摘要
面对充满变化的国际国内环境,如何提高企业绩效是企业生存的重要前提。组织学习是企业获取竞争优势,提高企业适应变化能力的最优路径。企业参与企业网络则可以获取网络资源,增强企业学习能力,进而提升企业绩效。本文就是要在归纳和借鉴国内外相关文献的基础上,研究在动态变化的市场、技术和信息环境下,企业网络关系的特征是如何影响组织学习能力进而影响企业绩效的问题。
在总结和归纳企业网络关系特征的四个维度,即企业网络关系广度、关系嵌入程度、知识和资源冗余和国际范围内的网络关系的基础上,分别研究企业与供应商、分销商、消费者、其它产业的企业、金融机构和研究机构等企业或非企业组织网络关系特征与组织学习、与企业绩效以及组织学习与企业绩效之间的关系,并将衡量市场、技术和信息的动态性的变量考虑进来,深入揭示企业网络关系、组织学习与企业绩效之间的关系。
论文首先对国内外关于组织学习已有的相关文献进行梳理,借此理清动态环境、企业网络、组织学习以及企业绩效的基本概念和相互关系,为本文理论框架的搭建奠定基础。然后,结合相关文献,提出动态环境下企业网络、组织学习和企业绩效三者之间关系的理论框架和研究假设,突出组织学习在企业网络与企业绩效关系间的中介作用,将企业网络特征拓展为企业网络关系广度、关系嵌入程度、知识或资源冗余以及国际范围的关系等四个维度,分别假设企业网络特征四个维度与组织学习、组织学习与企业绩效的相关关系,并提出动态环境对这些相关关系的扰动作用。最后,通过山东省济南市高新技术企业的实证研究验证理论框架及研究假设,讨论研究结论的应用和对企业战略管理制定和实施的实践作用。
论文主要采用文献检索及理论演绎推理、问卷抽样调查法和计量经济模型等方法展开分析和论述。在理论分析方面,主要通过文献检索、阅读和分析了解国内外相关研究的现状和方法,借助比较研究和理论演绎等方法,形成具体的研究思路、概念模型和研究假设。数据收集主要采用问卷抽样调查方法,先后经过了问卷设计、试调查、试调查结果分析、问卷调整和正式抽样调查等步骤,确保调查过程的科学性,为提高调查数据的效度提供了保证。利用因子分析、回归分析以及统计假设检验等计量统计分析方法,通过SPSS统计分析软件对理论框架和研究假设进行计量统计分析,以验证理论框架与研究假设是否成立。
研究主要在以下三个方面作出了一定的贡献。第一,在借鉴企业网络理论新发展的基础上,将企业网络特征划分为企业网络关系的广度、关系嵌入程度、知识或资源的冗余以及国际范围的网络关系等四个维度,深入考察不同维度如何通过组织学习对企业绩效产生影响,丰富和发展了企业网络、组织学习相关理论研究。第二,为揭示企业网络、组织学习和企业绩效的关系,在总结和归纳前人研究的基础上,发展了企业网络关系嵌入程度、知识或资源冗余、组织学习、公司绩效等研究量表。第三,对济南高新技术企业的实证研究,从产业角度发展了组织学习理论,证明了环境的动态性对高新技术企业组织学习的特殊影响。研究选取济南市高新技术企业作为研究的对象,一方面可以从企业角度揭示企业网络、组织学习和企业绩效之间的关系;另一方面可以从产业角度证明动态环境对高新技术产业中企业网络如何通过组织学习对企业绩效产生影响,从产业角度发展了组织学习理论。
论文的研究得出以下结论:第一,企业网络关系广度和国际范围的关系不是提升企业学习能力的主要影响因素。假设检验显示,企业国际范围的网络关系对企业学习能力的正向影响关系没有得到支持,企业网络关系广度对企业学习能力的正向影响关系也仅得到部分支持。也就是说,企业建立的网络关系多并不一定会提高企业学习能力。企业学习能力的提升依赖于接触到的信息和知识的深度和质量,这是仅靠网络关系的广度和接触更多国家的企业或非企业组织所不能达到的。另外,接触更多的信息和知识也可能会导致信息或知识过载的不良后果,这会大大降低企业处理信息的效率,对企业学习能力的提升是有负面影响的。可见,企业网络关系广度和国际范围的网络关系对组织学习能力的提升既有正面影响也有负面影响。
第二,企业网络关系密切程度和知识或资源冗余对企业学习能力具有重要的影响作用。研究显示,企业网络关系嵌入程度对企业学习能力的提升有显著的正向影响,而企业网络关系中的知识或资源冗余则对企业学习能力的提升有显著的负向影响。企业只有和其他企业与非企业组织的关系比较密切的时候,才有可能接触到更有深度和更高质量的信息和知识,这对企业学习能力的提升是有益的。而多余的重复的知识和资源则会大大降低企业处理信息的效率,造成过多资源浪费,对企业学习能力的提升是没有帮助的。
第三,企业学习能力是提升企业绩效的重要途径。研究显示企业学习能力对企业绩效是有显著正向影响的。这也是为什么随着组织学习理论研究的不断深入,越来越多企业更加重视组织学习,更强调要建设学习型组织的重要原因。企业学习能力的提升是一个长期的、系统的、战略性的工程,企业认清楚了这一点,就会在创新方面有更多的作为,对于提升企业绩效和竞争优势是非常重要的。研究还证实了组织学习在企业网络关系嵌入程度和知识或资源冗余与企业绩效关系之间关系的中介作用。这给企业的启示是,企业可以通过建立网络关系(尤其是密切的网络关系和避免知识或资源冗余)提升企业学习能力进而提升企业绩效。
第四,环境的动态性对于企业网络关系与企业学习能力之间,乃至对企业绩效的具有重要的影响作用。环境动态性对企业网络关系嵌入程度与企业学习能力间的关系具有明显加强作用,也就是市场环境动态性越强,企业越倾向于建立更为密切的网络关系,进而这种网络关系会大幅度提升企业学习能力。这样的加强作用在企业网络关系中知识或资源冗余与企业学习能力间的关系那里也得到了部分验证,环境动态性越强,企业越希望和自己具有互补性的企业或非企业组织建立网络关系,以进一步提升自己的学习能力。环境的动态性对企业关系广度与企业学习能力之间的关系以及企业国际范围的网络关系与企业学习能力之间的关系没有明显的加强作用。
Facing serious competition, organizational Learning capability becomes a key factor for firm to obtain competitive advantage and enhance the ability to adapt to changing competitive environment. More and more firms form alliances and inter-organizational networks in an attempt to improve organizational learning. On the basis of related literature, this paper tries to analysis how firm network characteristics affect organization learning ability and the firm performance in the dynamic environment of market, technology and information.
This paper summarizes 4 characteristics of firm network including extensiveness of out-ties, relational embeddedness, knowledge/resource redundancy and global scope of out-ties. These characteristics will be examined respectively in organization networks which constitute firms and its supplier, distributors, customers, firms in other industry, financial and research organizations. This paper wants to deeply reveal the relationship among network relationship, organization learning and firm performance through introducing variables measuring dynamic market, technology and information.
This paper will firstly arrange related literatures on organization learning in order to clarify some definition and relationship among firm network, organization learning, firm performance and dynamic environment. Then, theoretical framework and research hypotheses are proposed. Finally, literature framework and research hypotheses are examined by empirical research on hi-tech firms in Jinan, Shandong Province. Conclusion's application and its practice effect in setting up and implementing of firm strategy will also be discussed.
This paper adopts methods of literature searching, theoretical deduction, questionnaire and econometric model to analyze and discuss. In the aspect of theoretical analysis, we search, read and analyze literature in order to master the current situation and methods of related domestic and international study. And by using comparative study and theoretical deduction, we form our research idea, concept model and research hypotheses. Questionnaire method is adopted in data collection, which constitutes procedures of questionnaire design, pre-test, questionnaire adjust, formal questionnaire and so on. These procedures ensure the rationality of investigation process and enhance the validity of investigation data. To test the validity of theoretical framework and research hypotheses, we introduce statistical analysis methods, such as factor analysis, regression analysis and statistical hypothesis testing and so on. All statistical analysis is carried out by the statistical analysis software SPSS.
This paper makes contribution in 3 perspectives. First, this paper develops firm network theory. Firm network characteristics are depicted in 4 perspectives: extensiveness of out-ties, relational embeddedness, knowledge/resource redundancy and global scope of out-ties. How these 4 characteristics affect firm performance through organization learning is also deeply studied. All of these can help enrich and develop research on firm network and organization learning. Second, to reveal the relationship among firm network, organization learning and firm performance, this paper develop the research scales of embedded extent of relationship, redundancy of knowledge and resources, organization learning and firm performance. Third, empirical research on hi-tech firms in Jinan will help develop organization learning in the perspective of industry and proves dynamic environment's impact on the organization learning of hi-tech firms.
This paper draws following conclusions:
First, extensiveness and global scope of out-ties are not the key factors to enhance firm's learning ability. Hypothesis test shows that the positive impact of global scope of out-ties on firm's learning ability have not been supported. And the hypothesis that extensiveness of out-ties has the positive impact on firm's learning ability has only been partially supported. That is, the establishment of the firm network will not necessarily enhance the firm's learning ability. The promotion of firm's learning ability depends on the depth and quality of information and knowledge, which can not be achieved just by expanding the scope of firm network and contacting more organizations. In addition, if the firm achieves too much information and knowledge, it may leads to adverse effect of information overload, which may greatly reduce the firm's information processing efficiency and impose negative impact on the promotion of learning ability. Obviously, extensiveness and global scope of out-ties both have positive and negative influences on the promotion of learning ability.
Second, relational embeddedness, knowledge/resource redundancy has an important effect on the firm's learning capability. Studies shows that relational embeddedness has significantly positive influence on the learning ability's enhancement, but the knowledge or resources redundancy has remarkable negative influence. Only when firm is quite close with other organizations could it possibly achieves access to the information and knowledge with higher depth and quality, which is beneficial to the improvement of learning ability. But the unnecessary redundant knowledge and resources will greatly reduce the firm's information processing efficiency and cause resources waste excessively, which does no good to the improvement of learning ability.
Third, the firm's learning ability is vital to improve firm performance. Research shows that firm's learning ability has significantly positive effects on performance. This also explains why more and more firms lay emphasis on organizational learning and eager to develop learning organization with the development of organization learning theory. The improvement of firm's learning ability is a long-term, systematic and strategic project. When firm realizes this point, it will make more achievement in innovation, which is real important to improve firm performance and competitive advantage. The research also confirms that organization learning plays an intermediary function in the relations between relational embeddedness, knowledge/resource redundancy and firm performance. This tells firms that by establishing of relationships - in particular those possessing close relationship and avoiding resources or knowledge redundancy, firm can enhance the learning ability so as to improve firm performance.
Fourth, the dynamic environment has the important influence on the relations between firm network and learning ability, as well as firm performance. Dynamic environment can obviously strengthen the relations between firm network and learning ability. Such role also obtains partial confirmation in the relations between knowledge or resources redundancy and learning ability. When environment dynamic is stronger, firm has more expectation to establish network relations with complementary organizations so to enhance their learning ability. However, dynamic environment doesn't obviously strengthen the relations between extensiveness of out-ties and learning ability, as well as the relations between global scope of out-ties and learning ability.
引文
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