网络环境下的智能化农业信息平台研究
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摘要
智能化农业信息技术是近年来发展十分迅速的一门重要学科。用智能化农业信息技术改造和支持农业的发展是当前一项备受关注的工作。我国农业的科技含量低,农业信息技术的基础比较差,21世纪在我国推进智能化农业信息技术将会获得显著的经济效益和社会效益。因此,本研究领域受到了政府的支持、科技部门的重视和基层的欢迎。论文以国家863计划智能计算机主题下的关键项目“智能化农业信息技术应用示范工程—重庆市示范区”和重点项目“农业专家系统开发框架”为研究对象,对智能化农业信息平台技术进行了系列研究。
     本文在分析研究国内外智能化农业信息技术研究发展现状的基础上,应用当代信息技术和人工智能的新成果,研究了智能化农业信息平台的硬件结构和软件框架体系。对农业专家系统、农业数据库/数据仓库、基于GIS的土壤信息系统、农业知识发现KDD以及温室分布式计算机控制技术等问题进行了分析和探索。建立了重庆市智能化农业信息网络,并进入了实际运行。论文的主要工作和结论如下:
     1.分析了计算机网络的系统结构和智能化农业信息服务的需求特点,建立了基于Internet的计算机农业信息网络,并配套设计了信息平台的软件框架体系,集成了863智能农业的一些研究成果,开发配置了支持农业智能决策的农业数据库,提出了农业数据仓库的模型方案,为开展信息农业提供了平台支撑。
     2.将地理信息系统(GIS)技术应用于农业系统中,研制了基于GIS的土壤信息系统。利用GIS强大的图形与数据管理功能,配合方便的多媒体界面,使用户能容易地通过网络跨地域的获取土壤等农业空间分布数据,能从根本上改善基层的农业信息资源配置状况,支持农业的智能决策。
     3.研究了农业领域的知识特点,提出了多媒体技术表达多维化农业信息空间的概念。研制了基于Web的番茄、黄瓜、辣椒、榨菜和柑橘五种作物栽培专家系统,解决了这些作物关于品种选择、播期确定、肥料运筹、病虫害诊断等问题的智能决策应用。在综合农业专家系统开发规律的基础上,提出了基于C/S模式的多媒体专家系统开发框架,有效地缩短了专家系统的开发周期,提高了开发效率,降低了开发难度,并提交非计算机人员使用。
     4.针对专家系统的“知识瓶颈”问题,开展了农业领域的知识发现(KDD)研究。提出了基于特征的作物营养诊断方法。利用人工神经网络技术实现了柑橘营养诊断,可以实现6种常量元素和11种微量元素的缺盈诊断。运用粗
    
     重庆大学博士学位论文
     集理论能消除数据冗余属性的特性,将粗集理论应用于土壤数据的处理中,
     简化了土壤分类对数据的依赖程度,实现了基于粗集的土壤分类规则发现。
    5.针对设施农业的工厂化趋势,开展了温室环境的自动控制研究。采用国际上
     先进的Rockcell 自动化平台,设计了基于三层网络结构的温室分布式计算
     机控制系统。可实现对温度、湿度、光照和水肥等因数的自动控制。采用图
     形化的监控界面,方便人机交互。
Agricultural intellectualized information technique (AIIT) is an important subject which developing rapidly recent years. Using it to reconstruct and support agricultural development has become a very attentive work at present. Since the agriculture has lower content of technology and worse base of information technology in our country, advancing AIIT gains immense economic and social benefits in 21st century.
    So the research gets government's support, recognition of science and technology dept, and the welcome coming from the grass roots. With the research object under key project "application and demonstration engineering of Chongqing AIIT section" and significant project "development framework of agriculture ES" sponsored by 863, the article makes a series of research on platform-based AIIT.
    In this paper, applying the latest fruit of information technology and artificial intelligence nowadays, hardware structure and software framework of AIIT are researched on the basis of analysis and study on the development of AIIT inside and outside our country. We have analyzed and explored some problems about the agriculture expert system (ES), agriculture database/data warehouse, GIS-based soil information system, distributed computer control technology in the greenhouse, the knowledge discovery in databases (KDD) and so on. Furthermore, we have constructed intellectual agriculture information network of Chongqing which has run practically. The following is main work and conclusions in the paper:
    1. In the article, we have analyzed the system structure of computer network and the character of required services provided by AIIT, constructed internet-based computer agriculture information network (Integrated with some fruit of intellectual agriculture sponsored by 863) and devised software framework structure matching it, developed the agriculture database supporting intellectual decision-making, advanced model of the agriculture data warehouse.All of these provide the platform support of the intellectualized decision-making on the field of agriculture.
    2. Applying GIS-based technology in agriculture system, soil information system based on GIS is developed. Making use of its powerful functions of graphics and data management, users can get the data of agricultural space distribution across the clime (soil, for example) by the Network, and by virtue of the convenient
    
    
    multimedia interface. It can radically improve the configurations of information resource and support intellectual decision-making in the field of agriculture.
    3. We studied the character of knowledge in the field of agriculture, bring up the use multi-media technology to express the concept of space information of many dimensions'agriculture, developed five kinds of farm crops of cultivated expert system base on Web such as tomato, cucumber, capsicum, pickles, orange and so on in the agriculture ES, and resolved intellectual decision-making concerning the breed to choose, seedtime, how to operate fertilizer, plant diseases and insect pests diagnosis etc. On the basis of synthesizing development discipline of agriculture ES, we bring up the framework of multimedia agriculture ES based on C/S mode, efficiently shorten the the period of exploitation, improve the efficiency of exploitation, reduce the difficulty of exploitation in agriculture expert system, and refer non-computer person to use.
    4. Aiming at "bottle-neck" of ES, we researched the theory and method of KDD in the field of agriculture, and sdudied concretely the diagnosis method of based on nutrition-diagnosis of plants. Utilizing artificial neural network, nutrition-diagnosis of orange are realized lack-surplus diagnosis including 6 kinds of ordinary elements and 11 kinds of microelements. Since rough sets can eliminate data's redundancy, we applied the theory to the soil' data processing, For example,we simplified soil' classified dependent degree on data, and realized the discovery of soil classified rules based on ro
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