中国知名企业营销失败研究
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摘要
上个世纪末波及全球的东南亚金融危机,造成东南亚地区的
    经济倒退、企业倒闭;在国内,“巨人”倒下、“太阳神”下山、“飞龙”落地、
    “标王”破产,一大批知名企业被营销危机和营销失败笼罩,过去曾是领导
    市场潮流风云企业,而现在却陷入亏损甚至破产的困境;随着我国WTO的
    加入,国内竞争逐步发展为国际的竞争,竞争日渐激烈,市场的竞争将由国
    内的、局部的、不完整的竞争转向国际化的、全方位的竞争,市场特点将由
    国内市场的国际化变为国际市场的国内化,更多的企业将面临营销失败。
    营销失败是由于营销危机引发营销活动的崩溃,破坏了企业可持续营销
    的状态。营销失败的界定方法有企业自定义法、媒体评价法、专家意见法、
    资料判断法。
    营销失败研究的提出有坚实的理论基础。马克思“惊险一跃”理论是营
    销失败提出的出发点,马克思的流通理论(包括交换价值理论、竞争理论、
    商业危机理论、货币安全理论)、马克思的价格理论、马克思经济危机理论为
    营销失败的研究指出了方向,提供了依据。
    本论文以实证的方法,选取有一定规模、全国知名、在经济生活中影响
    巨大或造成恶劣影响,社会反响强烈、或反映了我国新兴证券市场上市公司
    某种普遍作法的30家知名企业为样本,采用科学的方法,将影响企业营销失
    败的因素归纳为环境、市场、战略、策略、运作五大方面,从市场营销学的
    角度重点探讨了影响企业营销失败的因素,并且对影响因素进行了分析,得
    出了这样的结论:对企业营销失败影响最大的因素是策略因素,位列第二位
    的因素是战略因素。值得注意的是企业盲目多元化带来的恶果是十分严重的,
    由它造成的企业营销失败占到了战略因素的53%;在17个子因素中也接近
    14%,超过第二位6个百分点,高居17个子因素榜首。
    
     论文最后在营销失败因素研究、分析的基础上提出了对企业营销失败进
    行管理的思想,并对如何进行营销失败管理作了初步的探讨。
In the end of last century, North-east Asia financial crisis, which waved around the world, resulted in the economy falling back and the bankruptcy of many enterprises. Interior of the country, a great number of famous groups were threatened by the marketing crisis and marketing failure. As "JUREN GROUP" fell down, "TAIYANGSHEN GROUP" went down, "FEILONG GROUP" hit the ground and many advertising kings broke down, some of the excellent companies, which had ever presented the market trend, are now sinking into the condemn of general debility or even bankruptcy. Since our country takes part in the WTO, the competition will turn from the domestic, partial, un-integrate one to the one of international and overall. The characters of marketplace will change into domestic international-marketplace from the ever international domestic-one, thus more business face with marketing failure.
    The marketing failure is the marketing maneuver collapse caused by the marketing crisis, which inevitable destroys the durative marketing state. Among the sorting methods are the enterprises itself defining method, press appraising method, expert suggesting method and data justifying method.
    The research of marketing failure is based on the substantial theoretic foundation. The "thrilling bound" theory of Marx is the start-point of the research. Then the exchanging theory including value theory, competing theory, commercial crisis theory and currency theory, the price theory and economy crisis theory of his point out the direction of the research and provide the basis.
    The paper chooses 30 famous enterprises, which are national-known, certain scale and had ever deep influenced the economy or brought about bad influence, or the
    
    
    
    enterprises which reflects the common pattern of going on market company in rising bond market. Using the scientific standards, the article generalizes the marketing failure factors as five sides: environment, marketplace, strategy, tactics and operation. The factors which result in the marketing failure are explored and analyzed in the aspect of marketing theory.
    Based on the analysis and research of marketing failure, the last of paper expounds the thoughts of how to manage the marketing failure, and also gives some elementary discussing conclusions.
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