摘要
近年来许多抗病毒药物在环境水体中被检出,有必要关注它们的环境转化行为[1]。光解是有机污染物在表层水环境中重要的消除途径。抗病毒药物在水环境中的光解行为以及水中溶解性物质对其光解的影响鲜有报道。本研究测定了三种抗病毒药物,阿昔洛韦、齐多夫定和拉米夫定在天然水中的光解动力学参数并考察了溶解性物质对其光解行为的影响。研究发现,水环境中阿昔洛韦和拉米夫定的光解主要以间接光解为主,齐多夫定的光解主要以直接光解为主。在河水中,硝酸根离子能够促进三种抗病毒药物的光解,碳酸氢根离子促进了阿昔洛韦的光解,溶解性有机质促进了阿昔洛韦和拉米夫定的光解。在海水中,齐多夫定的光解受到了卤素离子的抑制作用,拉米夫定的光解受到了卤素离子和离子强度的促进作用,阿昔洛韦的光解不受卤素离子和离子强度的影响。另外,采用竞争动力学的方法,测定了三种抗病毒药物与1O2和·OH反应的二级速率常数。本研究结果对于评价抗病毒药物在水环境中的转化行为和生态风险具有一定意义。
Antiviral Drugs have been widely detected in aquatic environment.Photodegradation is an important elimination process for many organic pollutants in surface waters.In this study,photolysis of three antiviral drugs,acyclovir,zidovudine,and lamivudine,were investigated in pure water,fresh water,and seawater.Results showed that in fresh water,nitrate enhanced the photodegradation of the three antiviral drugs,bicarbonate promoted the photodegradation of acyclovir,and dissolved organic matter accelerated the photolysis of acyclovir and lamivudine.In seawater,the photolysis of acyclovir was not susceptible to Cl-,Br-and ionic strength;however,the photolysis of zidovudine was inhibited by Cl-and Br-,and the photolysis of lamivudine was enhanced by Cl-,Br-and ionic strength.Second-order reaction rate constants for the three antiviral drugs with 1O2 and ·OH were also measured.These results are helpful for fate and ecological risk assessment of the three antiviral drugs in natural aquatic environment.
引文
[1]Prasse,C.;Schlüesener,M.P.;Schulz,R.;Ternes,T.A.Environ.Sci.Technol.2010,44(5):1728.