard’s cricket frog:Vocal responses to opponent proximity and size.Animal Behavior,38:1025-1038.
Wang JC,Cui JG,Shi HT,et al.2012.Effects of body size and environmental factors on the acoustic structure and temporal rhythm of calls in Rhacophorus dennysi.Asian Herpetological Research,3:205-212.
Wei L,Lin ZH,Ma XM,et al.2011.Acoustic characteristics of the tiger frog,Hoplobatrachus rugulosus,during the breeding season.Zoological Research,32:456-460.
Wells KD.1977.The social behavior of anuran amphibians.Animal Behaviour,25:666-693.
Wells KD.2007.The Ecology and Behavior of Amphibians.Chicago:University of Chicago Press.
Yu ZL,Qiu Q,Xu ZM,et al.2006.Auditory response characteristic of the piebald odorous frog and their implications.Journal of Comparative Physiology A,192:801-806.
Zhu BC,Wang JC,Brauth SE,et al.2016.The spectral structure of vocalizations match hearing sensitivity but imprecisely in Philautus odontotarsus.Bioacoustics,2016:1-14.
费梁,叶昌媛,江建平.2012.中国两栖动物及其分布彩色图鉴.成都:四川科学技术出版社.
汪继超,王同亮,王培培,等.2016.圆蟾舌蛙鸣声特征分析.动物学杂志,51(2):214-220.
徐俊晓,谢锋,江建平,等.2005.我国12种无尾类的鸣叫特征参数.动物学杂志,40(3):12-19.
赵帅.2012.东北雨蛙(Hyla ussuriensis)繁殖期鸣声特征及影响因素研究(硕士学位论文).哈尔滨:哈尔滨师范大学.
Bee MA,Perrill SA,Owen PC.1999.Size assessment in simulated territorial encounters between male green frogs(Rana clamitans).Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology,45:177-184.
Bernal XE,Akre KL,Baugh AT,et al.2009.Female and male behavioral response to advertisement calls of graded complexity in túngara frogs,Physalaemus pustulosus.Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology,63:1269-1279.
Bordoloi S,Bortamuli T,Ohler A.2007.Systematics of the genus Rhacophorus(Amphibia,Anura):Identity of redwebbed forms and description of a new species from Assam.Zootaxa,1653:1-20.
Bridges AS,Dorcas ME.2000.Temporal variation in anuran calling behavior:Implications for surveys and monitoring programs.Copeia,2000:587-592.
Caldart VM,Iop S,Lingnau R,et al.2016.Calling activity of a stream-breeding frog from the Austral Neotropics:Temporal patterns of activity and the role of environmental factors.Herpetologica,72:90-97.
Catchpole CK,Slater PJB.1995.Bird Song.Cambridge,UK:Cambridge University Press.
Cui JG,Song XY,Fang GZ,et al.2011.Circadian rhythm of calling behavior in emei music frog(Babina daunchina)is associated with habitat temperature and relative humidity.Asian Herpetological Research,2:149-154.
Davies NB,Halliday TR.1978.Deep croaks and fighting assessment in toads Bufo bufo.Nature,274:683-685.
Drewry GE,Rand AS.1983.Characteristics of an acoustic community:Puerto Rican frogs of the genus Eleutherodactylus.Copeia,1983:941-953.
Gottsberger B and Gruber E.2004.Temporal partitioning of reproductive activity in a Neotropical anuran community.Journal of Tropical Ecology,20:271-280.
Gridi-Papp M,Rand AS,Ryan MJ.2006.Animal communication:Complex call production in the túngara frog.Nature,441:38-38.
Hatano FH,Rocha CFD,Van Sluys M.2002.Environmental factors affecting calling activity of a tropical diurnal frog(Hylodes phyllodes:Leptodactylidae).Journal of Herpetology,36:314-318.
Hauser MD.1996.The Evolution of Communication.Cambridge,MA:MIT Press.
Howard RD,Young JR.1998.Individual variation in male vocal traits and female mating preferences in Bufo americanus.Animal Behavior,55:1165-1179.
Jiang JP,Xie F,Fei L,et al.2002.Mating calls of six forms of Pelobatid in Wa Wu Mountain in National Forest Park,Sichuan,China(Anura:Pelobatidae).Zoological Research,23:89-94.
Marquez R.1995.Female choice in the midwife toads(Alytes obstetricans and A.cisternasii).Behaviour,132:151-161.
Marquez R,Bosch J.1997.Male advertisement call and female preference in sympatric and allopatric midwife toads.Animal Behavior,54:1333-1345.
Navas CA.1996.The effect of temperature on the vocal activity of tropical anurans:A comparison of high and low-elevation species.Journal of Herpetology,30:488-497.
Oishi T,Nagai K,Harada K,et al.2004.Circadian rhythms in amphibians and reptiles:Ecological implications.Biological Rhythm Research,35:105-120.
Pr9hl H.2003.Variation in male calling behaviour and relation to male mating success in the strawberry poison frog(Dendrobates pumilio).Ethology,109:273-290.
Ryan MJ,Keddy-Hector A.1992.Directional patterns of female mate choice and the role of sensory biases.American Naturalist,139:S4-S35.
Ryan MJ.2001.Anuran Communication.Washington:Smithsonian Institution Press.
Sallivan BK.1992.Calling behavior of the southwestern toad(Bufo microscaphus).Herpetologica,48:383-389
Shen JX,Xu ZM,Albert S,et al.2011.Large odorous frogs(Osorrana graminea)produce ultrasonic calls.Journal of Comparative Physiology A,197:1027-1030.
Van Sluys M,Marra RV,Boquimpani-Freitas L,et al.2012.Environmental factors affecting calling behavior of sympatric frog species at an Atlantic Rain Forest area,Southeastern Brazil.Journal of Herpetology,46:41-46.
Wagner WE Jr.1989.Graded aggressive signals in Blanchard’s cricket frog:Vocal responses to opponent proximity and size.Animal Behavior,38:1025-1038.
Wang JC,Cui JG,Shi HT,et al.2012.Effects of body size and environmental factors on the acoustic structure and temporal rhythm of calls in Rhacophorus dennysi.Asian Herpetological Research,3:205-212.
Wei L,Lin ZH,Ma XM,et al.2011.Acoustic characteristics of the tiger frog,Hoplobatrachus rugulosus,during the breeding season.Zoological Research,32:456-460.
Wells KD.1977.The social behavior of anuran amphibians.Animal Behaviour,25:666-693.
Wells KD.2007.The Ecology and Behavior of Amphibians.Chicago:University of Chicago Press.
Yu ZL,Qiu Q,Xu ZM,et al.2006.Auditory response characteristic of the piebald odorous frog and their implications.Journal of Comparative Physiology A,192:801-806.
Zhu BC,Wang JC,Brauth SE,et al.2016.The spectral structure of vocalizations match hearing sensitivity but imprecisely in Philautus odontotarsus.Bioacoustics,2016:1-14.