全国芝麻区试(江淮片)品种主要农艺性状和品质特性的比较
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摘要
为比较全国芝麻区试(江淮片)品种主要农艺性状和品质特性,本研究以1990～2015年全国芝麻区域试验(江淮片)的历年汇总数据为资料,系统分析了中国江淮芝麻产区近30年来育成品种的农艺性状和品质特性的变化规律。结果表明,该芝麻产区的高产育种取得了较大进展,品种平均单产由1990-1999年的941.25 kg/hm~2持续增长到2011-2015年的1 235.25 kg/hm~2,增幅达31.24%;平均含油量从1990-1999年的54.58%提高到2011-2015年的55.47%,蛋白质含量从1990-1999年的20.98%提高到2011-2015的21.14%,品质有一定的提高(中间略有回落);茎点枯病病指由1990-1999年的8.82持续降低到2011-2015年的6.31,抗性提高了39.78%,枯萎病病指由1990-1999年的1.31降低到2011-2015的1.13,抗性提高了15.93%,抗病性有较大幅度提高;育成了一批高产、优质、综合性状较好的芝麻品种,如‘中芝12’、‘中芝13’、‘郑芝98N09’、‘驻芝15号’‘、鄂芝6号’等,在江淮芝麻产区发挥着重要的作用。今后需加强新品种选育力度,在充分利用现有资源的基础上,改进选择技术,进一步提高产量、品质与抗性。
In order to compare the key agronomic characters and quality traits of sesame cultivars in national field trials(Jiang-Huai area), this study took the yield related data collected in the sesame national field trials(Jiang-Huai area) from 1990 to 2015 as materials to analyze the change rule of key agronomic traits and quality characteristics about 30 years in sesame production areas. The results indicated that great progresses have been achieved in the breeding of new sesame varieties. The mean seed yield in phase I(1990-1999) was 941.25 kg/hm~2, which were further increased markedly and steadily to 1 235.25 kg/hm~2(increased by 31.24%) in the period of 2011-2015. However, in the same periods the seed qualities were only improved slightly from 54.58% to 55.47% for oil content and from 20.98% to 21.14% for protein content, respectively, being accompanied by a minor decline in the middle of the time point. On the other han d, disease resistance was significantly improved by 39.78% for stem blight and 15.93% for Fusarium wilt, respectively. The stem blight index was reduced from 8.82 to 6.31 during1990 to 1999, and Fusarium wilt index was declined from 1.31 to 1.13. Moreover, this method cultured several leading sesame varieties(such as 'Zhongzhi No.12', 'Zhongzhi No.13', 'Zhengzhi 98 N09', 'Zhuzhi No.15', 'Ezhi No.6')bearing high yield and optimal seed quality, which played an important role in Jiang-Huai area. In the future, we should strengthen the breeding of new varieties and improve selection technique, as well as further improve yield,quality and resistance, based on full use of existing resources.
In order to compare the key agronomic characters and quality traits of sesame cultivars in national field trials(Jiang-Huai area), this study took the yield related data collected in the sesame national field trials(Jiang-Huai area) from 1990 to 2015 as materials to analyze the change rule of key agronomic traits and quality characteristics about 30 years in sesame production areas. The results indicated that great progresses have been achieved in the breeding of new sesame varieties. The mean seed yield in phase I(1990-1999) was 941.25 kg/hm~2, which were further increased markedly and steadily to 1 235.25 kg/hm~2(increased by 31.24%) in the period of 2011-2015. However, in the same periods the seed qualities were only improved slightly from 54.58% to 55.47% for oil content and from 20.98% to 21.14% for protein content, respectively, being accompanied by a minor decline in the middle of the time point. On the other han d, disease resistance was significantly improved by 39.78% for stem blight and 15.93% for Fusarium wilt, respectively. The stem blight index was reduced from 8.82 to 6.31 during1990 to 1999, and Fusarium wilt index was declined from 1.31 to 1.13. Moreover, this method cultured several leading sesame varieties(such as 'Zhongzhi No.12', 'Zhongzhi No.13', 'Zhengzhi 98 N09', 'Zhuzhi No.15', 'Ezhi No.6')bearing high yield and optimal seed quality, which played an important role in Jiang-Huai area. In the future, we should strengthen the breeding of new varieties and improve selection technique, as well as further improve yield,quality and resistance, based on full use of existing resources.
引文
Ashri A.,1998,Sesame breeding,Plant Breed.Rev.,16:179-228
Bedigian D.,and Harlan J.,1986,Evidence for cultivation on sesame in the ancient world,Econ.Bot.,40(2):137-154
Liu H.Y.,and Zhao Y.Z.,2006,Canonical correlation for yield and quality trait groups in sesame,Zhongguo Youliao Zuowu Xuebao(Chinese Journal of Oil Crop Sciences),28(2):129-133(刘红艳,赵应忠,2006,芝麻产量性状与品质性状的典型相关分析,中国油料作物学报,28(2):129-133)
Liu H.Y.,Yang M.M.,Zuo Y.,Shu Y.,and Zhao Y.Z.,2011,Optimization and application of SSR-PCR system for varieties identification in sesame(Sesamum indicum L.),Zhongguo Nongxue Tongbao(Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin),27(21):138-143(刘红艳,杨敏敏,左阳,舒岩,赵应忠,2011,芝麻SSR检测体系的优化与应用,中国农学通报,27(21):138-143)
Liu H.Y.,and Zhao Y.Z.,2011,Study of pollens adhesion,germination and pollen tube penitration of sesame,Zhongguo Youliao Zuowu Xuebao(Chinese Journal of Oil Crop Sciences),33(2):130-134(刘红艳,赵应忠,2011,芝麻花粉附着、萌发与花粉管伸长过程研究,中国油料作物学报,33(2):130-134)
Sun J.,Zhang X.R.,Zhang Y.X.,Che Z.,and Huang B.,2009,Analysis on genetic diversity and genetic basis of main sesame cultivars released in China,Zhongguo Nongye Kexue(Scientia Agricultura Sinica),42(10):3421-3431(孙建,张秀荣,张艳欣,车卓,黄波,2009,中国芝麻主要品种遗传多样性特点及遗传基础演变,中国农业科学,42(10):3421-3431)
Yang M.,and Huang F.H.,2009,Situation,problem,development trend and suggestion of sesame industry in China,Zhongguo Youzhi(China Oils and Fats),34(1):7-12(杨湄,黄凤洪,2009,中国芝麻产业现状与存在问题、发展趋势及对策建议,中国油脂,34(1):7-12)
Yue W.D.,Wei L.B.,Zhang T.D.,Li C.,Miao H.M.,and Zhang H.Y.,2012,Genetic diversity and population structure of germplasm resources in sesame(Sesamum indicum L.)by SSR markers,Zuowu Xuebao(Acta Agronomica Sinica),38(12):2286-2296(岳文娣,魏利斌,张体德,李春,苗红梅,张海洋,2012,芝麻种质资源SSR标记遗传多样性与群体结构分析,作物学报,38(12):2286-2296)
Bedigian D.,and Harlan J.,1986,Evidence for cultivation on sesame in the ancient world,Econ.Bot.,40(2):137-154
Liu H.Y.,and Zhao Y.Z.,2006,Canonical correlation for yield and quality trait groups in sesame,Zhongguo Youliao Zuowu Xuebao(Chinese Journal of Oil Crop Sciences),28(2):129-133(刘红艳,赵应忠,2006,芝麻产量性状与品质性状的典型相关分析,中国油料作物学报,28(2):129-133)
Liu H.Y.,Yang M.M.,Zuo Y.,Shu Y.,and Zhao Y.Z.,2011,Optimization and application of SSR-PCR system for varieties identification in sesame(Sesamum indicum L.),Zhongguo Nongxue Tongbao(Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin),27(21):138-143(刘红艳,杨敏敏,左阳,舒岩,赵应忠,2011,芝麻SSR检测体系的优化与应用,中国农学通报,27(21):138-143)
Liu H.Y.,and Zhao Y.Z.,2011,Study of pollens adhesion,germination and pollen tube penitration of sesame,Zhongguo Youliao Zuowu Xuebao(Chinese Journal of Oil Crop Sciences),33(2):130-134(刘红艳,赵应忠,2011,芝麻花粉附着、萌发与花粉管伸长过程研究,中国油料作物学报,33(2):130-134)
Sun J.,Zhang X.R.,Zhang Y.X.,Che Z.,and Huang B.,2009,Analysis on genetic diversity and genetic basis of main sesame cultivars released in China,Zhongguo Nongye Kexue(Scientia Agricultura Sinica),42(10):3421-3431(孙建,张秀荣,张艳欣,车卓,黄波,2009,中国芝麻主要品种遗传多样性特点及遗传基础演变,中国农业科学,42(10):3421-3431)
Yang M.,and Huang F.H.,2009,Situation,problem,development trend and suggestion of sesame industry in China,Zhongguo Youzhi(China Oils and Fats),34(1):7-12(杨湄,黄凤洪,2009,中国芝麻产业现状与存在问题、发展趋势及对策建议,中国油脂,34(1):7-12)
Yue W.D.,Wei L.B.,Zhang T.D.,Li C.,Miao H.M.,and Zhang H.Y.,2012,Genetic diversity and population structure of germplasm resources in sesame(Sesamum indicum L.)by SSR markers,Zuowu Xuebao(Acta Agronomica Sinica),38(12):2286-2296(岳文娣,魏利斌,张体德,李春,苗红梅,张海洋,2012,芝麻种质资源SSR标记遗传多样性与群体结构分析,作物学报,38(12):2286-2296)