基于~(15)N示踪的库尔勒香梨园土壤无机氮残留分布特征
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摘要
为给香梨园氮肥的应用提供参考,以6年生库尔勒香梨园土壤为对象,采用~(15)N同位素示踪技术,研究果实成熟期香梨园土壤剖面(0～120 cm)残留无机氮(N-NO_3~-和N-NH_4~+)的分布特征。结果表明,库尔勒香梨果实成熟期0～120 cm各土层硝态氮含量为8.94～11.96 mg/kg,铵态氮含量为6.92～9.88 mg/kg,无机氮积累量为45.06～54.16 kg/hm~2,土壤剖面各土层中土壤无机氮残留总量随着土层深度的增加逐渐下降。0～60 cm土层深度各土层的~(15)N-NO_3~-或~(15)N-NH_4~+残留量占~(15)N残留总量的比例显著高于60～120 cm各土层(P <0.05),表明~(15)N-NO_3~-和~(15)N-NH_4~+主要富集于果园土壤上部(0～60 cm)。~(15)N肥料残留的~(15)N-NO_3~-和~(15)N-NH_4~+在0～60 cm土层最多,分别为2.21、1.57 g,占~(15)N-NO_3~-残留总量的63.14%和~(15)N-NH_4~+残留总量的69.17%。在库尔勒香梨园土壤中,~(15)N肥料无机氮残留率高达20.67%,主要以硝态氮形式存在于土壤中,残留率为12.54%,以铵态氮形式被土壤固持的残留率为8.13%。
In order to provide some references for N fertilizer application in Korla Fragrant Pear orchard, a 6-year Korla Fragrant Pear orchard was selected as study object, distribution characteristics of inorganic nitrogen(N-NO_3~-and N-NH_4~+) residues in soil profile(0-120 cm) were researched at fruit maturity stage by using the ~(15)N isotope tracing technique.The results showed that nitrate nitrogen content in each soil layer of 0-120 cm soil profile ranged from 8.94 mg/kg to 11.96 mg/kg at fruit maturity stage of Korla Fragrant Pear, and ammonium nitrogen content ranged from 6.92 mg/kg to 9.88 mg/kg, and inorganic nitrogen accumulation ranged from 45.06 kg/hm~2 to 54.16 kg/hm~2. Total amount of soil inorganic nitrogen in each soil layer was decreased gradually with soil depth increasing. Percentage of ~(15)N-NO_3~-or ~(15)N-NH_4~+ residues in each soil layer accounting for total amount of ~(15)N residual in 0-60 cm soil depth were significantly higher than those in 60-120 cm soil depth(P < 0.05). It indicated that ~(15)N-NO_3~-and ~(15)N-NH_4~+ were mainly concentrated in upper part of orchard soil(0-60 cm). ~(15)N-NO_3~-and ~(15)N-NH_4~+ were the highest residual amount(2.21 and 1.57 g) in 0-60 cm soil layer, which were63.14% and 69.17% accounting for ~(15)N-NO_3~-residues and ~(15)N-NH_4~+ residues, respectively. Inorganic nitrogen residual rate of ~(15)N fertilizer was as high as 20.67% in soil of Korla Fragrant Pear orchard, which mainly existed in the form of nitrate nitrogen, and its residual rate was 12.54%. The other part was ammonium nitrogen, and its residual rate was 8.13%.
In order to provide some references for N fertilizer application in Korla Fragrant Pear orchard, a 6-year Korla Fragrant Pear orchard was selected as study object, distribution characteristics of inorganic nitrogen(N-NO_3~-and N-NH_4~+) residues in soil profile(0-120 cm) were researched at fruit maturity stage by using the ~(15)N isotope tracing technique.The results showed that nitrate nitrogen content in each soil layer of 0-120 cm soil profile ranged from 8.94 mg/kg to 11.96 mg/kg at fruit maturity stage of Korla Fragrant Pear, and ammonium nitrogen content ranged from 6.92 mg/kg to 9.88 mg/kg, and inorganic nitrogen accumulation ranged from 45.06 kg/hm~2 to 54.16 kg/hm~2. Total amount of soil inorganic nitrogen in each soil layer was decreased gradually with soil depth increasing. Percentage of ~(15)N-NO_3~-or ~(15)N-NH_4~+ residues in each soil layer accounting for total amount of ~(15)N residual in 0-60 cm soil depth were significantly higher than those in 60-120 cm soil depth(P < 0.05). It indicated that ~(15)N-NO_3~-and ~(15)N-NH_4~+ were mainly concentrated in upper part of orchard soil(0-60 cm). ~(15)N-NO_3~-and ~(15)N-NH_4~+ were the highest residual amount(2.21 and 1.57 g) in 0-60 cm soil layer, which were63.14% and 69.17% accounting for ~(15)N-NO_3~-residues and ~(15)N-NH_4~+ residues, respectively. Inorganic nitrogen residual rate of ~(15)N fertilizer was as high as 20.67% in soil of Korla Fragrant Pear orchard, which mainly existed in the form of nitrate nitrogen, and its residual rate was 12.54%. The other part was ammonium nitrogen, and its residual rate was 8.13%.
引文
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[11]张君,赵沛义,潘志华,等.基于产量及环境友好的玉米氮肥投入阈值确定[J].农业工程学报,2016,32(12):136-143.
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[15]杨婷婷,王雪梅,陈波浪,等.施氮对库尔勒香梨树体氮素吸收和积累的影响[J].中国土壤与肥料,2016(4):103-107.
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[19]杨婷婷,王庆惠,陈波浪,等.不同施氮水平对库尔勒香梨园土壤无机氮分布的影响[J].经济林研究,2017,35(4):80-89.
[20]刘秋丽.灌施条件下尿素在土壤中的迁移转化规律研究[D].太原:太原理工大学,2012.
[21]李楠.‘库尔勒香梨’生长发育动态及施肥技术研究[D].乌鲁木齐:新疆农业大学,2013.
[22]韦剑锋,宋书会,梁振华,等.供氮方式对冬马铃薯氮肥利用效率及氮素去向的影响[J].核农学报,2016,30(1):178-183.
[23]CHEN X M,WU H S,SUN J H.Time-spatial variability of ammonium and nitrate in farmland soil of Taihu Lake region[J].Environmental Science,2006,27(6):1217-1222.
[24]王芬,田歌,彭玲,等.富士苹果营养转换期肥料氮去向和土壤氮库盈亏研究[J].水土保持学报,2017,31(4):254-258.
[25]赵林,姜远茂,彭福田,等.嘎拉苹果对春施15N-尿素的吸收、利用与分配特性[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2009,15(6):1439-1443.
[26]曹兵,金雪霞,蔡贵信,等.低量施氮对小青菜生长和氮素损失的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2005,11(4):519-523.
[27]王西娜,王朝辉,李华,等.旱地土壤中残留肥料氮的动向及作物有效性[J].土壤学报,2016,53(5):1202-1212.
[2]ZHU Z L,CHEN D L.Nitrogen fertilizer use in China:contributions to food production,impacts on the environment and best management strategies[J].Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems,2002,63(2/3):117-127.
[3]巨晓棠.氮肥有效率的概念及意义:兼论对传统氮肥利用率的理解误区[J].土壤学报,2014,51(5):921-933.
[4]赵佐平,闫莎,刘芬,等.陕西果园主要分布区氮素投入特点及氮负荷风险分析[J].生态学报,2014,34(19):5642-5649.
[5]程勇,吴际友,刘球,等.氮磷钾施肥配比对青冈栎幼苗生长的影响[J].中南林业科技大学学报,2018,38(6):71-74.
[6]王新新,左继林,喻苏琴,等.覆盖对盛果期油茶树体氮素养分分配的影响[J].中南林业科技大学学报,2018,38(9):34-40,49.
[7]王芬,田歌,于波,等.富士苹果果实膨大期肥料氮去向及土壤氮素平衡的研究[J].园艺学报,2017,44(8):1569-1578.
[8]葛顺峰,姜远茂,魏绍冲,等.不同供氮水平下幼龄苹果园氮素去向初探[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2011,17(4):949-955.
[9]丁阔,陈波浪,柴仲平,等.塔里木盆地东北部香梨园土壤无机氮分布特征[J].西部林业科学,2017,46(3):130-135.
[10]夏梦洁,陈竹君,刘占军,等.黄土高原旱地夏季休闲期15N标记硝态氮的去向[J].土壤学报,2017,54(5):1230-1239.
[11]张君,赵沛义,潘志华,等.基于产量及环境友好的玉米氮肥投入阈值确定[J].农业工程学报,2016,32(12):136-143.
[12]DABA N A.Influence of nitrogen fertilizer application on grain yield,nitrogen uptake efficiency,and nitrogen use efficiency of bread wheat(Triticum aestivum L)cultivars in eastern Ethiopia[J].Journal of Agricultural Science,2017,9(7):202.
[13]LEI L X,BAO H X,JIN C L,et al.Stimulation of longterm ammonium nitrogen deposition on methanogenesis by Methanocellaceae in a coastal wetland[J].Science of the Total Environment,2017,595:337-343.
[14]张旭升.库尔勒香梨种植户施肥用药行为与认知研究[D].阿拉尔:塔里木大学,2017.
[15]杨婷婷,王雪梅,陈波浪,等.施氮对库尔勒香梨树体氮素吸收和积累的影响[J].中国土壤与肥料,2016(4):103-107.
[16]姜远茂,彭福田,张宏彦,等.山东省苹果园土壤有机质及养分状况研究[J].土壤通报,2001,32(4):167-169.
[17]刘小勇,董铁,张坤,等.甘肃陇东旱塬不同树龄苹果园矿质氮的分布和积累特征[J].应用生态学报,2010,21(3):796-800.
[18]FAN P,JUN L I,ZHANG L N,et al.Soil nitrogen contents and deep profile distributions in apple orchards of the Loess Plateau[J].Plant Nutrition&Fertilizer Science,2013,19(2):420-429.
[19]杨婷婷,王庆惠,陈波浪,等.不同施氮水平对库尔勒香梨园土壤无机氮分布的影响[J].经济林研究,2017,35(4):80-89.
[20]刘秋丽.灌施条件下尿素在土壤中的迁移转化规律研究[D].太原:太原理工大学,2012.
[21]李楠.‘库尔勒香梨’生长发育动态及施肥技术研究[D].乌鲁木齐:新疆农业大学,2013.
[22]韦剑锋,宋书会,梁振华,等.供氮方式对冬马铃薯氮肥利用效率及氮素去向的影响[J].核农学报,2016,30(1):178-183.
[23]CHEN X M,WU H S,SUN J H.Time-spatial variability of ammonium and nitrate in farmland soil of Taihu Lake region[J].Environmental Science,2006,27(6):1217-1222.
[24]王芬,田歌,彭玲,等.富士苹果营养转换期肥料氮去向和土壤氮库盈亏研究[J].水土保持学报,2017,31(4):254-258.
[25]赵林,姜远茂,彭福田,等.嘎拉苹果对春施15N-尿素的吸收、利用与分配特性[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2009,15(6):1439-1443.
[26]曹兵,金雪霞,蔡贵信,等.低量施氮对小青菜生长和氮素损失的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2005,11(4):519-523.
[27]王西娜,王朝辉,李华,等.旱地土壤中残留肥料氮的动向及作物有效性[J].土壤学报,2016,53(5):1202-1212.