摘要
随着经济飞速发展,员工心理健康越来越得到关注。蓝领工人是以体力劳动为主的工资收入者,工作刻板单调,工作环境和劳动强度都不容乐观,易导致负面情绪,其心理健康较为突出。有研究表明一线工人中可能抑郁和肯定抑郁的比例共达到22.7%。抑郁不仅给员工带来巨大的身心负担,造成绩效下降,也会给企业造成经济损失。工作塑造则从个人工作自我再设计的角度为员工心理健康的自我干预、改善提供了新方式。工作塑造是指员工在工作过程中自行对于自己的工作任务或工作关系边界做出的物理和认知改变;能够让员工有更积极地工作体验,从而促进积极产出和个人知识的改变、自信水平与自我效能感的提升等。然而由于研究工具的限制,先前多数关于工作塑造的相关研究大多局限于定性研究或理论研究;基于工作要求-资源模型的工作塑造理论框架(Tims&Bakker,2010)的提出,为相应的测评工具的开发奠定了理论基础,同时也为探讨工作塑造行为与员工心理健康间作用机制提供了良好视角。本研究力求在前人测量工具基础上,探索中国文化背景下蓝领工人的工作塑造行为表现及其与心理健康的关系。研究一中基于280份数据的验证性因素分析表明工作塑造行为区分别为6个维度——增加挑战性工作要求、减少社会性工作要求、增加社会性工作资源、增加数量性工作要求、减少阻碍性工作要求及增加工作结构资源。研究二第一阶段666份数据再次验证该结构,且表明量表在年龄等人口统计学变量上具有区分效度;第二阶段获得352份匹配数据,相关分析表明量表重测信度为0.73;结构方程分析表明工作塑造行为(特别是增加挑战性工作要求、增加社会性工作资源、增加数量性工作要求、及增加工作结构资源四个维度)能够有效降低员工工作倦怠以及提高工作投入水平,进而对员工心理健康(抑郁、一般心理健康、焦虑)产生积极影响。
With the rapid development of the economy, the mental health of employees obtained more and more attention. Blue-collar workers are mainly manual wage earners with rigid monotonous work,and their environmental and physical strength are not optimistic, which easily lead to negative emotions,their mental health status deserves attention. A study shows that the workers might depression and depression certainly ratio reached a total of 22.7%。Depression not only bring employees a huge mental burden, resulting in decreased performance, but also causing economic loss to the enterprise. Job crafting will provide a new angle and method for the study of the mental health. Job crafting has been defined as the physical and cognitive changes individuals make in their task or relational boundaries. Job crafting can make employees have more positive work experience, so as to promote positive output and the change of personal knowledge, confidence and self-efficiency,etc.. However, due to limitations of the study tools, the most of the previous studies about job crafting are limited to qualitative research or theoretical research;The concept of the JD-R model laid the theoretical foundation for the development of appropriate measurement tool, at the same time provides a good view of exploring the relationship between job crafting and the mental health of workers. This study is to explore the job crafting and the relationship between job crafting and mental health in Chinese context, based on previous measurement tools. In the pilot study,the EFA based on 280 questionnaires shows that the job crafting is composed of six factors: Increasing challenging job demands, Decreasing social job demands, Increasing social job resources, Increasing quantitative job demands, Decreasing hindering job demands and Increasing structural job resources. In the first stage of main study, 666 questionnaires verified the structure again, also shows that the scale has discriminant validity on demographic variables; the second stage obtained 352 matching questionnaires. Correlation analysis showed that the test-retest reliability was 0.73; SEM analysis indicated that job crafting(especially the factors of Increasing challenging job demands,Increasing social job resources,Increasing quantitative job demands and Increasing structural job resources) can effectively reduce job burnout and improve work engagement, and produce a positive impact on employees' mental health(depression, general mental health and anxiety).
引文