不同锥栗优系亲本特性及杂交子代生长效应
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摘要
为了研究不同锥栗优系亲本的开花、结实特性及其杂交子代幼苗的生长特性,从而给湖南锥栗资源的开发利用与杂交育种提供科学依据,以湖南4个锥栗优系为试材,对其亲本的花期物候、花序特征、结实特性及其杂交子代幼苗的生长特性进行了试验研究。试验结果表明:1)4个锥栗优系的雌雄花期均可相遇,其可相互用作授粉树。2)4个优系中,结果母枝上雌花数量最大的为‘LYXJ-6’(19.33个),‘HCHJA-1’的次之(16.40个);4个优系其结果枝上的雄花序与雌花的比值(1.73～3.26)均较小。3)4个优系中,自然状态下,单果质量最大的是‘HJSY-1’(10.31 g),单果质量最小的是‘LYXJ-6’(8.32 g);不同授粉组合的坐果率存在一定的差异,其坐果率排名前三的授粉组合分别是‘ZFPL-2’בLYXJ-6’和‘HJSY-1’בHCHJA-1’与‘LYXJ-6’בZFPL-2’;不同父本授粉对母本的刺苞和坚果的性状均有一定的影响,其中授粉组合‘LYXJ-6’בHCHJA-1’和‘ZFPL-2’בLYXJ-6’的单果质量均大于自然授粉条件下的单果质量。4)‘ZFPL-2’בLYXJ-6’和‘HJSY-1’בHCHJA-1’的杂交子代幼苗在苗高与地径上均表现出明显的优势,而‘LYXJ-6’בHJSY-1’和‘LYXJ-6’בZFPL-2’与‘ZFPL-2’בLYXJ-6’的子代幼苗在光合能力上更具潜力。根据不同授粉组合的杂交苗的坐果率及果实性状得出,‘ZFPL-2’בLYXJ-6’和‘LYXJ-6’בZFPL-2’子代幼苗的坐果率高、单果质量大;根据杂交子代幼苗的生长特性得出,‘ZFPL-2’בLYXJ-6’子代幼苗的生长状况更具优势。综合分析认为,‘ZFPL-2’בLYXJ-6’不仅为最佳授粉组合,而且其杂交子代幼苗具有明显的生长优势。
In order to study flowering and fruiting characteristics of parents from different superior Castanea henryi clones and growth characteristics of their hybrid seedlings, and to provide some scientific bases forexploitation, utilization and cross breeding of C. henryi resources in Hunan Province, flowering phenology, inflorescence characteristics,fruiting characteristics and growth characteristics of their hybrid seedlings were studied with four superior C. henryi clones in Hunan Province as test materials. The results showed that: 1) Florescence of male and female of four superior C. henryi clones could overlap, and they could be used as pollination trees for each other. 2) Among the four superior clones, ‘LYXJ-6' had the largest number of female flowers(19.33), followed by ‘HCHJA-1'(16.40), and ratio of male inflorescence to female flowers in fruiting branches of the four superior clones was smaller(1.73-3.26). 3) Among the four superior clones, ‘HJSY-1' had the highest single nut mass(10.31 g) in natural conditions, and ‘LYXJ-6' had the lowest single nut mass(8.32 g). Nut setting rates has some differences among different pollination combinations, and the top three pollination combinations were ‘ZFPL-2'בLYXJ-6', ‘HJSY-1'בHCHJA-1' and ‘LYXJ-6'בZFPL-2',respectively. Male parents had some effects on characteristics of spiny bracts and nuts in female parents. Single nut masses of ‘LYXJ-6'בHCHJA-1' and ‘ZFPL-2'בLYXJ-6' pollination combinations were higher than that in natural pollination conditions. 4) Seedling height and ground diameter of hybrid seedlings of ‘ZFPL-2'בLYXJ-6' and ‘HJSY-1'בHCHJA-1'showed obvious advantages, while photosynthetic energy of offspring seedlings of ‘LYXJ-6'בHJSY-1',‘LYXJ-6'בZFPL-2' and ‘ZFPL-2'בLYXJ-6' had more potential. According to nut setting rate and nut characteristics of hybrid seedlings of different pollination combinations, offspring seedlings of ‘ZFPL-2'בLYXJ-6' and ‘LYXJ-6'בZFPL-2' had higher nut setting rate and single nut mass. According to growth characteristics of hybrid seedlings,growth status of offspring seedlings of ‘ZFPL-2'בLYXJ-6' had more advantages. The results of comprehensive analysis indicated that ‘ZFPL-2'בLYXJ-6' was not only the best pollination combination, but also their offspring seedlings had obvious growth advantages.
In order to study flowering and fruiting characteristics of parents from different superior Castanea henryi clones and growth characteristics of their hybrid seedlings, and to provide some scientific bases forexploitation, utilization and cross breeding of C. henryi resources in Hunan Province, flowering phenology, inflorescence characteristics,fruiting characteristics and growth characteristics of their hybrid seedlings were studied with four superior C. henryi clones in Hunan Province as test materials. The results showed that: 1) Florescence of male and female of four superior C. henryi clones could overlap, and they could be used as pollination trees for each other. 2) Among the four superior clones, ‘LYXJ-6' had the largest number of female flowers(19.33), followed by ‘HCHJA-1'(16.40), and ratio of male inflorescence to female flowers in fruiting branches of the four superior clones was smaller(1.73-3.26). 3) Among the four superior clones, ‘HJSY-1' had the highest single nut mass(10.31 g) in natural conditions, and ‘LYXJ-6' had the lowest single nut mass(8.32 g). Nut setting rates has some differences among different pollination combinations, and the top three pollination combinations were ‘ZFPL-2'בLYXJ-6', ‘HJSY-1'בHCHJA-1' and ‘LYXJ-6'בZFPL-2',respectively. Male parents had some effects on characteristics of spiny bracts and nuts in female parents. Single nut masses of ‘LYXJ-6'בHCHJA-1' and ‘ZFPL-2'בLYXJ-6' pollination combinations were higher than that in natural pollination conditions. 4) Seedling height and ground diameter of hybrid seedlings of ‘ZFPL-2'בLYXJ-6' and ‘HJSY-1'בHCHJA-1'showed obvious advantages, while photosynthetic energy of offspring seedlings of ‘LYXJ-6'בHJSY-1',‘LYXJ-6'בZFPL-2' and ‘ZFPL-2'בLYXJ-6' had more potential. According to nut setting rate and nut characteristics of hybrid seedlings of different pollination combinations, offspring seedlings of ‘ZFPL-2'בLYXJ-6' and ‘LYXJ-6'בZFPL-2' had higher nut setting rate and single nut mass. According to growth characteristics of hybrid seedlings,growth status of offspring seedlings of ‘ZFPL-2'בLYXJ-6' had more advantages. The results of comprehensive analysis indicated that ‘ZFPL-2'בLYXJ-6' was not only the best pollination combination, but also their offspring seedlings had obvious growth advantages.
引文
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[11]向晖,袁德义,范晓明,等.锥栗种质资源遗传多样性的SRAP分析[J].植物遗传资源学报,2016,17(6):1072-1081.
[12]张树航,李颖,刘庆香,等.板栗杂交新品种‘南垂5号’[J].园艺学报,2016,43(1):195-196.
[13]刁松锋,李芳东,段伟,等.柿杂交F1代叶表型遗传多样性研究[J].中国农业大学学报,2017,22(2):32-44.
[14]赵爽,赵福洞,石鹤飞,等.核桃品种绿岭杂交后代主要性状的遗传分析与优株选择研究[J].植物遗传资源学报, 2015,16(5):1004-1012.
[15]秦仲麒,李先明,涂俊凡,等.梨优良新品种‘金香’[J].园艺学报,2016,43(11):2277-2278.
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[20]董蒙蒙.基于表型性状与分子标记的锥栗主栽农家品种遗传多样性分析[D].福州:福建农林大学,2017.
[21]林萍,王开良,姚小华,等.普通油茶杂交子代幼林经济性状的遗传分析[J].中南林业科技大学学报,2017,37(12):31-38.
[22]董蒙蒙,陈辉,李煜,等.锥栗主栽农家品种遗传多样性的SSR分析[J].经济林研究,2017,35(2):18-23.
[23]唐静.锥栗开花结实特性研究[D].长沙:中南林业科技大学,2014.
[24]夏仁学,马梦亭.罗田板栗主要品种开花结果习性观察[J].湖北林业科技,1990(2):17-21.
[25]徐育海,张力田,张仕辉,等.湖北主要优良板栗品种性状调查及授粉试验初报[J].中国南方果树, 2003(2):51-52.
[26]张旭辉,袁德义,邹锋,等.锥栗花粉直感效应研究[J].园艺学报,2016,43(1):61-70.
[27]黄华宏,陈奋学,童再康,等.矮生杉木光合特性及叶绿素荧光参数研究[J].北京林业大学学报, 2009,31(2):69-73.
[28]范晓明,袁德义,唐静,等.锥栗开花授粉生物学特性[J].林业科学,2014,50(10):42-48.
[29]李中涛,郎丰华.栗芽发育特性的研究[J].园艺学报,1964(1):17-30.
[30]欧阳芬,袁德义,范晓明,等.锥栗花芽雏梢分化进程及其相关营养物质含量的变化[J].果树学报, 2017,34(8):1007-1015.
[31]王海为.锥栗的品种与群落学研究[D].福州:福建农林大学,2003.
[32]夏仁学,徐娟,李国怀,等.板栗的开花结果习性与性别表现[J].武汉植物学研究,1998(2):154-158,196.
[33]朱周俊,袁德义,范晓明,等.植物生长调节剂对锥栗花芽性别分化及结果枝生长的影响[J].中南林业科技大学学报,2016, 36(1):63-66.
[34]乔玉玲,秦光华,宋玉民,等.柳树种质资源创新与杂交利用研究[J].中南林业科技大学学报, 2018,38(8):1-6.
[35]王凤敏,刘兵强,黄志平,等.大豆杂优豆1号及双亲的光合特性分析[J].植物遗传资源学报,2017,18(4):665-669.
[36]李永秀,申双和,李丽,等.土壤水分对冬小麦生育后期叶片气体交换及叶绿素荧光参数的影响[J].生态学杂志,2012,31(1):74-80.
[37]刘红明,王绍华,郑玉龙,等.3种砧木嫁接对柠檬幼树光合特性的影响[J].经济林研究,2018,36(1):29-34.
[2]王晴芳,徐育海,何秀娟.湖北大别山区板栗种质资源调查及利用评价[J].中国南方果树,2011,40(3):44-47.
[3]范晓明,袁德义,段经华,等.锥栗种仁发育期叶片与果实矿质元素含量的变化[J].园艺学报, 2014,41(1):44-52.
[4]郑诚乐,吴少华,佘文琴,等.锥栗果实营养成分分析与品质的模糊评判[J].福建林学院学报, 2003(4):293-296.
[5]杨龙,吴聪连,吴小林,等.锥栗不同授粉方式结实性状及亲本选配初步研究[J].浙江农业科学, 2018,59(3):431-435.
[6]范辉华,张翠英,张任好.闽北锥栗种质资源及其开发利用[J].亚热带植物科学,1999(1):56-60.
[7]龚榜初,陈增华.锥栗农家品种资源调查研究[J].林业科学研究,1997(6):15-21.
[8]吴连海,龚榜初,赖俊声,等.浙南闽北锥栗品种资源调查研究[J].浙江林业科技,2007(1):33-37.
[9]郑诚乐,江由.闽北锥栗品种资源及其利用前景[J].福建农业大学学报,1998(3):36-37,39-40.
[10]龚榜初,刘国彬.锥栗自然居群遗传多样性的ISSR分析[J].植物遗传资源学报,2013,14(4):581-587.
[11]向晖,袁德义,范晓明,等.锥栗种质资源遗传多样性的SRAP分析[J].植物遗传资源学报,2016,17(6):1072-1081.
[12]张树航,李颖,刘庆香,等.板栗杂交新品种‘南垂5号’[J].园艺学报,2016,43(1):195-196.
[13]刁松锋,李芳东,段伟,等.柿杂交F1代叶表型遗传多样性研究[J].中国农业大学学报,2017,22(2):32-44.
[14]赵爽,赵福洞,石鹤飞,等.核桃品种绿岭杂交后代主要性状的遗传分析与优株选择研究[J].植物遗传资源学报, 2015,16(5):1004-1012.
[15]秦仲麒,李先明,涂俊凡,等.梨优良新品种‘金香’[J].园艺学报,2016,43(11):2277-2278.
[16]龚榜初,吴连海,吴士元,等.锥栗优良新品种‘锥栗YLZ25号’[J].园艺学报,2007(1):263.
[17]龚榜初,吴连海,吴士元,等.锥栗优良新品种‘YLZ07号’和‘YLZ24号’[J].园艺学报,2006(6):1407.
[18]郑诚乐,江由.福建锥栗主要品种资源调查初报[J].福建果树,1996(1):32-33.
[19]吴强,赖俊声,胡青素,等.锥栗无性系间杂交种实性状变异分析[J].南方林业科学,2016,44(4):23-24.
[20]董蒙蒙.基于表型性状与分子标记的锥栗主栽农家品种遗传多样性分析[D].福州:福建农林大学,2017.
[21]林萍,王开良,姚小华,等.普通油茶杂交子代幼林经济性状的遗传分析[J].中南林业科技大学学报,2017,37(12):31-38.
[22]董蒙蒙,陈辉,李煜,等.锥栗主栽农家品种遗传多样性的SSR分析[J].经济林研究,2017,35(2):18-23.
[23]唐静.锥栗开花结实特性研究[D].长沙:中南林业科技大学,2014.
[24]夏仁学,马梦亭.罗田板栗主要品种开花结果习性观察[J].湖北林业科技,1990(2):17-21.
[25]徐育海,张力田,张仕辉,等.湖北主要优良板栗品种性状调查及授粉试验初报[J].中国南方果树, 2003(2):51-52.
[26]张旭辉,袁德义,邹锋,等.锥栗花粉直感效应研究[J].园艺学报,2016,43(1):61-70.
[27]黄华宏,陈奋学,童再康,等.矮生杉木光合特性及叶绿素荧光参数研究[J].北京林业大学学报, 2009,31(2):69-73.
[28]范晓明,袁德义,唐静,等.锥栗开花授粉生物学特性[J].林业科学,2014,50(10):42-48.
[29]李中涛,郎丰华.栗芽发育特性的研究[J].园艺学报,1964(1):17-30.
[30]欧阳芬,袁德义,范晓明,等.锥栗花芽雏梢分化进程及其相关营养物质含量的变化[J].果树学报, 2017,34(8):1007-1015.
[31]王海为.锥栗的品种与群落学研究[D].福州:福建农林大学,2003.
[32]夏仁学,徐娟,李国怀,等.板栗的开花结果习性与性别表现[J].武汉植物学研究,1998(2):154-158,196.
[33]朱周俊,袁德义,范晓明,等.植物生长调节剂对锥栗花芽性别分化及结果枝生长的影响[J].中南林业科技大学学报,2016, 36(1):63-66.
[34]乔玉玲,秦光华,宋玉民,等.柳树种质资源创新与杂交利用研究[J].中南林业科技大学学报, 2018,38(8):1-6.
[35]王凤敏,刘兵强,黄志平,等.大豆杂优豆1号及双亲的光合特性分析[J].植物遗传资源学报,2017,18(4):665-669.
[36]李永秀,申双和,李丽,等.土壤水分对冬小麦生育后期叶片气体交换及叶绿素荧光参数的影响[J].生态学杂志,2012,31(1):74-80.
[37]刘红明,王绍华,郑玉龙,等.3种砧木嫁接对柠檬幼树光合特性的影响[J].经济林研究,2018,36(1):29-34.