干散货航运FFA市场波动溢出效应研究
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摘要
国际航运市场需求是国际贸易的派生需求,由于国际航运市场的发展受到国际政治、经济、技术以及自然环境等因素的影响,因此国际航运市场尤其是干散货航运市场的波动性异常剧烈,风险性异常高,而作为航运市场上规避风险的一种重要方式,航运衍生品FFA,兼具航运市场和金融市场的双重特性,越来越受到人们的追捧。然而干散货航运FFA市场作为一种航运衍生品,一种特殊的金融市场产品,和一般的金融市场产品一样,也具有波动溢出效应。把握这种波动溢出效应对航运市场经营者来说,可以更好地经营航运市场,在剧烈的市场变动中利于不败之地。因此,研究干散货航运FFA市场的波动溢出效应就显得尤为重要。
     本文在定性分析的基础上,以特定航线(C5和P3A航线)为例,通过定量模型研究了干散货航运FFA市场与即期市场之间的波动溢出效应,这里主要的定量模型有双变量的EGARCH和VS-MSV模型,EGARCH模型是将一个市场的均值方程的误差带入到另一个市场的波动方程中,从而考察了一个市场对另外一个市场的波动溢出效应,VS-MSV模型是通过计算不同市场时间序列的对数波动项的相关系数,来确定两个市场之间的波动溢出效应的。通过定性分析与定量模型的结合使用,可以很好地描述两个市场之间的波动溢出效应。
     本文的研究结果,自2008年金融危机以来,C5和P3A航线上一月期FFA市场和三月期FFA市场与即期市场之间均存在波动溢出效应,而且该波动溢出效应都是单向的,即即期市场对一月期FFA市场和三月期FFA市场具有明显的波动溢出效应,在相反方向上波动溢出效应则不是很明显;就即期市场对FFA市场的波动溢出效应来看,即期市场对一月期FFA市场的波动溢出效应比即期市场对三月期FFA市场的波动溢出效应更加明显。
     通过本文的研究,可以帮助我国航运市场参与者利用更好地FFA这一风险管理工具进行价格预测、套期保值、规避市场风险。
International shipping market demand is the international trade derived demand, the development of the international shipping market, especially dry bulk shipping market, is effected by international politics, economy, technology and natural environment factors,so its volatility is abnormal violent, and full of risk, shipping derivatives FFA,as an important way of avoiding risk on shipping market, having Both shipping market and the financial market characteristics, is more and more popular. However dry bulk shipping FFA market as a shipping derivatives, a special kind of financial market products, comparing with general financial market products, also has the fluctuation spillover effect. In order to survive in the severe shipping market, and obtain greater development, our shipping market operator should grasp this volatility spillover effect. Therefore, the dry bulk shipping FFA market volatility spillover effect is particularly important.
     On the basis of qualitative analysis, through quantitative model of particular course (C5 and P3A routes), this paper research the volatility spillover effect of dry bulk shipping the FFA market and spot market. Here the main quantitative model include the double variables of the EGARCH and VS-MSV mode, EGARCH model introduces error of the mean equations to the wave equation from one market another market, Thus investigate volatility spillover effect, VS-MSV model,by calculating different market fluctuations of time sequence of a logarithm correlation coefficient, determine the fluctuations overflow effect between two markets.
     The study shows:since 2008,when financial crisis happened, there are fluctuation spillover effect between January and march FFA market and spot market of C5 and P3A lines, and the fluctuation spillover effect are one-way, namely the spot market has obvious fluctuation spillover effect to January and march FFA market, while the opposite direction fluctuation spillover effect is not obvious;compared to each other,the fluctuation spillover effect of January FFA market is more apparent then march.
     This study can help participants of China shipping market better use FFA, one risk management tools,forcast price, hedg,and elud market risk.
引文
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