摘要
本文对双芯光子晶体光纤的耦合机理及其在新型光纤耦合器件设计、色散补偿和折射率传感等方面的应用进行了相关的研究。
提出了一类新的同时基于全内反射和光子带隙效应两种导光机制的并排双芯光子晶体光纤,对其耦合特性进行了数值模拟和理论分析,发现了对称双芯光纤中的耦合长度具有局部极大值、超模交替截止和双芯退耦合等新现象,超模和高折射率柱中谐振模对称性的相对变化在其中起着重要作用。
设计了分光比可调的定向耦合器和工作状态可调的双波长耦合器,对它们的工作原理进行了分析和说明,给出了它们的工作参数随折射率的变化关系。
提出了光子晶体光纤中泄漏模完全耦合的条件,通过对所设计的新型同轴双芯光子晶体光纤双芯耦合特性的研究,证实了光子晶体光纤中泄漏模间的完全耦合不仅要求满足相位匹配条件,还要求耦合模式传播常数虚部之差小于耦合强度系数的两倍。
提出了一种基于双芯耦合模式可选择的色散补偿光子晶体光纤,能够根据实际需要动态地选择耦合模式,可以在取得较高负色散值(-36000ps/nm/km)的同时获得尽可能大的模场面积(34.8μm~2),以减小色散补偿过程中非线性效应带来的不利影响。
研究了有限外包层光子晶体光纤的纤芯模损耗特性,发现了纤芯模存在耦合引起的损耗峰,峰的位置与光纤外包层的大小和外部介质的折射率有关,可以通过测量纤芯模耦合损耗峰的位置来测量外部介质的折射率。
本文的研究成果对光子晶体光纤的双芯耦合机理和相关应用的深入研究具有重要的参考价值。
In this dissertation, the mechanisms of dual-core coupling in photonic crystal fibers (PCFs) are analyzed and its applications in novel designs of fiber couplers, dispersion compensating and refractive index sensing are also discussed.
A new type of paratactic symmetrical dual-core PCFs based on two guiding mechanisms of total internal reflection and photonic bandgap effects simultaneously is proposed, whose coupling properties are investigated numerically and theoretically. There are several special coupling features such as the existences of local maxima, alternative cutoffs of supermodes, mode decoupling between the two cores and so on. It is found that the relative change between the symmetries of supermodes and inclusion resonant modes play an important role in the coupling.
A splitting ratio tunable directional coupler and a dual-wavelength coupler with tunable work stations are proposed and their work principles are illuminated. The relations between their work parameters and the refractive index of high-index inclusion are also presented.
The conditions of complete coupling between leaky modes in PCFs are put forward. By investigating the coupling properties of proposed concentric dual-core PCFs, it is proved that complete coupling between leaky modes in PCFs requires not only satisfying the phase matching condition, but also that the difference between imaginary parts of mode propagation constant is less than two times of the coupling strength coefficient.
Based on the coupling in concentric dual-core PCFs, a new dual-core PCF with optional mode coupling is proposed. Its coupling modes can be selected according to the requirements, and as high as -36000ps/nm/km negative dispersion and as large as 34.8μm~2 mode field area can be obtained at the same time. This merit is helpful to decrease the disadvantageous influence of nonlinear effects during the dispersion compensating.
The confinement loss of index-guiding PCFs with finite outer cladding is analyzed. It is found that there are coupling-induced loss peaks for the core mode and the locations of loss peaks are related with the diameter of outer cladding and the refractive index of external medium. It is suggested that the refractive index of external medium can be surveyed by measuring the variations of loss peaks of the core mode.
The research results have important reference value for the further study on dual-core coupling mechanisms and relevant applications.
引文
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