Automation in U.S. longwall coal mining: A state-of-the-art review
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摘要
This paper reviews the development of U.S. longwall mining from an unknown to became the world standard in the past five decades with emphasis on automation. Large scale longwall face equipment were imported from Germany and United Kingdom to increase production in the 1970 s and great effort was made to improve them to suit U.S. conditions, rather than domestic market. Automation began with the development of electrohydraulic shields in 1984 and continue to present. Introduction of first generation semi-automated longwall system occurred in 1995 and step-to-step improvement continues to present following the development of sensor technology and internet of things(IOT). Since then, emphasis on new development has been concentrated on the improvement of equipment reliability, miner's health and safety as well as production, including dust control techniques, proximity sensor, anti-collision and remote control. Automation is classified into two categories: automation of individual face equipment and automation of longwall system. The automation development of longwall system is divided into three stages: shearer-initiated-shield-advance(SISA), semi-automated longwall system, and remote control shearer.
This paper reviews the development of U.S. longwall mining from an unknown to became the world standard in the past five decades with emphasis on automation. Large scale longwall face equipment were imported from Germany and United Kingdom to increase production in the 1970 s and great effort was made to improve them to suit U.S. conditions, rather than domestic market. Automation began with the development of electrohydraulic shields in 1984 and continue to present. Introduction of first generation semi-automated longwall system occurred in 1995 and step-to-step improvement continues to present following the development of sensor technology and internet of things(IOT). Since then, emphasis on new development has been concentrated on the improvement of equipment reliability, miner's health and safety as well as production, including dust control techniques, proximity sensor, anti-collision and remote control. Automation is classified into two categories: automation of individual face equipment and automation of longwall system. The automation development of longwall system is divided into three stages: shearer-initiated-shield-advance(SISA), semi-automated longwall system, and remote control shearer.
This paper reviews the development of U.S. longwall mining from an unknown to became the world standard in the past five decades with emphasis on automation. Large scale longwall face equipment were imported from Germany and United Kingdom to increase production in the 1970 s and great effort was made to improve them to suit U.S. conditions, rather than domestic market. Automation began with the development of electrohydraulic shields in 1984 and continue to present. Introduction of first generation semi-automated longwall system occurred in 1995 and step-to-step improvement continues to present following the development of sensor technology and internet of things(IOT). Since then, emphasis on new development has been concentrated on the improvement of equipment reliability, miner's health and safety as well as production, including dust control techniques, proximity sensor, anti-collision and remote control. Automation is classified into two categories: automation of individual face equipment and automation of longwall system. The automation development of longwall system is divided into three stages: shearer-initiated-shield-advance(SISA), semi-automated longwall system, and remote control shearer.
引文
[1]Spindler GR.The history of US longwall mining.Coal Age 1996;101(9):122-5.
[2]Peng SS.Longwall mining.2nd ed.Morgantown:S.S.Peng;2006.
[3]Junker M,Lemke M.Technical developments in coal winning.Essen,Germany:Vulkan Verlag;2018.p.522.
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[5]Nelson MG.Simulation of boundary coal thickness sensor.Morgantown:West Virginia University;1989.
[6]Komatsu.Longwall controls and automation-longwall system,unpublished PPT presentation;2018,12 PPTs.
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[8]Ralston JC,Reid DC,Dunn MT,Hainsworth DW.Delivering enabling technology to achieve safer and more productive underground mining.Int J Min Sci Technol 2015;25(6):865-76.
[9]Peng SS.Longwall automation grows.Coal Min 1987;24(5):55-61.
[10]Zamora A,Trackemas J.Longwall automation:making mining safer through technology.In:Proceedings of 2013 Longwall USA Conference&Exhibit.Pittsburgh,PA.p.8-13.
[11]Fiscor S.Improved Safety and Productivity through Advanced Shearer Automation.COAL AGE 2017;22(7):16-23.
[12]Coal Age.US Longwall Census 2018;123(1):26-28.
[13]Kopex Group.Experience from operating an automated longwall system Pniowek Coal Mine,PPT presentation at the USA Longwall Conference and Exhibit,Pittsburgh,PA;2013.
[2]Peng SS.Longwall mining.2nd ed.Morgantown:S.S.Peng;2006.
[3]Junker M,Lemke M.Technical developments in coal winning.Essen,Germany:Vulkan Verlag;2018.p.522.
[4]Bessinger S.CONSOL refines automated longwall.Coal 1991;12:41-3.
[5]Nelson MG.Simulation of boundary coal thickness sensor.Morgantown:West Virginia University;1989.
[6]Komatsu.Longwall controls and automation-longwall system,unpublished PPT presentation;2018,12 PPTs.
[7]CSIRO Exploration and mining and CRC mining.Landmark Longwall Automation Project,final report.CSIRO:ACARP project C10100;2005.
[8]Ralston JC,Reid DC,Dunn MT,Hainsworth DW.Delivering enabling technology to achieve safer and more productive underground mining.Int J Min Sci Technol 2015;25(6):865-76.
[9]Peng SS.Longwall automation grows.Coal Min 1987;24(5):55-61.
[10]Zamora A,Trackemas J.Longwall automation:making mining safer through technology.In:Proceedings of 2013 Longwall USA Conference&Exhibit.Pittsburgh,PA.p.8-13.
[11]Fiscor S.Improved Safety and Productivity through Advanced Shearer Automation.COAL AGE 2017;22(7):16-23.
[12]Coal Age.US Longwall Census 2018;123(1):26-28.
[13]Kopex Group.Experience from operating an automated longwall system Pniowek Coal Mine,PPT presentation at the USA Longwall Conference and Exhibit,Pittsburgh,PA;2013.