摘要
中国目前的义务教育阶段,由于不断强化竞争机制,容易引起学生之间的冲突,产生隔阂。班级里为了分数争输赢的气氛浓厚,对别人的挫折和失败幸灾乐祸的风气盛行。这种教育的基本理念是将自己的成功建立在别人失败的基础之上。因此学生容易养成一种不良的竞争意识和利己行为,不懂得与别人相处与交往,缺乏合作意识。
我国古代的《学记》早就说过“独学而无友,则孤陋而寡闻。”①联合国教科文组织调查和研究认为,“学会合作,学会交往,学会生存”②是新世纪教育的显著特征,这也意味着在我们今后的学校教育工作中,应该从让学习者掌握3R(读写算—reading, wtiting&arithmetic)转向掌握3T(精通技术、团结协作与知识迁移—technology, teaming&transference)
2011年修订后的义务教育英语课标准提出了“加强学习策略指导,提高学生自主学习能力”的教学建议；在情感态度、学习策略的二级标准中,增加了“在小组活动中能与其他同学积极配合和合作”等内容。③著名教育者桂诗春认为“语言的使用既离不开规则,也离不开策略”④培养学生的学习策略,就是把学生看作学习的主人,改变教师角色、改变教学模式,真正地落实学生在学习活动中的主体作用。
教育的根本目的是服务于或促进人的发展,参与式小组教学以学生的发展与学习需要为宗旨,让每一个学生都能在群体中找到自己的位置同时得到发展。这种教学方式可以培养出具有健全人格综合素质强的创新型人才。
本文论述了小组教学的定义、理论基础、作用与特点,并在日常教学实践中进行探究,重点阐述小组教学在小学英语课堂中实施的具体步骤和方法以及它的效用研究,最后指出研究的不足,对进一步深入研究进行展望。
The current education system in China is one which breeds a sense of keen competition amongst peers, creating unnecessary conflict and enmities in the process. This further escalates to create a self-centered attitude in which one deliberately looks down upon others, seeking satisfaction and joy out of seeing others fail-this thinking impedes on the desire to socialize and cooperate, creating a generation of youths who generally lack the ability to work with others in a team.
A quick reference to past teachings brings up a certain line from "Learning" it says "One may be learned, but is still nothing without peers." which essentially means to say the very concept of individualism achieves nothing. Research shows the importance of (1) cooperation,(2) socialization, and (3) survival in modern day teaching modules; that essentially means a shift from the previous focus on the3Rs (reading, writing, arithmetic) to the3Ts (technology, teaming, transference) instead.
The2011revision of the standard of modern day English teaching suggested that a more focused method of guidance should be employed, with the primary aim of promoting self-initiated learning in students. The secondary aim of the system should be aimed at developing each and every student's ability to work with others around them, taking initiative to engage in conversation as well as volunteering for responsibilities in a team. As the renowned GuiSichun once said,"The very structure of any language itself has a set of fixed rules-it is up to the learner to develop strategies to learn those rules."Students should be made to think of a personalized strategy for learning, with personal goals and targets to meet, such that the tutors can provide for a customized learning process, which will enable students to put what they learned into practical use in everyday life.
The very basis of education is to provide for personal improvement-with this in mind, focus groups need to base their objectives on the development of each student, taking care of their learning needs as well as helping them to establish their roles and responsibilities in a team. This wholesome approach in turn cultivates a responsible attitude and creative sense in each and every student, which renders them as assets to the society.
This short piece talks about the importance of focus groups, self-initiated learning, and teamwork in modern day education systems, which should be made the main objectives in providing an efficient and wholesome learning process for students-most especially in that of language learning.
引文
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