摘要
网球专修课作为高等体育院系的主干课程之一,在体育院系的教学中占有重要的地位。网球专修课程优化改革就是对新形式下高等体育院系网球教学如何适应基础教育改革,如何适应社会发展需求的研究与探讨。
文章采用问卷调查法,文献资料法,专家访谈法,数理统计法,逻辑分析法,对体育院系网球专修课的教学现状及教学环境进行了调查研究,并对网球专修课程如何适应新形势下的教学改革展开了分析讨论。调查表明:
1.网球课程教学指导思想与培养目标缺乏一致性,课程建设没有充分考虑社会发展的需要;
2.网球师资队伍的年龄结构比较合理,学历结构、职称结构有所欠缺,教师大都缺乏职后培训经历;
3.网球教科书与教学的实际需求存在差距;
4.教学场馆的建设难以满足学生上课、训练的需求;
5.教学内容选择体现了普修教学基础性和典型性特点,强调技战术教学,忽视能力培养,与基础体育课程需求有不相适应的地方;
6.教学方法与手段的使用上,仍以传统教学方法手段为主,教学方法及手段更新速度太慢,尤其是现代多媒体技术手段的使用率偏低;
7.网球专修课在对学生能力的培养上偏重于知识和技术的传授,以培养学生的专项技能为主,不利于学生实践和创新能力的培养;
8.网球专修课程教学考核评价的方法和评价主体单一,一般以终结性评价和教师评价为主,忽视了学生的个体差异及其主体地位。
另外,通过从经济、社会和政治三个层面对影响我国高等体育院系网球课程发展的有利和制约的环境因素展开分析讨论发现:课程开发与管理因素、教学管理体制因素、地方经济发展水平等对我国高等体育院系网球课程的发展起到了一定的制约作用。对此,笔者对我国高等体育院系网球课程的优化改革提出以下思路与对策:
1.结合先进教育思想,兼顾学科、社会、学生发展,明确课程目标;
2.优化网球课程的教学内容,完善教学内容体系;
3.从实践出发,灵活运用教学方法,全面提升学生的专项能力;
4.加强师资队伍建设,提高教师综合素质;
5.精心选编网球课程教材;
6.完善考核评价内容,建立多元评价方法及体系,确立多元评价主体。通过上述研究,以期为高等体育院系网球专修课程改革提供理论与实践上的帮助。
Tennis professional course is one of the major required courses for P.E courses at P.E institutes. The innovation of tennis courses is to research and explore how to adapt the education of tennis for P.E majors to the reformation of fundamental education and to the requirements of the social development.
In this article, various research methods including investigation , documentation, expert interview, mathematical statistics and logical analysis are adopted to examine the current situations of the education of tennis professional courses and to discuss on how to adjust tennis professional courses to the reformation of education in the new situations. The results of the research show that:
1. The aim of the curriculum in tennis teaching direction is not concrete, so the aim of curriculum cannot match with the development of society
2. The structure of P.E teachers' age are reasonable;The structure of teachers' profession and academic credentials should be improved. In addition, the teachers mostly lack the duty to train the experience
3. There exists a gap between the textbooks for tennis and teaching actual demand.
4. It is difficulty to satisfy the students to training by the teaching construction
5. The teaching contents reflect the fundamental and typical features of the teaching of the general-courses, stress the teaching of tactics but ignore the cultivation of abilities, which doesn't comply with the requirements for elementary P.E courses.
6. Teaching methods and teaching means are so old-fashioned that they couldn't fit with the requirement of multi-medium teaching method. However, teaching condition has changed a lot.
7. The tennis general course stresses on teaching technique and neglects the development of practical and creative ability.
8. Methods of assessment in tennis teaching are unitary including conclusive assessment and teacher's assessment, which neglect the individual difference and students' major roles.
In addition, the economic、social and political impact on the three levels of P.E institutes Tennis curriculum development and constraining environment conducive to the factors discussed found: curriculum development and management, teaching management institutional factors, the level of local economic development played a restrictive role for P.E institutes Tennis curriculum development. According to the existing problems and factors in the above, the thesis makes the following suggestions for it is fast and healthy development.
1. Connected with the advanced education thought, proper attention to the discipline,the society, and the development of the students; And clear about the curriculum goal.
2. Scientifically choosing teaching contents.
3. Focusing on the reform and innovation of teaching methods and teaching means, Comprehensively promotes student's professional ability.
4. Strengthening the reasonable structure of teachers' team and raising teachers' aptitude.
5. Careful collection tennis curriculum teaching material.
6. Improving the contents of assessments and forming multi-aspect assessing methods.
This research aims at providing the innovation of tennis professional courses for P.E institutes with some theoretical and practical support and guidance.
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