摘要
随着我国海洋经济的发展及海洋强国战略的实施，无居民海岛的开发利用逐步提上日程。无居民海岛的开发利用如何协调生态环境和经济、社会的关系，寻求可持续发展的道路，是我国海岛研究的一个重要课题，也是我国“十二五国家海洋科技发展规划纲要”指出的海岛研究方向之一。
本文综合运用生态学、生态经济学、环境科学、资源管理学等学科的理论和方法，理论研究与实证分析相结合，从无居民海岛生态化开发监管的组织体系、法律责任体系、无居民海岛生态化开发的适宜性及生态化开发程度评价等对无居民海岛的生态化开发监管体系进行了系统研究，并将其应用于唐山湾三岛，主要研究内容和成果包括：
（1）对无居民海岛开发利用的优劣势及开发利用中存在的问题进行分析，指出实现无居民海岛可持续发展的重要途径是采取生态化开发的方式；对无居民海岛生态化开发的可行性进行了探讨，并从直接手段和间接手段两个方面分析了无居民海岛开发的路径。
（2）从生态系统的角度对无居民海岛生态化开发的内涵进行了分析，就无居民海岛自然生态系统与复合生态系统的异同进行了对比；详细分析了无居民海岛生态化开发对生态环境的胁迫，生态系统与经济系统的相互作用及无居民海岛复合生态系统的功能；指出了工业化与产业结构调整、能矿资源、投资及政策与制度是无居民海岛生态化开发的驱动力，而制动力主要有：水资源、土地资源、地形地貌及生态环境。
（3）从无居民海岛生态化开发的组织体系、法律责任体系及技术框架三个方面对无居民海岛生态化监管技术体系进行了分析；梳理了无居民海岛生态化开发监管的组织体系，理清了无居民海岛生态化开发的法律责任体系，构建了无居民海岛的生态化开发监管的技术框架，其中技术框架由无居民海岛生态化开发监管的监管主体、监管内容、监测方法及信息发布与反馈四个部分组成。
（4）对无居民海岛生态系统脆弱性的概念及内涵进行了分析，并从生态系统弹性力及生态系统扰动力的角度指出了无居民海岛生态系统脆弱性的驱动因素，构建了无居民海岛生态系统脆弱性评价的二级评价方法，其中一级评价以无居民海岛生态系统弹性力作为评价准则；二级评价以无居民海岛生态系统扰动力作为评价准则，并将此作为无居民海岛生态化开发适宜性评价的基础。
（5）从生态破坏、生态开发、开发效益、集约节约四个方面构建了无居民海岛生态化开发评估的指标体系和评价模型，包括无居民海岛生态化开发现状评价、生态化开发趋势评价及生态化开发稳定性评价。
（6）构建了唐山湾三岛（月坨岛、打网岗岛及石臼坨岛）的生态化开发监管技术体系，并对其生态化开发程度进行了评价分析，其中月坨岛对生态化开发水平较高的隶属度为0.300，打网岗岛对生态化开发较高的隶属度为0.303，石臼坨岛对生态化开发较高的隶属度为0.440，说明唐山湾三岛的生态化开发总体水平均属较高状态。
As the development of marine economics and implementation of marine powerful nationstrategy, the utilization of uninhabited island has been gradually put on the strategy.Coordinating the relationship between utilization, ecological environment, economics, andsociety, and exploring sustainable development measurement are the aims of island scienceresearch. Also, it is one of the research directions in The12th Five-Year National MarineScience and Technology Development Plan.
This study comprehensively applies the theories and methods of ecology, eco-economics,environmental science, resource management and so on, combined with theoretical researchand case analysis, to study the supervision and management technology system of uninhabitedisland eco-development from the directions of island ecological system vulnerability,comprehensive evaluation of eco-development, organizational system and legal liabilitysystem. Then, it is applied to three islands in Tangshan Bay. The mainly results are:
(1) The analyses of advantages, disadvantages and problems in the development ofuninhabited islands show that an efficient way for uninhabited islands sustainabledevelopment is to implement eco-development.In addition, the feasibility of eco-developmentfor uninhabited islands is investigated and methods from direct and indirect means are furtherdiscussed.
(2) The connotation of uninhabited island eco-development from the direction of ecosystemis analyzed. the difference between natural ecosystem and complex ecosystem of uninhabitedisland is a compared. Detailed analyses of the threat from development to ecosystem, theinteraction between ecosystem and economic system, and the function of uninhabited islandcomplex ecosystem are conducted. Industrialization and industrial structure adjustment,mineral resources, investment and policy are the driving forces of uninhabited islands. Thebraking forces of uninhabited island include water resources, land resources, topography and ecological environment.
(3) We analyze supervision and management technology system of uninhabited islandeco-development from the directions of organizational system, legal liability system andtechnical framework, combe organizational system, clarify the legal responsibilities and builda single uninhabited island supervision technology framework. The framework of islandsupervision consits of subject, content, methods and information feedback system.
(4) Resilience and disturbance are determining factors in the concept and connotation ofuninhabited island ecosystem vulnerability. A two-level assessment method for uninhabitedisland ecosystem vulnerability is constructed with first-level and second-level assessmentsbased on elastic force and disturbing forces of uninhabited island ecosystem vulnerability,respectively.
(5) An uninhabited island eco-development assessment index system and evaluation modelis built, consisting of ecological disruption, eco-development, development efficiency andintensive and economical aspects. It also includes status assessment, tendency assessment andstability assessment of uninhabited island eco-development.
(6) Tangshan Bay Three Islands (Yuetuo Island, Dawanggang Island and Shijiutuo Island)eco-development supervision system has been built, and The eco-development level isassessed. Yuetuo Island, Dawanggang Island and Shijiutuo Island eco-development score are0.300,0.303and0.440, these show Tangshan Bay Three Islands eco-development level isRelatively high.
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