河北省太行山区土地资源适宜性评价
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摘要
土地适宜性评价是近20年来国内外土地资源研究的最主要内容,可为土地资源合理开发利用提供科学、可靠的基础依据。土地资源适宜性评价属于土地评价的范畴,其任务是根据土地适宜性确定土地的最佳利用方向;根据土地的限制性因素类型及其强度,因地制宜地制定治理和改造措施,为合理利用、科学地管理规划土地服务。本文对土地资源适宜性评价的原则、内容及方法作了较详尽的阐述;简要介绍了地理信息系统GIS(Geographic Information System)的功能和发展并分析了利用GIS进行土地资源适宜性评价的可行性和必要性;简要介绍了地理信息系统软件MapInfo和ArcView等相关软件的功能特点,制定了河北省太行山区土地资源适宜性评价的技术路线。
     本研究进行太行山区土地资源适宜性评价的具体做法是:首先,根据选择评价因素的原则确立了用于太行山土地资源适宜性评价的13个评价因素。其次,应用层次分析法确定了各因素的权重,采用网格法确定土地适宜性评价单元。然后,利用土层厚度、灌溉保证率、土壤质地等13个评价因素的图形资料和有关数据资料分别建立了各因素的空间和属性数据库,利用地理信息系统软件进行叠加分析,生成土地适宜性评价图,得到宜农地、宜林地、宜牧地及其各自分等的数量与空间分布。土地适宜性评价结果表明,河北省太行山区宜农、宜林、宜牧地面积分别为:1102120公顷、1253587公顷、682513.3公顷,分别占土地总面积的35.7%、40.6%、22.1%。通过比较现状与适宜性评价结果,对河北省太行山区上地利用空间结构调整从数量与地域的角度进行了分析,针对太行山区土地利用障碍因素的基础上,对河北省太行山区今后的土地资源利用提出了合理化的建议。
     在整个工作过程中,各环节紧密相连,成果图的输出实现了自动化,既节约了时间提高了效率,又提高了精度,适宜性评价的结果客观准确地反映了当地的实际情况,对河北省太行山区今后土地农林牧结构调整提供了依据,并对山区土地资源适宜性评价研究以及土地利用空间结构调整具有重要的参考和借鉴意义。
Land suitabiltiy evaluation is the most major content of land resource research in last 20 years, which can offer scientific reliable foundation basis for land resource development and use reasonably. Land resource suitabiltiy evaluation belongs to the category of land evaluation, and its task is to definite the best land use direction according to the land suitability. According to the restricted factor type and its strength of land, the administer and reform measure is to be established in accordance with local conditions, to serve for using reasonably and managing program land scientifically. This article elaborated the principle, content and method of land resource suitabiltiy evaluation in detail. The development and function of GIS (Geographic Information System) has been introduced briefly and the necessity and feasibility of land resource suitabiltiy evaluation by GIS have been analysesed. The function and characteristic of the GIS software such as Maplnfo and ArcView have been introduced briefly, an
    d the technologic route of the suitablity evaluation of Taihang mountainous areas land resources in Hebei province have been established.
    It is that this research carries out the specific practice of land resource suitabiltiy evaluation: First, according to the principle of selecting the evaluated factors, the 13 evaluation factors used in the land resource suitabiltiy evaluation have been defined. Secondly, the weight of each factor has been calculated by the measure of Analytic Hierarchy Process and the unit of the land suitability evaluation application has been determined with grid law. Then, the spacial database of each factor has been established using the relevant data information and the graph information of 13 evaluation factors such as earth layer thickness, irrigation guarantee rate and soil structure and so on. The result of the land suitabiltiy evaluation would be obtained after the overlaying analysis by using GIS software. Then we got the classified quantity and space distribution of the land that is suitable for farming, forest and herd of Taihang mountainous areas land resources in Hebei province. The land suitabiltiy evaluati
    on result shows that the area of the land suitable farming, forestry and herd of Taihang mountainous areas in Hebei province is 1,102,120 ha, 1253586.7 ha and 682286.7 ha, and take 22.1%, 40.6% and the 35.7% of land gross area respectively. Comparing present situation and the result of the suitabiltiy evaluation, the spacial adjustment of land use structure of Taihang mountainous areas in Hebei province
    
    
    has been analysed in the angle of quantity and region. The rational advice have been put forward on land use of the in the future on the basis of anylasing the obstacle factor of land use in Taihang mountainous areas.
    In the whole process of the work, one step was linked with another closely, and the procession of calculating coefficients and the outputting of the final map realized autoimmunization, which have economized time, risen the efficiency and raised precision. The result of Land suitabiltiy evaluation of Taihang mountainous areas land resources in Hebei province reflect the local fact, and the farming, forestry and herd structural adjustment have been offered in land use in the future.
    The article have important reference and reference meaning for the land resource suitabiltiy evaluation research of mountainous area as well as land use spacial structural adjustment.
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