谐振开关电容变换器中硬开通问题
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摘要
谐振开关电容变换器(RSCC)凭借高功率密度和高效率的性能得以被广泛研究。理想情况下其谐振电流从零开始缓慢增大,使开关器件实现了零电流开通,但由于变换器的寄生参数影响,谐振电流不可避免地会产生电流尖峰或电流阶跃等硬开通问题,增加了RSCC开通损耗,并影响其安全运行。为解决上述问题,在建立数学模型的基础上,分析RSCC硬开通与脉冲调制、寄生参数之间的关系,并提出相应的解决方案。最后,搭建仿真模型和实验平台对上述理论和解决方案进行验证,实验结果表明提出的方案能够有效解决硬开通问题,进而提高了变换器的效率和安全性。
Resonant switched capacitor converter(RSCC) has been extensively studied because of high power density and high efficiency. In ideal status, the resonant current increases slowly from zero current, then the switches achieve the zero-current turning-on. Considering the parasitical parameters, the resonant current may have the hard turning-on problems, such as spiked current or step current, which lead to the turn-on switching loss and unsafe operation of RSCC. To solve these problems, built the mathematical model and analyzed the relationship between RSCC hard turning-on problems control strategies and parasitical parameters. Then the solutions for the hard turning-on was proposed. Finally, the simulation and experimental platform were built, and the results showed that the proposed solutions may solve the problems effectively, then increase the efficiency and safety of RSCC.
Resonant switched capacitor converter(RSCC) has been extensively studied because of high power density and high efficiency. In ideal status, the resonant current increases slowly from zero current, then the switches achieve the zero-current turning-on. Considering the parasitical parameters, the resonant current may have the hard turning-on problems, such as spiked current or step current, which lead to the turn-on switching loss and unsafe operation of RSCC. To solve these problems, built the mathematical model and analyzed the relationship between RSCC hard turning-on problems control strategies and parasitical parameters. Then the solutions for the hard turning-on was proposed. Finally, the simulation and experimental platform were built, and the results showed that the proposed solutions may solve the problems effectively, then increase the efficiency and safety of RSCC.
引文
[1]Wu Bin,Li Shouxiang,Keyue Ma Smedley,et al.Afamily of two-switch boosting switched-capacitor converters[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,2015,30(10):5413-5424.
[2]Singer Z,Emanuel A,Erlicki M S.Power regulation by means of a switched capacitor[J].Proceedings of the Institution of Electrical Engineers,1972,119(2):149-152.
[3]Steigerwald R L.A comparison of half-bridge resonant converter topologies[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,1988,3(2):174-182.
[4]Cheng K W E.New generation of switched capacitor converters[C]//IEEE Power Electronics Specialists Conference,Fukuoka,Japan,1998:1529-1535.
[5]Law K,Cheng K W E,Yeung Y P B.Design and analysis of switched-capacitor-based step-up resonant converters[J].IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I:Regular Papers,2005,52(5):943-948.
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[8]Kenichiro Sano,Hideaki Fujita.Voltage-balancing circuit based on a resonant switched-capacitor converter for multilevel inverters[J].IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications,2008,44(6):1768-1776.
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[12]Wang Miao,Yang Xiaofeng,Wang Lulu,et al.DCauto-transformer traction power supply system for DC railways application[C]//Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Electrical and Information Technologies for Rail Transportation,Wuhan,China,2017:175-184.
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[14]丘东元,张波,郑春芳,等.谐振开关电容变换器新型PWM控制策略[J].中国电机工程学报,2006,26(2):116-120.Qiu Dongyuan,Zhang Bo,Zheng Chunfang,et al.New PWM control method of resonant switched capacitor DC-DC converter[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2006,26(2):116-120.
[15]张天星,周雒维,郭丽萍.谐振开关电容DC-DC变换器单周控制策略[J].微电子学,2008,38(4):502-506.Zhang Tianxing,Zhou Luowei,Guo Liping.Onecycle control method for switched capacitor resonant converter[J].Microelectronics,2008,38(4):502-506.
[16]Kenichiro Sano,Hideaki Fujita.Performance of a high-efficiency switched-capacitor-based resonant converter with phase-shift control[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,2011,26(2):344-354.
[17]何良宗,程琛,陈文芗.谐振型桥式模块化多电平开关电容变换器的新型控制策略研究[J].电工技术学报,2016,31(17):84-93.He Liangzong,Cheng Chen,Chen Wenxiang.The novel control strategy research on resonant bridge modular switched-capacitor converter[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2016,31(17):84-93.
[18]Qiu Dongyuan,Zhang Bo,Zheng Chunfang.Duty ratio control of resonant switched capacitor DC-DCconverter[C]//International Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems,Pattaya,Thailand,2005:1138-1141.
[19]Eli Hamo,Michael Evzelman,Mor Mordechai Peretz.Modeling and analysis of resonant switched-capacitor converters with free-wheeling ZCS[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,2015,30(9):4952-4959.
[20]夏守行,张佐理.一种谐振开关电容变换器的再分析与改进[J].电工技术学报,2013,28(4):126-132.Xia Shouxing,Zhang Zuoli.Analysis and improvement of a resonant switched capacitor converter[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2013,28(4):126-132.
[21]Ye Yuanmao,Cheng K W E,Chen Sizhe.A high step-up PWM DC-DC converter with coupledinductor and resonant switched-capacitor[J].IEEETransactions on Power Electronics,2017,32(10):7739-7749.
[22]张捷频,王淼,杨晓峰,等.基于单谐振支路的多电平均压型DC-DC变换器[J].电工技术学报,201732(2):119-127.Zhang Jiepin,Wang Miao,Yang Xiaofeng,et al.Single resonant cell based multilevel voltage-sharing DC-DC converter[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2017,32(2):119-127.
[23]丘东元,郑春芳,张波.一类零电流谐振开关电容变换器的特性分析[J].电子学报,2005,33(11):1921-1924.Qiu Dongyuan,Zheng Chunfang,Zhang Bo Characteristic analysis of ZCS resonant switched capacitor DC-DC converters[J].Acta Electronica Sinica,2005,33(11):1921-1924.
[24]王世山,崔永生,谢少军.铁氧体环形电感器寄生电容的提取[J].电工技术学报,2009,24(4):22-29.Wang Shishan,Cui Yongsheng,Xie Shaojun,Extraction of parasitic capacitance for toroidal ferrite core inductor[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2009,24(4):22-29.
[25]叶尚斌,张佳佳,韦莉,等.螺线型电感器寄生电容有限元提取简化方法[J].中国电机工程学报,2015,35(12):3102-3109.Ye Shangbin,Zhang Jiajia,Wei Li,et al.Simplified extraction of stray capacitance for spiral inductor using finite element method[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2015,35(12):3102-3109.
[26]陈中阳.电感器中寄生电容的去除方法研究[D].北京:华北电力大学,2012.
[2]Singer Z,Emanuel A,Erlicki M S.Power regulation by means of a switched capacitor[J].Proceedings of the Institution of Electrical Engineers,1972,119(2):149-152.
[3]Steigerwald R L.A comparison of half-bridge resonant converter topologies[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,1988,3(2):174-182.
[4]Cheng K W E.New generation of switched capacitor converters[C]//IEEE Power Electronics Specialists Conference,Fukuoka,Japan,1998:1529-1535.
[5]Law K,Cheng K W E,Yeung Y P B.Design and analysis of switched-capacitor-based step-up resonant converters[J].IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I:Regular Papers,2005,52(5):943-948.
[6]Yeung Y P B,Cheng K W E,Ho S L,et al.Unified analysis of switched-capacitor resonant converters[J].IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics,200451(4):854-873.
[7]李泉,周云山,王建德,等.基于双层准谐振开关电容的锂电池组均衡方法[J].电工技术学报,201732(21):9-15.Li Quan,Zhou Yunshan,Wang Jiande,et al Equalization method of lithium battery pack based on double-tiered quasi-resonant switched capacitor[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2017,32(21):9-15.
[8]Kenichiro Sano,Hideaki Fujita.Voltage-balancing circuit based on a resonant switched-capacitor converter for multilevel inverters[J].IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications,2008,44(6):1768-1776.
[9]Reza Rezai,Mohammad Hasan Ameri,Ali Yazdian Varjani,et al.Overcoming partial shading issue of PV modules by using a resonant switched capacitor converter[C]//Annual Power Electronics,Drives Systems and Technologies Conference,Tehran,Iran,2018:38-43.
[10]Li Shouxiang,Zheng Yifei,Wu Bin,et al.A family of resonant two-switch boosting switched-capacitor converter with ZVS operation and a wide line regulation range[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,2018,33(1):448-459.
[11]Huang Yongshan,Trillion Q Zheng,Yang Xiaofeng,et al.Four-level step-down soft-switching DC-DCconverter for electric locomotives[C]//IEEE International Future Energy Electronics Conference Taipei,China,2015:1-6.
[12]Wang Miao,Yang Xiaofeng,Wang Lulu,et al.DCauto-transformer traction power supply system for DC railways application[C]//Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Electrical and Information Technologies for Rail Transportation,Wuhan,China,2017:175-184.
[13]Wang Miao,Yang Xiaofeng,Wang Lulu,et al.Resonant switched capacitor converter based DCauto-transformer for urban rail transit[C]//IEEEApplied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition,San Antonio,Texds,2018:1-5.
[14]丘东元,张波,郑春芳,等.谐振开关电容变换器新型PWM控制策略[J].中国电机工程学报,2006,26(2):116-120.Qiu Dongyuan,Zhang Bo,Zheng Chunfang,et al.New PWM control method of resonant switched capacitor DC-DC converter[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2006,26(2):116-120.
[15]张天星,周雒维,郭丽萍.谐振开关电容DC-DC变换器单周控制策略[J].微电子学,2008,38(4):502-506.Zhang Tianxing,Zhou Luowei,Guo Liping.Onecycle control method for switched capacitor resonant converter[J].Microelectronics,2008,38(4):502-506.
[16]Kenichiro Sano,Hideaki Fujita.Performance of a high-efficiency switched-capacitor-based resonant converter with phase-shift control[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,2011,26(2):344-354.
[17]何良宗,程琛,陈文芗.谐振型桥式模块化多电平开关电容变换器的新型控制策略研究[J].电工技术学报,2016,31(17):84-93.He Liangzong,Cheng Chen,Chen Wenxiang.The novel control strategy research on resonant bridge modular switched-capacitor converter[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2016,31(17):84-93.
[18]Qiu Dongyuan,Zhang Bo,Zheng Chunfang.Duty ratio control of resonant switched capacitor DC-DCconverter[C]//International Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems,Pattaya,Thailand,2005:1138-1141.
[19]Eli Hamo,Michael Evzelman,Mor Mordechai Peretz.Modeling and analysis of resonant switched-capacitor converters with free-wheeling ZCS[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,2015,30(9):4952-4959.
[20]夏守行,张佐理.一种谐振开关电容变换器的再分析与改进[J].电工技术学报,2013,28(4):126-132.Xia Shouxing,Zhang Zuoli.Analysis and improvement of a resonant switched capacitor converter[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2013,28(4):126-132.
[21]Ye Yuanmao,Cheng K W E,Chen Sizhe.A high step-up PWM DC-DC converter with coupledinductor and resonant switched-capacitor[J].IEEETransactions on Power Electronics,2017,32(10):7739-7749.
[22]张捷频,王淼,杨晓峰,等.基于单谐振支路的多电平均压型DC-DC变换器[J].电工技术学报,201732(2):119-127.Zhang Jiepin,Wang Miao,Yang Xiaofeng,et al.Single resonant cell based multilevel voltage-sharing DC-DC converter[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2017,32(2):119-127.
[23]丘东元,郑春芳,张波.一类零电流谐振开关电容变换器的特性分析[J].电子学报,2005,33(11):1921-1924.Qiu Dongyuan,Zheng Chunfang,Zhang Bo Characteristic analysis of ZCS resonant switched capacitor DC-DC converters[J].Acta Electronica Sinica,2005,33(11):1921-1924.
[24]王世山,崔永生,谢少军.铁氧体环形电感器寄生电容的提取[J].电工技术学报,2009,24(4):22-29.Wang Shishan,Cui Yongsheng,Xie Shaojun,Extraction of parasitic capacitance for toroidal ferrite core inductor[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2009,24(4):22-29.
[25]叶尚斌,张佳佳,韦莉,等.螺线型电感器寄生电容有限元提取简化方法[J].中国电机工程学报,2015,35(12):3102-3109.Ye Shangbin,Zhang Jiajia,Wei Li,et al.Simplified extraction of stray capacitance for spiral inductor using finite element method[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2015,35(12):3102-3109.
[26]陈中阳.电感器中寄生电容的去除方法研究[D].北京:华北电力大学,2012.