摘要
建构和谐的社会主义社会是我国社会发展的目标,但社会和谐离不开家庭关系的和谐,特别是在当今这个家庭人口迁移频繁、多元文化相互交融的背景下,更需要一个和谐融洽的家庭关系。所以,建构和谐的家庭关系显得尤为重要。从社会心理学的视角来看,类似祖孙关系之类的家庭人际关系应该是一个非常值得重视的问题。但遗憾的是,到目前为止对于祖孙关系的研究多见于人类学、社会学等学科理论背景下,而基于心理学的研究则相对少见。且已有研究中还存在深度不够、方法单一、缺乏多方法的交叉整合等问题。基于此,特以民族心理学和社会心理学理论为基础,并采用文献法、问卷调查法和个案研究法等方法对贵州民族地区的912名大学生进行多层面、多角度的系统研究。研究结果发现:(1)成年初期祖孙关系的结构包括教育影响、祖孙冲突、亲密共享、关注投资和祖孙疏远五个维度。据此编制的成年初期祖孙关系问卷具有良好的信度和效度,各项指标均达到心理测量学的标准;(2)成年初期祖孙关系整体特点为:大部分人受祖父母关注和影响比较高,冲突也很明显,且几乎都和祖父母还有接触,只是接触频率不高,亲密感也不明显;(3)其他家庭人际关系(父-祖关系、父母关系、亲子关系)对祖孙关系都具有明显的影响效果,而且母亲的中介作用显著大于父亲,亲子关系对祖孙关系具有显著的负向影响效果;(4)孙子女生活轨迹变迁可以使祖孙交流方式和接触频率发生一定的变化,但并不一定会减弱祖孙之间的情感。此外,祖孙关系还受到祖孙之间生活习惯、文化思想、性别差异、居住距离、祖父母经济条件和健康状况等诸多因素的影响;(5)个案研究结果进一步证实母亲与祖母的关系对祖孙关系影响最显著;同性祖孙之间更容易发生共享行为,但祖孙性别差异对亲密性影响不显著;孙辈生活轨迹变迁会降低祖孙接触频率;祖父母重男轻女的思想会影响祖孙关系;父母工作性质也会影响祖孙关系。
Building a harmonious socialist society is the goal of Chinese society development, but society harmony depends on the harmony of families. it is important to build a harmonious family relationship especially under the background of the modern family population migration frequently and multicultural interaction influences. Although from the perspective of social psychology, family relationships should be a very important issue such as the relationship between grandparents and grandchildren relationship. unfortunately, so far many researches on grandparents and grandchildren relationship were based on anthropology and sociology discipline theory but relative rarity based on psychology. At the mean time, many problems existed in those studies such as lacking in depth in theory and methods which are simples and lack of cross-integration. The ways of documentary, questionnaire investigation and case study were chosen to study the grandparents and grandchildren relationships multi-level and systematically on basis of the social and ethnic Psychological theory, 912 college student were invited to complete the questionnaire in ethnic areas Guizhou. Results showed:(1) Construction of relationship between two generations includes five dimensions: education influence, conflict, intimacy and sharing, attention and estrangement. The result not only indicated that psychometric index of the grandparents and adult grandchildren relationships questionnaire had a good performance, but also indicated the theoretical construct that was reasonable.(2) the overall characteristics of grandparents and adulthood grandchildren relationship: Most people who get grandparents' attention and influence is relatively high, meanwhile the conflict and contact between them are obvious. Now, the young still contact with their grandparents, but the contact frequency is not high and the intimacy is not obvious.(3) other family relationships(parent-grandparent relationship, parental relationship, parent-children relationship) have a significant impact on relationship between two generations, but mother's effect of intermediary is significantly greater than father's, and parent-child relationship has a negative effect on relationship between two generations.(4) Grandchildren' life-trajectory can change intercommunion and contact frequency between grandparents and grandchildren, but it doesn't weaken their affection. In addition, relationship between two generations also be affected by many factors, such as living habit, cultural difference, gender difference and residence distance, economic conditions and physical condition of grandparents and so on.(5) The case study results are confirmed: The mother and grandmother relationship had a significantly positive effect on the grandparents and grandchildren relationship; Sharing behavior is much easier to appear on same-sex between grandparents and grandchildren, but the gender difference between grandparents and grandchildren had an insignificant affect on the intimacy; Grandchildren' life-trajectory change will reduce the contact frequency between grandparents and grandchildren; patriarchal mentality will affect the grandparents and grandchildren relationship; the nature of their parents' job will also affect the grandparents and grandchildren relationship.
引文