摘要
温室是设施农业的重要组成部分,是现代农业发展的重点之一。温室种植的实践经验表明,提高温室的自动控制水平可充分发挥温室生产的效率;我国广大农户购买能力有限,而市场上现有的针对现代温室环境的智能监控系统成本高、价格贵、使用较为复杂。针对这一问题,本文设计了一种成本较低、集温室大棚环境监控和自动灌溉于一体的监测与控制系统。
系统利用P87C552单片机实现对温室环境参数的实时检测,并根据实时数据和控制模型,对温室通风、遮阳、滴灌等系统进行控制,使温室内温、湿度环境参数处于设定值之间。系统主要由环境参数测量模块、数据存储模块、模糊决策模块、实时控制模块和系统参数设定模块等几部分组成。
环境参数测量模块主要检测温室内温度、湿度和光照度,其中温度和光照度由AD590和硅光电池敏感元件采集后,通过处理电路,输出相应的信号,湿度传感器选用集成电路HM1500。系统集成后,分别对传感器进行了校验和标定,数据表明其满足温室测量需要。
数据处理模块由数据存储、显示以及声、光报警等部分构成,其中数据存储选用串行接口的AT24C256,数据显示电路选用并行扩展芯片8155和LED分别显示时间、温度、湿度以及光照度信息。当环境内某一环境因子超出预先设定的上、下限报警值或系统运行出现故障时,由蜂鸣器和发光二极管进行报警。
模糊决策模块由模糊控制器组成。使用温湿度误差和误差的变化率作为模糊控制器的输入量,遮阳网和侧窗开度作为系统的输出,采用三角形为隶属度曲线,按照模糊控制规则对系统进行了设计,并通过Matlab进行了仿真。
实时控制模块是采用光电隔离方式驱动继电器,从而实现对遮阳网、侧窗和滴灌系统的控制。其中光电耦合选用TLP521-4和TLP521-2,继电器选用JZC-23F。
系统参数设定模块包括温度、湿度、光照度等设定值以及时间参数的设定。
在安装、调试完成的基础上,对系统进行了温室控制对比试验,结果显示外遮阳网和侧窗的开关时序基本一致,而喷灌和滴灌的开关时序相差较大。
Greenhouse is not only an important part of facility agriculture, but also one of the developing emphases of modern developing agriculture. The experience of the greenhouse management has proved that improving greenhouse automation can increase the efficiency of greenhouse production. The purchases ability of farmers is limited in our country, and the purchasable intelligent monitor and control system for the greenhouse environment are expensive and complicated. In this paper a control system with lower price was designed for greenhouse control and automatic irrigation.
This system can monitor greenhouse environment using P87C552 SCM, and control the greenhouse ventilation device, solar protection device, and drip irrigation system in order to let temperature and humidity among setpoints.It mainly included environmental parameters measuring module, data processing module, fuzzy decision-making module, real-time controlling module, and system parameters setting module.
The environmental parameters measuring module mainly measured temperature, humidity and illumination in the greenhouse. It gathered temperature and illumination by the AD590 and the silicon photocell sensor, then output relevant signal. HM1500 was selected as humidity sensor. After integration, sensors were checked and calibrated; data indicated that it met the need of greenhouse measurement.
The data processing module included data storage, display and sound and light alarm. Serial interface chip AT24C256 was selected as data storage; parallell extending chip 8155 as data display and LED as time, temperature, humidity and illumination display respectively. When some environmental values exceeded the setting upper and lower limit or faults come out, control system would send out alarm by buzzer and LED.
The fuzzy decision-making module consisted by fuzzy controller. Using error and its rate of temperature and humidity to be the input values of fuzzy controller, the opening angle of shading and window were output. Triangle had been adopted as subjection curve, and the system was designed and simulated by Matlab according to the fuzzy control rules.
The real-time control module had adopted the photo-electricity isolation to drive relay in order to control shading, window and drip irrigation system. The chips of photo-electricity were selected TLP521-4 and TLP521-2; and relay JZC-23F.
The system parameters pre-setting module consisted of temperature, humidity, illumination and time parameters setting.
After installation, contrast experiments had been conducted between well-controlled greenhouse and designed system. It showed shading and windows control had the same time sequence almostly between each other, but time sequence was different between drip and spray irrigation systems.
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