利用相控阵及双偏振雷达对2016年6月3日华南一次强对流过程的分析
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摘要
本文结合X波段相控阵雷达(XPAR)和S波段双偏振天气雷达(SPOL)及地面和探空观测资料,分析了2016年6月3日发生在华南的一次超级单体中小尺度特征,结果表明:(1)SPOL的多普勒参量和双偏振参量可以观测到超级单体的强度、速度和相态分布,超级单体的入流和出流影响钩状回波的形成。(2)XPAR可以获取时空分辨率远高于SPOL的观测资料,可以弥补SPOL仰角层严重不足的缺陷,观测到超级单体完整的垂直结构,可更精确地描述超级单体的短时演变。(3)超级单体钩状回波附近给地面带来了降温、大风和强降水,超级单体经过地区均有明显降温和风区。研究结果证明相控阵雷达和双偏振雷达对认识对流单体中小尺度系统的发展演变有较大帮助。
Based on the X-band phased-array Doppler radar, S-band dual-polarization radar(SPOL) and conventional surface and upper-air data,we analyzed the characteristics of a severe convective process in South China that happened on 3 June 2016. The results are summarized as follows.(1) The intensity,velocity and phase distribution of supercells can be observed by Doppler parameters and dual-polarization parameters of SPOL. The formation of hook echo is affected by the influx and outflow of supercells.(2)XPAR can obtain spatio-temporal resolution much higher than observation data of SPOL, which can make up for the serious shortage of elevation layer. The complete vertical structure of super cells can be observed and the short-term evolution of supercells can be more accurately described.(3) Hypercubes near the hook echo brought cooling temperature, strong winds and heavy precipitation to the surface, and the areas with the supercells passing through had significant drop in temperature and strong winds. The results show that phased-array radar and dual-polarization radar are more helpful to understand the evolution of supercells.
Based on the X-band phased-array Doppler radar, S-band dual-polarization radar(SPOL) and conventional surface and upper-air data,we analyzed the characteristics of a severe convective process in South China that happened on 3 June 2016. The results are summarized as follows.(1) The intensity,velocity and phase distribution of supercells can be observed by Doppler parameters and dual-polarization parameters of SPOL. The formation of hook echo is affected by the influx and outflow of supercells.(2)XPAR can obtain spatio-temporal resolution much higher than observation data of SPOL, which can make up for the serious shortage of elevation layer. The complete vertical structure of super cells can be observed and the short-term evolution of supercells can be more accurately described.(3) Hypercubes near the hook echo brought cooling temperature, strong winds and heavy precipitation to the surface, and the areas with the supercells passing through had significant drop in temperature and strong winds. The results show that phased-array radar and dual-polarization radar are more helpful to understand the evolution of supercells.
引文
陈秋萍,陈齐川,冯晋勤,等,2015.“2012. 4.11”两个强降雹超级单体特征分析[J].气象,41(1):25-33. Chen Q P,Chen Q C,Feng J Q,et al,2015. Analysis of two severe hail supercell storms on 11April 2012[J]. Meteor Mon,41(1):25-33(in Chinese).
陈涛,代刊,张芳华,2013.一次华北飑线天气过程中环境条件与对流发展机制研究[J].气象,39(8):945-954. Chen T,Dai K,Zhang F H,2013. Study on ambient condition and initialization mechanism of convection in a severe squall line storm event in North China[J]. Meteor Mon,39(8):945-954(in Chinese).
陈元昭,俞小鼎,陈训来,等,2016. 2015年5月华南一次龙卷过程观测分析[J].应用气象学报,27(3):334-341. Chen Y Z,Yu X D,Chen X L, et al,2016. A tornado in South China in May 2015[J].J Appl Meteor Sci,27(3):334-341(in Chinese).黄先香,俞小鼎,炎利军,等,2018.广东两次台风龙卷的环境背景和雷达回波对比[J].应用气象学报,29(1):70-83. Huang X X,Yu X D, Yan L J,et al,2018. Contrastive analysis of two intense typhoon-tornado cases with synoptic and Doppler weather radar data in Guangdong[J]. J Appl Meteor Sci,29(1):70-83(in Chinese).李晓敏,周筠珺,肖辉,等,2017.基于X波段双偏振雷达对雷暴单体中水成物粒子演变特征的研究[J].大气科学,41(6):1246-1263. Li X M,Zhou Y J,Xiao H,et al,2017. Research on the evolution characteristics of hydrometeors in a thunderstorm cell with X-band dual-polarimetric radar[J]. Chin J Atmos Sci,41(6):1246-1263(in Chinese).
梁俊平,张一平,2015. 2013年8月河南三次西南气流型强对流天气分析[J].气象,41(11):1328-1340. Liang J P,Zhang Y P,2015.Analysis on three severe convective weather events of southwest flow type in Henan August 2013[J]. Meteor Mon,41(11):1328-1340(in Chinese).
刘黎平,吴翀,汪旭东,等,2015.X波段一维扫描有源相控阵天气雷达测试定标方法[J].应用气象学报,26(2):129-140. Liu L P,Wu C,Wang X D,et al,2015. Test and calibration methods for X band active phased array weather radar[J]. J Appl Meteor Sci,26(2):129-140(in Chinese).
刘黎平,吴林林,吴翀,等,2014. X波段相控阵天气雷达对流过程观测外场试验及初步结果分析[J].大气科学,38(6):1079-1094.Liu L P,Wu L L,Wu C,et al,2014. Field experiment on convective precipitation by X-band phased-array radar and preliminary results[J]. Chin J Atmos Sci,38(6):1079-1094(in Chinese).
刘亚男,肖辉,姚振东,等,2012.X波段双极化雷达对云中水凝物粒子的相态识别[J].气候与环境研究,17(6):925-936. Liu Y N,Xiao H,Yao Z D,et al,2012. Analyses of hydrometeor identification based on X-Band polarimetric radar[J]. Climatic Environ Res,17(6):925-936(in Chinese).
农孟松,翟丽萍,屈梅芳,等,2014.广西一次飑线大风天气的成因和预警分析[J].气象,40(12):1491-1499. Nong M S,Zhai L P,Qu M F,et al,2014. Study on initialization mechanism and alert of gale in squall line storm event[J]. Meteor Mon, 40(12):1491-1499(in Chinese).
沈杭锋,张红蕾,高天赤,等,2016.浙江盛夏一次强对流天气的特征及其成因分析[J].气象,42(9):1105-1113. Shen H F,Zhang H L,Gao T C,et al,2016. Study on features and formation of one severe convection process during midsummer in Zhejiang Province[J]. Meteor Mon,42(9):1105-1113(in Chinese).
覃靖,潘海,刘蕾,2017.柳州“4·09”致灾冰雹的超级单体风暴过程分析[J].气象,43(6):745-755. Qin J,Pan H,Liu L,2017. Analysis of supercell storm leading to disastrous hail in Liuzhou on 9April 2016[J]. Meteor Mon,43(6):745-755(in Chinese).王易,郑媛媛,孙康远,等,2018.南京雷达中气旋产品特征值统计分析[J].气象学报,76(2):266-278. Wang Y,Zheng Y Y,Sun K Y,et al,2018. A statistical analysis of characteristics of mesocyclone products from Nanjing Radar[J]. Acta Meteor Sin, 76(2):266-278(in Chinese).
吴翀,刘黎平,汪旭东,等,2014.相控阵雷达扫描方式对回波强度测量的影响[J].应用气象学报,25(4):406-414. Wu C,Liu L P,Wang X D,et al,2014. The measurement influence of reflectivity factor caused by scanning mode from phased array radar[J]. J Appl Meteor Sci,25(4):406-414(in Chinese).
吴海英,陈海山,刘梅,等,2017.长生命史超级单体结构特征与形成维持机制[J].气象,43(2):141-150. Wu H Y,Chen H S,Liu M,et al,2017. Structure characteristics,formation and maintenance mechanism of supercell with long life cycle[J]. Meteor Mon, 43(2):141-150(in Chinese).
许爱华,马中元,叶小峰,2011.江西8种强对流天气形势与云型特征分析[J].气象,37(10):1185-1195. Xu A H,Ma Z Y,Ye X F,2011. Eight kinds of strong convective weather situations and related cloud type characteristics in Jiangxi[J]. Meteor Mon,37(10):1185-1195(in Chinese).
许爱华,孙继松,许东蓓,等,2014.中国中东部强对流天气的天气形势分类和基本要素配置特征[J].气象,40(4):400-411. Xu A H,Sun J S,Xu D B,et al,2014. Basic synoptic situation classification and element character of severe convection in China[J].Meteor Mon,40(4):400-411(in Chinese).
许新田,刘瑞芳,郭大梅,等,2012.陕西一次持续性强对流天气过程的成因分析[J].气象,38(5):533-542.Xu X T,Liu R F,Guo D M,et al,2012. Cause analysis of a continuous severe convective weather in Shaanxi[J]. Meteor Mon, 38(5):533-542(in Chinese).
俞小鼎,郑媛媛,廖玉芳,等,2008.—次伴随强烈龙卷的强降水超级单体风暴研究[J].大气科学,32(3):508-522. Yu X D,Zheng Y Y,Liao Y F,et al,2008. Observational investigation of a tornadic heavy precipitation supercell storm[J]. Chin J Atmos Sci,32(3):508-522(in Chinese).
张劲梅,莫伟强,2013. 2013年3月20日广东东莞罕见龙卷冰雹特征及成因分析[J].暴雨灾害,32(4):330-337. Zhang J M,Mo W Q,2013. Analysis of a rare hail-producing tornado event on 20March 2013 in Dongguan,Guangdong Province[J]. TorrentialRain Disasters,32(4):330-337(in Chinese).
张涛,方翀,朱文剑,等,2012. 2011年4月17日广东强对流天气过程分析[J].气象,38(7):84-818. Zhang T,Fang C,Zhu W J,et al,2012. Analysis of the 17 April 2011 severe convective weather in Guangdong[J]. Meteor Mon,38(7):814-818(in Chinese).
张志强,刘黎平,2011.相控阵技术在天气雷达中的初步应用[J].高原气象,30(4):1102-1107. Zhang Z Q,Liu L P,2011. Preliminary application of phased array technology in weather radar[J].Plateau Meteor,30(4):1102-1107(in Chinese).
郑艳,俞小鼎,任福民,等,2017.海南一次超级单体引发的强烈龙卷过程观测分析[J].气象,43(6):675-685. Zheng Y, Yu X D,Ren F M,et al,2017. Analysis on a severe tornado process in Hainan triggered by supercell[J]. Meteor Mon,43(6):675-685(in Chinese).
郑媛媛,姚晨,郝莹,等,2011.不同类型大尺度环流背景下强对流天气的短时临近预报预警研究[J].气象,37(7):795-801. Zheng Y Y,Yao C, Hao Y, et al,2011. The short time forecasting and early warning reasearch on severe convective weather under different types of large scale circulation background[J]. Meteor Mon,37(7):795-801(in Chinese).
Bluestein H B, French M M, PopStefanija I,et al,2010. A mobile,phased-array Doppler radar for the study of severe convective storms:the MWR-05XP[J]. Bull Amer Meteor Soc,91(5):579-600.
Browning K A, 1977. The structure and mechanisms of hailstorms[J]. Meteor Monogr,38:1-36.
Heinselman P L,Priegnitz D L,Manross K L,et al,2008. Rapid sampling of severe storms by the national weather radar testbed phased array radar[J]. Wea Forecasting,23(5):808-824.
Lemon L R,DoswellⅢC A, 1979. Severe thunderstorm evolution and mesocyclone structure as related to tornadogenesis[J]. Mon Wea Rev, 107(9):1184-1197.
Moller A R,Doswell III C A,Foster M P,et al,1994. The operational recognition of supercell thunderstorm environments and storm structures[J]. Wea Forecasting,9(3):327-347.
Rasmussen E N,Richardson S,Straka J M,et al,2000. The association of significant tornadoes with a baroclinic boundary on 2June 1995[J]. Mon Wea Rev,128(1):174-191.
Zrnic D S,Kimpel J F, Forsyth D E,et al,2007. Agile-beam phased array radar for weather observations[J]. Bull Amer Meteor Soc,88(11):1753-1766.
陈涛,代刊,张芳华,2013.一次华北飑线天气过程中环境条件与对流发展机制研究[J].气象,39(8):945-954. Chen T,Dai K,Zhang F H,2013. Study on ambient condition and initialization mechanism of convection in a severe squall line storm event in North China[J]. Meteor Mon,39(8):945-954(in Chinese).
陈元昭,俞小鼎,陈训来,等,2016. 2015年5月华南一次龙卷过程观测分析[J].应用气象学报,27(3):334-341. Chen Y Z,Yu X D,Chen X L, et al,2016. A tornado in South China in May 2015[J].J Appl Meteor Sci,27(3):334-341(in Chinese).黄先香,俞小鼎,炎利军,等,2018.广东两次台风龙卷的环境背景和雷达回波对比[J].应用气象学报,29(1):70-83. Huang X X,Yu X D, Yan L J,et al,2018. Contrastive analysis of two intense typhoon-tornado cases with synoptic and Doppler weather radar data in Guangdong[J]. J Appl Meteor Sci,29(1):70-83(in Chinese).李晓敏,周筠珺,肖辉,等,2017.基于X波段双偏振雷达对雷暴单体中水成物粒子演变特征的研究[J].大气科学,41(6):1246-1263. Li X M,Zhou Y J,Xiao H,et al,2017. Research on the evolution characteristics of hydrometeors in a thunderstorm cell with X-band dual-polarimetric radar[J]. Chin J Atmos Sci,41(6):1246-1263(in Chinese).
梁俊平,张一平,2015. 2013年8月河南三次西南气流型强对流天气分析[J].气象,41(11):1328-1340. Liang J P,Zhang Y P,2015.Analysis on three severe convective weather events of southwest flow type in Henan August 2013[J]. Meteor Mon,41(11):1328-1340(in Chinese).
刘黎平,吴翀,汪旭东,等,2015.X波段一维扫描有源相控阵天气雷达测试定标方法[J].应用气象学报,26(2):129-140. Liu L P,Wu C,Wang X D,et al,2015. Test and calibration methods for X band active phased array weather radar[J]. J Appl Meteor Sci,26(2):129-140(in Chinese).
刘黎平,吴林林,吴翀,等,2014. X波段相控阵天气雷达对流过程观测外场试验及初步结果分析[J].大气科学,38(6):1079-1094.Liu L P,Wu L L,Wu C,et al,2014. Field experiment on convective precipitation by X-band phased-array radar and preliminary results[J]. Chin J Atmos Sci,38(6):1079-1094(in Chinese).
刘亚男,肖辉,姚振东,等,2012.X波段双极化雷达对云中水凝物粒子的相态识别[J].气候与环境研究,17(6):925-936. Liu Y N,Xiao H,Yao Z D,et al,2012. Analyses of hydrometeor identification based on X-Band polarimetric radar[J]. Climatic Environ Res,17(6):925-936(in Chinese).
农孟松,翟丽萍,屈梅芳,等,2014.广西一次飑线大风天气的成因和预警分析[J].气象,40(12):1491-1499. Nong M S,Zhai L P,Qu M F,et al,2014. Study on initialization mechanism and alert of gale in squall line storm event[J]. Meteor Mon, 40(12):1491-1499(in Chinese).
沈杭锋,张红蕾,高天赤,等,2016.浙江盛夏一次强对流天气的特征及其成因分析[J].气象,42(9):1105-1113. Shen H F,Zhang H L,Gao T C,et al,2016. Study on features and formation of one severe convection process during midsummer in Zhejiang Province[J]. Meteor Mon,42(9):1105-1113(in Chinese).
覃靖,潘海,刘蕾,2017.柳州“4·09”致灾冰雹的超级单体风暴过程分析[J].气象,43(6):745-755. Qin J,Pan H,Liu L,2017. Analysis of supercell storm leading to disastrous hail in Liuzhou on 9April 2016[J]. Meteor Mon,43(6):745-755(in Chinese).王易,郑媛媛,孙康远,等,2018.南京雷达中气旋产品特征值统计分析[J].气象学报,76(2):266-278. Wang Y,Zheng Y Y,Sun K Y,et al,2018. A statistical analysis of characteristics of mesocyclone products from Nanjing Radar[J]. Acta Meteor Sin, 76(2):266-278(in Chinese).
吴翀,刘黎平,汪旭东,等,2014.相控阵雷达扫描方式对回波强度测量的影响[J].应用气象学报,25(4):406-414. Wu C,Liu L P,Wang X D,et al,2014. The measurement influence of reflectivity factor caused by scanning mode from phased array radar[J]. J Appl Meteor Sci,25(4):406-414(in Chinese).
吴海英,陈海山,刘梅,等,2017.长生命史超级单体结构特征与形成维持机制[J].气象,43(2):141-150. Wu H Y,Chen H S,Liu M,et al,2017. Structure characteristics,formation and maintenance mechanism of supercell with long life cycle[J]. Meteor Mon, 43(2):141-150(in Chinese).
许爱华,马中元,叶小峰,2011.江西8种强对流天气形势与云型特征分析[J].气象,37(10):1185-1195. Xu A H,Ma Z Y,Ye X F,2011. Eight kinds of strong convective weather situations and related cloud type characteristics in Jiangxi[J]. Meteor Mon,37(10):1185-1195(in Chinese).
许爱华,孙继松,许东蓓,等,2014.中国中东部强对流天气的天气形势分类和基本要素配置特征[J].气象,40(4):400-411. Xu A H,Sun J S,Xu D B,et al,2014. Basic synoptic situation classification and element character of severe convection in China[J].Meteor Mon,40(4):400-411(in Chinese).
许新田,刘瑞芳,郭大梅,等,2012.陕西一次持续性强对流天气过程的成因分析[J].气象,38(5):533-542.Xu X T,Liu R F,Guo D M,et al,2012. Cause analysis of a continuous severe convective weather in Shaanxi[J]. Meteor Mon, 38(5):533-542(in Chinese).
俞小鼎,郑媛媛,廖玉芳,等,2008.—次伴随强烈龙卷的强降水超级单体风暴研究[J].大气科学,32(3):508-522. Yu X D,Zheng Y Y,Liao Y F,et al,2008. Observational investigation of a tornadic heavy precipitation supercell storm[J]. Chin J Atmos Sci,32(3):508-522(in Chinese).
张劲梅,莫伟强,2013. 2013年3月20日广东东莞罕见龙卷冰雹特征及成因分析[J].暴雨灾害,32(4):330-337. Zhang J M,Mo W Q,2013. Analysis of a rare hail-producing tornado event on 20March 2013 in Dongguan,Guangdong Province[J]. TorrentialRain Disasters,32(4):330-337(in Chinese).
张涛,方翀,朱文剑,等,2012. 2011年4月17日广东强对流天气过程分析[J].气象,38(7):84-818. Zhang T,Fang C,Zhu W J,et al,2012. Analysis of the 17 April 2011 severe convective weather in Guangdong[J]. Meteor Mon,38(7):814-818(in Chinese).
张志强,刘黎平,2011.相控阵技术在天气雷达中的初步应用[J].高原气象,30(4):1102-1107. Zhang Z Q,Liu L P,2011. Preliminary application of phased array technology in weather radar[J].Plateau Meteor,30(4):1102-1107(in Chinese).
郑艳,俞小鼎,任福民,等,2017.海南一次超级单体引发的强烈龙卷过程观测分析[J].气象,43(6):675-685. Zheng Y, Yu X D,Ren F M,et al,2017. Analysis on a severe tornado process in Hainan triggered by supercell[J]. Meteor Mon,43(6):675-685(in Chinese).
郑媛媛,姚晨,郝莹,等,2011.不同类型大尺度环流背景下强对流天气的短时临近预报预警研究[J].气象,37(7):795-801. Zheng Y Y,Yao C, Hao Y, et al,2011. The short time forecasting and early warning reasearch on severe convective weather under different types of large scale circulation background[J]. Meteor Mon,37(7):795-801(in Chinese).
Bluestein H B, French M M, PopStefanija I,et al,2010. A mobile,phased-array Doppler radar for the study of severe convective storms:the MWR-05XP[J]. Bull Amer Meteor Soc,91(5):579-600.
Browning K A, 1977. The structure and mechanisms of hailstorms[J]. Meteor Monogr,38:1-36.
Heinselman P L,Priegnitz D L,Manross K L,et al,2008. Rapid sampling of severe storms by the national weather radar testbed phased array radar[J]. Wea Forecasting,23(5):808-824.
Lemon L R,DoswellⅢC A, 1979. Severe thunderstorm evolution and mesocyclone structure as related to tornadogenesis[J]. Mon Wea Rev, 107(9):1184-1197.
Moller A R,Doswell III C A,Foster M P,et al,1994. The operational recognition of supercell thunderstorm environments and storm structures[J]. Wea Forecasting,9(3):327-347.
Rasmussen E N,Richardson S,Straka J M,et al,2000. The association of significant tornadoes with a baroclinic boundary on 2June 1995[J]. Mon Wea Rev,128(1):174-191.
Zrnic D S,Kimpel J F, Forsyth D E,et al,2007. Agile-beam phased array radar for weather observations[J]. Bull Amer Meteor Soc,88(11):1753-1766.