秦岭落叶阔叶林25 ha森林动态监测样地物种组成与群落特征
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摘要
秦岭落叶阔叶林是温带–亚热带过渡区保存较好的植被类型,群落结构复杂。为了研究该过渡区植被的生物多样性维持机制,按照CTFS (Center for tropical Forest Science)和中国森林生物多样性监测网络(CFor Bio)的建设标准,于2015年在陕西省佛坪国家级自然保护区的落叶阔叶林建立了一块面积25 ha的动态监测样地。本文对样地内胸径(DBH)≥1 cm的所有木本植物进行了调查和统计,分析了其物种组成、区系特征、径级结构和空间分布格局。结果表明:样地内DBH≥1 cm的木本植物独立个体有47,739株,隶属于36科66属119种。温带区系成分的科和属分别占总科数和总属数的41.18%和60.00%,温带区系特征明显。稀有种有51种,占总树种的42.86%。落叶树种有106种,占总树种的89.07%,在样地内占绝对优势。重要值≥1的物种共有20个,分别占样地总个体数和总胸高断面积的70.35%和57.41%,重要值最大的物种分别是乔木层的锐齿栎(Quercus aliena var.acutesrrata)、亚乔木层的水榆花楸(Sorbus alnifolia)和灌木层的刺叶栎(Q. spinosa)。样地内所有个体的平均胸径为8.61 cm,整体径级分布呈倒"J"型,小径级个体较多,群落更新良好。除了太白杨(Populus purdomii),样地内优势种表现出大尺度的聚集分布,且它们的分布与生境紧密相关,不同物种表现出不同的生境偏好。
The deciduous broad-leaved forests in the warm temperate-subtropical transition zone of the Qinling Mountains are well preserved. The forests lie in the transition zone from warm temperate to subtropical forests and have a relatively complex community structure. Few studies have been conducted to investigate community structure based on a large-sized plot in this transitional region. This study analyzed species composition and community characteristics within a 25 ha plot, serving as the baseline information for monitoring long-term forest dynamics and diversity in the future. Based on the field protocol of the Center for Tropical Forest Science(CTFS) and the Chinese Forest Biodiversity Monitoring Network(CForBio), a 25 ha deciduous broad-leaved forest plot was established in the temperate-subtropical transition zone. All free standing trees with diameter at breast height(DBH) ≥ 1 cm were tagged, measured and identified to species. A total of 47,739 woody individuals with DBH ≥ 1 cm belonging to 119 species, 66 genera and 36 families were identified. The families and genera of temperate floristic elements accounted for 41.18% and 60.00%, respectively and were the dominant flora in this plot. Fifty-one rare species accounted for 42.86% of the total individuals. Deciduous trees species were dominant accounting for 89.07% of the total species. The 20 species with importance values ≥ 1 contributed 70.35% and 57.41% to the total number of individuals and the total basal area, respectively. The three most abundant species were Quercus aliena var. acutiserrata in the canopy layer, Sorbus alnifolia in the sub-tree layer, and Quercus spinosa in the shrub layer. The mean DBH of all individuals in the plot was 8.61 cm, and the overall structure of DBH size class of all individuals generally shows an inverse "J" type which indicated successful regeneration. All the dominant species exhibited large-scale aggregated spatial distribution closely related to habitat preferences except for Populus purdomii.
The deciduous broad-leaved forests in the warm temperate-subtropical transition zone of the Qinling Mountains are well preserved. The forests lie in the transition zone from warm temperate to subtropical forests and have a relatively complex community structure. Few studies have been conducted to investigate community structure based on a large-sized plot in this transitional region. This study analyzed species composition and community characteristics within a 25 ha plot, serving as the baseline information for monitoring long-term forest dynamics and diversity in the future. Based on the field protocol of the Center for Tropical Forest Science(CTFS) and the Chinese Forest Biodiversity Monitoring Network(CForBio), a 25 ha deciduous broad-leaved forest plot was established in the temperate-subtropical transition zone. All free standing trees with diameter at breast height(DBH) ≥ 1 cm were tagged, measured and identified to species. A total of 47,739 woody individuals with DBH ≥ 1 cm belonging to 119 species, 66 genera and 36 families were identified. The families and genera of temperate floristic elements accounted for 41.18% and 60.00%, respectively and were the dominant flora in this plot. Fifty-one rare species accounted for 42.86% of the total individuals. Deciduous trees species were dominant accounting for 89.07% of the total species. The 20 species with importance values ≥ 1 contributed 70.35% and 57.41% to the total number of individuals and the total basal area, respectively. The three most abundant species were Quercus aliena var. acutiserrata in the canopy layer, Sorbus alnifolia in the sub-tree layer, and Quercus spinosa in the shrub layer. The mean DBH of all individuals in the plot was 8.61 cm, and the overall structure of DBH size class of all individuals generally shows an inverse "J" type which indicated successful regeneration. All the dominant species exhibited large-scale aggregated spatial distribution closely related to habitat preferences except for Populus purdomii.
引文
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Chen Y,Guo L,Yao CL,Wei BL,Yuan ZL,Ye YZ(2017)Community characteristics of a deciduous forest in a temperate-subtropical ecological transition zone:Analysis of a 5-ha forest dynamics plot in Baiyunshan Nature Reserve,Henan Province.Acta Ecologica Sinica,37,5602-5611.(in Chinese with English abstract)[陈云,郭凌,姚成亮,韦博良,袁志良,叶永忠(2017)暖温带-北亚热带过渡区落叶阔叶林群落特征.生态学报,37,5602-5611.]
Chen Y,Yuan ZL,Li PK,Cao RF,Jia HR,Ye YZ(2016)Effects of environment and space on species turnover of woody plants across multiple forest dynamic plots in East Asia.Frontiers in Plant Science,7,1533.
Condit R(1998)Tropical Forest Census Plots:Methods and Results from Barro Colorado Island,Panama and a Comparison with Other Plots.Springer-Verlag,Berlin.
Connor EF,McCoy ED(1979)The statistics and biology of the species-area relationship.The American Naturalist,113,791-833.
Fu ZJ,Zhang XY,Liu SY,Tao M(1996)The summarize of research on the flora and vegetation of the Qinling Mountain range.Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica,5,93-106.(in Chinese with English abstract)[傅志军,张行勇,刘顺义,陶铭(1996)秦岭植物区系和植被研究概述.西北植物学报,5,93-106.]
Getzin S,Wiegand T,Wiegand K,He FL(2008)Heterogeneity influences spatial patterns and demographics in forest stands.Journal of Ecology,96,807-820.
Hao ZQ,Li BH,Zhang J,Wang XG,Ye J,Yao XL(2008)Broad-leaved Korean pine(Pinus koraiensis)mixed forest plot in Changbaishan(CBS)of China:Community composition and structure.Journal of Plant Ecology(Chinese Version),32,238-250.(in Chinese with English abstract)[郝占庆,李步杭,张健,王绪高,叶吉,姚晓琳(2008)长白山阔叶红松林样地(CBS):群落组成与结构.植物生态学报,32,238-250.]
Hu YH,Sha LQ,Blanchet FG,Zhang JL,Tang Y,Lan GY,Cao M(2012)Dominant species and dispersal limitation regulate tree species distributions in a 20-ha plot in Xishuangbanna,Southwest China.Oikos,121,952-960.
Hubbell SP,Foster RB(1986)Commonness and rarity in a neotropical forest:Implications for tropical tree conservation.In:Conservation Biology:Science of Scarcity(ed.Soule ME),pp.205-231.Sinauer Press,Sunderland,UK.
Jia HR,Chen Y,Yuan ZL,Ye YZ,Huang QC(2015)Effects of environmental and spatial heterogeneity on tree community assembly in Baotianman National Nature Reserve,Henan,China.Polish Journal of Ecology,63,175-183.
Linares-Palomino R,Alvarez SIP(2005)Tree community patterns in seasonally dry tropical forests in the Cerros de Amotape Cordillera,Tumbes,Peru.Forest Ecology and Management,209,261-272.
Liu HF,Li L,Sang WG(2011)Species composition and community structure of the Donglingshan forest dynamic plot in a warm temperate deciduous broad-leaved secondary forest,China.Biodiversity Science,19,232-242.(in Chinese with English abstract)[刘海丰,李亮,桑卫国(2011)东灵山暖温带落叶阔叶次生林动态监测样地:物种组成与群落结构.生物多样性,19,232-242.]
Liu XJ,Ren SY,Li LX,Ye YZ,Yuan ZL,Wang T(2016)Detecting density dependence on tree survival in a deciduous broad-leaved forest in Baotianman National Nature Reserve.Biodiversity Science,24,639-648.(in Chinese with English abstract)[刘晓静,任思远,李鹿鑫,叶永忠,袁志良,王婷(2016)宝天曼国家级自然保护区落叶阔叶林密度制约效应对树木存活的影响.生物多样性,24,639-648.]
Luo Y,Zhang BP(2006)Land use patterns differentiation based on vertical belts in Qinling Mountains.Scientia Geographica Sinica,26,5574-5579.(in Chinese with English abstract)[罗勇,张百平(2006)基于山地垂直带谱的秦岭土地利用空间分异.地理科学,26,5574-5579.]
Sha YY,Yuan ZL,Zhu XL,Zhuang JJ,Yin WK,Guo JR,Ye YZ(2012)The species composition and community structure of 1-ha Quercus serrata var.brevipetiolata forest in Baotianman National Nature Reserve.Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences,41,148-153.(in Chinese with English abstract)[沙迎迎,袁志良,朱学灵,庄静静,殷卫抗,郭建荣,叶永忠(2012)宝天曼短柄枹林1公顷样地物种组成与群落结构.河南农业科学,41,148-153.]
Shang SH,Xing HH(2016)Comparison of vertical distribution of vegetation in the north and south slopes of Qinling Mountains.Agriculture of Jilin,(1),114-115.(in Chinese)[尚升海,邢海虹(2016)秦岭南北坡植被垂直分布的差异比较.吉林农业,(1),114-115.]
Tj?rve E(2003)Shapes and functions of species-area curves:Areview of possible models.Journal of Biogeography,30,827-835.
Wang YC,Wang DX(2013)Study on elevational patterns of plant species diversity and community complexity in Foping Natural Reserve.Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica,33,169-176.(in Chinese with English abstract)[王宇超,王得祥(2013)佛坪自然保护区植物群落物种多样性和复杂性的海拔格局研究.西北植物学报,33,169-176.]
Wang YP,Wei BL,Yin WK,Chen Y,Wang J,Ye YZ(2014)Species composition and spatial distribution in Baotianman National Nature Reserve Shaw.Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences,43,94-100.(in Chinese with English abstract)[王亚平,韦博良,殷卫抗,陈云,王进,叶永忠(2014)宝天曼杂木林样地的物种组成及空间分布格局.河南农业科学,43,94-100.]
Wen HD,Lin LX,Yang J,Hu YH,Cao M,Liu YH,Lu ZY,Xie YN(2018)Species composition and community structure of a 20 hm2 plot of mid-mountain moist evergreen broad-leaved forest on the Mts.Ailaoshan,Yunnan Province,China Chinese.Journal of Plant Ecology,42,419-429.(in Chinese with English abstract)[温韩东,林露湘,杨洁,胡跃华,曹敏,刘玉洪,鲁志云,谢有能(2018)云南哀牢山中山湿性常绿阔叶林20 hm2动态样地的物种组成与群落结构.植物生态学报,42,419-429.]
Wiegand T,Molone KA(2004)Rings,circles,and null-models for point pattern analysis in ecology.Oikos,104,209-229.
Wu ZY(1980)Vegetation of China.Science Press,Beijing.(in Chinese)[吴征镒(1980)中国植被.科学出版社,北京.]
Wu ZY(1991)The areal-types of Chinese genera of seed plant.Acta Botanica Yunnanica,13(Suppl.),1-139.(in Chinese with English abstract)[吴征镒(1991)中国种子植物属的分布区类型.云南植物研究,13(增刊),1-139.]
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